RU2349857C2 - Method of launching grenade and grenade launcher to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: method of launching grenade includes pushing it out by the launch charge powder gases towards the barrel muzzle part along with simultaneous pushing the balance weight towards breech housing. Acceleration of the grenade till preset velocity is realised in two steps along the entire length of the barrel. First the said balance weight is pushed off from the grenade launcher by the launch charge powder gases, the launch charge being fitted in the rocket engine and mounted on the grenade bottom. Then acceleration is provided for by the rocket engine thrust. During pushing out the balance weight, behind the breech housing a jet air-gas mix stream is formed. The proposed method id embodied in a grenade launcher comprising barrel, grenade, launch charge and valance weight. The launch charge is fitted in the rocket engine and mounted on the grenade bottom, while the rocket engine nozzle box accommodates a cylindrical nozzle housing the aforesaid balance weight. Note here that a chamber is arranged between the said nozzle box and balance weight that communicates with atmosphere via a gas duct made in the balance weight coaxially with the cylindrical nozzle.

EFFECT: lower weight of grenade launcher, higher safety in shooting.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of military equipment, namely to single-use grenade launchers.

A known method of firing a grenade (Weapons of modern infantry: an illustrated guide. Part II / S.L. Fedoseev. - M.: Publishing House Astrel LLC: Publishing House ACT, 2001. - 256 pp., Ill. - (Military equipment ), pp. 169-171), adopted by the authors for the prototype and including the ejection of the grenade’s starting charge by the powder gases towards the muzzle of the barrel and the simultaneous ejection of the anti-mass towards the breech (the so-called “Davis gun” principle).

The specified method is implemented in a Panzerfaust-3 hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher developed by Dynamite-Nobel AG, consisting of a barrel, a grenade, an anti-mass and a starting charge placed in the barrel between a grenade and an anti-mass (Weapons of modern infantry: an illustrated reference book. Part II / S.L. Fedoseev. - M .: Astrel Publishing House LLC: ACT Publishing House LLC, 2001. - 256 pp., Ill. - (Military equipment), pp. 169-171).

The known method and the grenade launcher that implements it can significantly reduce the danger zone that occurs when firing behind the official cut of the grenade launcher, which allows firing from enclosed spaces without danger to the grenade launcher and other fighters of the unit. However, despite the high efficiency, the known method and its design have a number of disadvantages, namely: the relatively large weight and limited initial speed of the grenade. These disadvantages are due to the fact that the dispersal of the grenade is carried out only at half the length of the barrel (in the other half the mass is accelerated), as a result of which it is necessary to ensure relatively high pressure levels in the barrel, which leads to an increase in the thickness of the barrel walls and its mass. Burning the starting charge directly in the barrel also leads to the need to increase the thickness of the barrel walls. The increase in the initial speed with the known method of firing a grenade leads to the need to increase the pressure in the barrel, which again leads to an increase in mass and an increase in pressure at the cut of the barrel after the grenade leaves, which is unsafe for the shooter. Finally, the relatively large mass of the grenade launcher is due to the very method of firing a grenade with an anti-mass reject equal to the weight of the grenade.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the mass of the grenade launcher at a given size and speed of the grenade, as well as increasing the level of safety when firing from a grenade launcher.

The problem is solved by a method of firing a grenade from a grenade launcher, which includes accelerating to a predetermined speed and pushing the grenade with powder gases of the starting charge towards the muzzle of the barrel and simultaneously pushing it toward the breech of the anti-mass, while the new thing is that the gas duct is executed in the counter-mass, the grenade is accelerated to a predetermined speed is carried out over the entire length of the barrel in two stages, first pushing the antimass from the grenade body with the powder gases of the starting charge, which is placed in rockets motor and mounted on the bottom of the grenade, and then thrust rocket motor, wherein during ejection protivomassy in the direction of movement of the breech due gazovoda form a jet stream gas mixture.

The method is implemented by a grenade launcher containing a barrel, a grenade, a starting charge and a counter mass, in which a new one compared to the prototype is that the starting charge is placed in a rocket engine installed at the bottom of the grenade, a cylindrical nozzle is fixed to the nozzle block of the rocket engine, the counter mass is placed inside the nozzle while a cavity is made between the nozzle block of the rocket engine and the counter-mass, which is connected to the atmosphere by a gas duct, made in the counter-mass coaxially to the cylindrical nozzle. The walls of the cylindrical nozzle can be made of variable thickness.

Installing a rocket engine on a grenade allows it to be accelerated over the entire length of the barrel, first by pushing the counter mass from the cylindrical nozzle with the combustion products of the starting charge, and after pushing the counter mass by the rocket engine thrust. As a result, almost the entire length of the barrel is used to set speed, which allows for a given grenade speed to reduce the weight of the grenade launcher by reducing the level of working pressure in the barrel and reducing the weight of the anti-mass.

The execution of the walls of the cylindrical nozzle of variable thickness also reduces the weight of the structure. A slight increase in the mass of the grenade due to the installation of a rocket engine is compensated by the starting charge and the speed of the grenade remains unchanged.

The gas duct, made in the counter-mass of the coaxial nozzle, provides a decrease in pressure in the nozzle due to the outflow of part of the combustion products of the starting charge into the atmosphere, which allows to reduce the mass of the nozzle. The cavity between the anti-mass and the nozzle block of the rocket engine allows you to reduce the pressure level in the nozzle at the time of engine operation.

The gas duct, made in the counter-mass of the coaxial nozzle, also provides the flow of combustion products of the starting charge in front of the counter-mass in the direction of its movement during its expulsion from the nozzle. In this case, an air-gas mixture is formed behind the breech section of the barrel, which has a supersonic axis and a high subsonic flow velocity on the periphery in the direction opposite to the direction of fire. The shock wave generated during the expiration of the products of combustion of the starting charge through the gas duct, due to the small size of the gas duct, has a low power and does not create a level of pulse overpressure that is dangerous for the shooter.

The counter-mass, and after being pushed out of the nozzle and the barrel and the supersonic jet of the working engine, are ejected into the moving medium and also do not create a shock wave of high intensity during braking, since their velocities are comparable to the flow rate of the gas-air mixture. As a result, the level of impact of pulse overpressure on the arrow decreases and the safety of shooting is increased. At the same time, the counter mass when exiting the nozzle and the barrel is destroyed by the gas duct stream and loses its speed faster, which reduces the length of the danger zone beyond the official cut of the grenade launcher.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where in Fig.1 shows a diagram of a grenade launcher, and in Fig.2 - the nature of the flow of combustion products of the starting charge and the movement of the anti-mass during the shot.

The grenade launcher consists of a grenade 1, barrel 2, a starting charge 3 and a counter mass 4. At the bottom of the grenade 1 a rocket engine 5 is installed, in which a starting charge 3 is placed. A cylindrical nozzle 7 with a counter mass 4 is mounted on the nozzle block 6 of the rocket engine 5. A cavity 8 is made between the nozzle block 6 of the rocket engine and the counter-mass, which is connected to the atmosphere by a gas duct 9, made in the counter-mass coaxially to the cylindrical nozzle 7.

The work of the proposed design is as follows. When you turn on the rocket engine 5, the combustion products of the starting charge 3 through the nozzle block 6 enter the cavity 8 between the nozzle block and the counter mass 4 and under the action of their pressure grenade 1 in the barrel 2 and the counter mass 4 in the nozzle 7 begin to move in opposite directions. Part of the products of combustion of the starting charge 3 from the cavity 8 through the gas duct 9 flows into the atmosphere in front of the counter mass 4, forming a stream of gas-air mixture and reducing the intensity of the shock wave. After the exit of the anti-mass 4 from the nozzle 7, and then from the barrel 2 of the grenade 1 continues to accelerate until it leaves the muzzle of the barrel due to the thrust of the rocket engine 5.

The dimensions and weight of the starting charge, anti-mass, high-pressure chamber and cylindrical nozzle are determined at the given dimensions of the grenade launcher and the initial speed of the grenade by calculation and are refined according to the test results.

Thus, the proposed method of firing a grenade and a grenade launcher for its implementation will reduce the mass of the grenade launcher design at given dimensions and the initial speed of the grenade at relatively low pressure levels in the barrel, which will improve the safety of the shooter.

Claims (3)

1. A method of firing a grenade from a grenade launcher, including accelerating to a predetermined speed and pushing the grenade with powder gases of the starting charge towards the muzzle of the barrel and simultaneously pushing the breech side of the anti-mass, characterized in that a gas duct is performed in the counter-mass, the grenade is accelerated to a predetermined speed by the entire length of the barrel in two steps, first pushing the anti-mass from the grenade body with the powder gases of the starting charge, which is placed in a rocket engine and installed on the bottom of the grains you, and then - by the thrust of a rocket engine, while in the process of pushing the counter mass in the direction of its movement behind the breech of the barrel due to the gas duct, a jet stream of the gas-air mixture is formed. 2. A grenade launcher containing a barrel, a grenade, a starting charge and a counter-mass, characterized in that the starting charge is placed in a rocket engine mounted on the bottom of the grenade, a cylindrical nozzle is fixed to the nozzle block of the rocket engine, the counter-mass is placed inside the nozzle, while between the nozzle block of the rocket engine and anti-mass cavity is made, which is connected to the atmosphere by a gas duct, made in the counter-mass coaxially to the cylindrical nozzle. 3. Grenade launcher according to claim 2, characterized in that the walls of the cylindrical nozzle are made of variable thickness.

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