RU59657U1 - WALL UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to construction and is intended for the construction of external and internal walls, partitions and columns of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures

The purpose of the utility model is to increase strength, simplify the design, manufacturing technology and laying of blocks during the laying of building structures, expand their scope and ensure their interchangeability and the possibility of sharing with other products for laying walls, partitions and columns - brick, stone and blocks. The wall block is made in the form of a parallelepiped with vertical voids, the dimensions of which are commensurate and multiple to the dimensions of brick, stone, blocks and local volumes laid out of them, includes voids of the same type (formed by hollow formers in the manufacture of blocks), which are placed on the bottom surface of the block in a checkerboard in parallel rows at a distance of 31 mm between the rows and 62 mm at the centers of the voids in the row, the vertices of the voids are located below the upper plane of the block forming above them a horizontal plate of continuous cheniya, which can be reinforced in the manufacture of blocks, masonry structures provides an optimal system ligation vertical joints, contributing to the strength Laid constructive building.

Description

The claimed utility model relates to construction and is intended for the construction of external and internal walls, partitions and columns in residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures.

The purpose of the utility model is to increase strength, simplify the design, manufacturing technology and laying of blocks during the laying of structures, expand their scope and ensure their interchangeability and the possibility of sharing with other products for laying structures of buildings and structures.

Known precast-monolithic wall for heated buildings with a thickness of one block, consisting of multi-slotted ceramic blocks with a central through cavity between the walls of the blocks and lintels and with protrusions of the walls on the sides of the block. The wall blocks are stacked in rows to form vertical wells of the same cross section. Wells and cavities are filled with insulating concrete. The rows of the wall of blocks are separated by dressing rows of brick, overlapping the walls of the blocks and forming horizontal channels filled with insulating concrete (SU 1643680 A1). The disadvantages of this design are: low thermal resistance of the wall due to the presence of broadening in the corners of the blocks and the use of bricks, the difficulty of performing work especially at low temperatures.

A building block is known, the width corresponding to the thickness of the wall, including two side walls connected by two transverse jumpers with the formation of voids that are filled with insulation, while protrusions are made on the upper and end surfaces of the side walls on one side, and on the lower and end surfaces on the other - recesses in the form of these protrusions, while the block is made reinforced, in the cross section in the zone of the transverse jumper is channel-shaped, the outer surface of the outer side wall bordered by the perimeter chamfered protrusions and recesses are formed with bevels (RU 2237787 C1). The disadvantages of this block are: the difficulty in manufacturing a structure that is heterogeneous in composition, the presence of more than two dozen elements and cold bridges through 2 reinforced concrete transverse bridges, as well as stringent requirements for the geometric dimensions of the block and the technology of work when laying walls.

The closest technical solution to the proposed utility model is a building block for masonry walls (prototype),

including a parallelepiped with a large through hole and many small rectangular through holes of two sizes, having protrusions and grooves of the corresponding sizes on the end ribs - the height of the extreme protrusions when they are unilaterally located or their total height when bilaterally located is less than the height of the middle protrusion by the thickness of the vertical joint (RU 2020214 C1). The disadvantages of this design are the complexity of manufacturing due to the presence of three types of voids of different sizes and the complex geometric shape of the product, limited strength, because there is a large void in the center of the block and two more types of voids that are unevenly placed inside the block, a narrow scope for external walls, a uniform view of building facades.

The indicated purpose of the utility model is achieved in that the wall block is a multi-hollow three-dimensional structure in the form of a parallelepiped with dimensions commensurate with and multiple of the sizes of bricks, stones, blocks and local volumes laid out of them, includes voids of the same type (formed by post-formers in the manufacture of blocks) by in the form of a pair of paired on the vertical axis of the cone with the bases of the truncated cones in the form of a circle or square placed on the bottom surface of the block in a checkerboard row parallel rows at a distance - 31 mm between rows and 62 mm at the centers of the voids in a row, the total number of voids and rows - odd vertices of voids are located below the top plane of the block, forming a continuous horizontal plate section, which may be reinforced. The above structural solutions simplify the design of the product, provide: simplicity of its manufacture, spatial rigidity and structural strength of the block, the optimal system for dressing vertical joints during the laying of building structures, because vertical joints from mortar between bricks, stones or blocks above the lying rows in the building structures are placed within areas with fewer voids in the blocks below the lying rows - as a result, the strength of the building structure as a whole increases.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the wall block I; in Fig.2 is a fragment of the facade of the outer wall of the blocks, in Fig.3 is a section 1-1, in Fig.4 is a section 2-2, in Fig.5 is a section 3-3, in Fig. - 6 section 4-4; Fig.7 is a transverse section bB of the inner wall of blocks at the level of the floor, Fig.8 is a longitudinal section aa of the inner wall of blocks at the level of the floor, Fig.9 is a section 5-5, in Fig. .10 - section 6-6; Fig.11 is a fragment of a view of a partition from blocks, Fig.12 is a section 7-7, Fig.13 is a section 8-8, Fig.14 is a fragment of a column view of blocks, Fig.15 is a section 9-9 , on Fig - local volume, laid out of brick replaced by a block.

The wall block I (Fig. 1) has: an upper horizontal surface 1 on which blocks are placed on the solution above the lying row and other products - jumpers, floor slabs, beams ..., lower horizontal surface 2, which serves as a supporting area and transfers loads to

blocks below the lying row or foundations, the bases of voids 3 are staggered on the surface 2, the voids in shape are pairwise conjugate on the vertical axis of the figure - a truncated cone with a base in the form of a circle or a square on it a cone whose apex is located below the upper surface 1 blocks, lateral surfaces 4, 5, 6, 7 around the perimeter cover (encircle) a homogeneous hollow mass of the block, the sizes of surfaces 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 are multiple and commensurate with the sizes of products for walls, partitions and columns - brick, stones , blocks and local volumes laid out of them, this allows instead of several small pieces for masonry walls, partitions and columns to use one block, including a combination of blocks with smaller blocks and blocks with bricks, stones. The wall block is made of silicate, silicate tinted, silicate porous, expanded clay concrete, foam concrete, ceramic, tinted ceramic, porous ceramic, including using materials from which small-piece products for masonry structures are made.

The masonry of walls and partitions does not differ from the known types of masonry; to ensure the monolithicity of the masonry design, ligation of vertical joints in each row along the wall or partition and across the wall through several rows is performed.

The laying of the outer walls is carried out with a thickness of 1, 2 or more blocks depending on the purpose of the buildings and the climatic region of construction, the laying of the outer wall with a thickness of two blocks (see Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) is carried out - the outer layer of blocks facing (including tinted), the inner layer - from blocks with improved thermal performance, for example, silicate porous, ceramic porous using effective fillers from fine crushed expanded clay or perlite in their manufacture, with ligation of vertical joints: tsovochnogo layer in each row along the front facade and three rows of wall height to communicate with the inner layer due to application of a facing larger unit; the inner layer - with ligation of vertical seams located across the wall - in each row of masonry as a result of using one block size with laying of blocks with a displacement in plan along the wall by 0.5 of its length in three rows of masonry along the height of the wall, in the fourth row of masonry along the height wall ligation of vertical joints is carried out by laying a larger facing block with its partial placement in the inner layer of masonry and laying a smaller width block (see Fig. 6). In the process of masonry walls with ligation of vertical joints with any system of ligation of joints, the location of voids in the blocks ensures the placement of vertical joints between blocks above the rows above a smaller number of voids (even rows of voids in the blocks) in the blocks of the underlying rows of masonry. It is advisable to note that any block in Fig.2-6 can be replaced by a smaller block (including bricks and stones) - for example, Fig.16 shows the local volume of the masonry wall laid out from two rows of one and a half bricks II on a solution replaced by a wall block I.

The masonry of the inner wall (see Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10) is carried out using blocks with a thickness equal to the wall thickness, using blocks made of the materials indicated above, depending on the number of storeys of the building, current loads, sound insulation requirements, etc. , when laying the inner wall of the blocks, they are displaced relative to the blocks laid in the previous row by 0.5 of its length, depending on the adopted system for ligation of vertical joints, the offset is made by - 0.5, 0.33, 0.25 of the length of the block.

The laying of the partition (see Figs. 11, 12, 13) is carried out similarly to the laying of the inner wall - the width of the block is equal to the thickness of the partition, the blocks are stacked with their offset in plan in each row of the brickwork relative to the lower laid blocks in the underlying row of the brickwork by 0.5 block length - Depends on the adopted system for ligation of vertical joints.

Column masonry is carried out on a solution or glue using blocks with a plan size corresponding to the column section (see Figs. 14, 15), depending on the loads, the column can be reinforced or reinforced around the perimeter by any known method, including in this case, blocks can be used reinforced in the manufacture of reinforcing mesh or by eliminating voids.

The use of wall blocks allows: to obtain technologically advanced, durable products and economical constructions of low-weight buildings with lower consumption of mortar and labor, satisfying the heat-technical properties of external walls with various types of facades of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures, and reduce the time of work, while it does not exclude the possibility of changing current projects and traditions in the construction of building structures from small-piece products stacked by hand without any substantial ennyh costs and expenses.

Information sources:

1. SU 1643 680 A1

2. RU 2237787 C1

3. RU 2020214 C1

Claims (1)

A wall block made in the form of a parallelepiped with vertical voids, characterized in that each of the voids in shape is a cone and a truncated cone conjugated on the vertical axis, with the base placed on the bottom surface of the block, while the voids are staggered in parallel rows on a distance of 31 mm between the rows and 62 mm at the centers of the voids in the row, the total number of voids and rows is odd, the vertices of the voids are located below the upper plane of the block, forming a horizontal slab above them I adapted to the reinforcement.