RU2817456C2 - Open-type sectional batch dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and can be used for drying grass seeds, as well as grain, leguminous, oilseeds, cereals and other loose and low-flowing crops in closed rooms and buildings or under shed. Intermittent-action sectional dryer includes installed on the frame in a row the inclined sections of the dryer, having the same width between the sides separating them, an air dispensing channel with side outlets, a shipping conveyor installed under the outlet windows of the drying chambers, and loading scraper conveyor with lower working branch, installed above dryer crest. Each section of the drier is formed by drying and pre-drying chambers, divided by height with an inclined perforated sieve. Loading scraper conveyor for better cleaning is equipped with a bottom of trapezoidal shape, which makes it possible to exclude clogging of crops or varieties during their change. Drying sections in the upper corner at the loading point are equipped with a device for adjusting the thickness of the layer of seeds in the form of a rotary or retractable spreading board and a compensation chamber for shrinkage.

EFFECT: this allows to load drying chambers of drier with even layer of required thickness, to exclude negative effect of shrinkage on uniformity of seeds drying and to expand functionality and scope of drier application.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for drying grass seeds, as well as grains, legumes, oilseeds, cereals and other bulk and low-flowing agricultural crops in enclosed spaces and buildings or under a canopy.

A universal open-type sectional dryer is known, containing a frame, inclined sections of the dryer mounted on the frame in a row, having the same width between the sides separating them and formed by a drying and subdrying chamber, separated by height by an inclined perforated sieve, the exit from which ends with an outlet window , equipped with a damper; an air distribution channel tapering in the direction of movement of the coolant, connected at its wide end to the heat-ventilation unit, and by the side outlets, in which air dampers are installed, to the drying chambers of the dryer sections; a shipping conveyor installed under the outlet windows of the drying chambers. To load seeds into the dryer section at their highest level, either a mobile over-drying hopper mounted on rails is used, equipped with an outlet pipe with a damper, the length of which is equal to the width of the dryer section along the internal space of its drying chamber or less than it by the amount of the side gaps (RF Patent No. 2331827, MPK F26B 9/06. Sectional dryer of periodic action / Konyshev N.L., Isupov V.I., Fokin V.L. (RF) - 6 s), or a loading device in the form of a scraper conveyor with a lower working branch and located in its flat bottom with outlet windows (usually two, three per drying section), equipped with dampers (Burkov A.I., Konyshev N.L., Roshchin O.P. Machines for post-harvest processing of grass seeds. - Kirov: Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-East , 2003. - P.89-90, Fig. 3.12).

The loading device of the dryer in the form of an over-drying mobile hopper, the volume of which is equal to the volume of one drying chamber, is emptied completely without residue, does not require subsequent cleaning, allows you to load different seeds into different sections without the risk of clogging and mixing, and ensures that the dryer sections are loaded evenly along their width a layer of seeds of any thickness (usually ranging from 500 to 700 mm) without additional leveling, which contributes to its uniform and rapid drying. However, the device in the form of a hopper does not provide a continuous and fast process of loading the dryer due to the large number of trips to unloading places and back, which reduces the productivity of the dryer at loading and, most importantly, the dryer, complete with a loading device in the form of an over-drying hopper, has a large overall height (up to 5.5 m). Therefore, some rooms (buildings) with a height less than the specified value are unsuitable for placing a dryer in them, which limits the scope of its use.

The dryer, complete with a loading device in the form of a scraper conveyor with a lower working branch and outlet windows, two or three per drying section, equipped with dampers or not, unlike a dryer with an over-drying hopper, is more productive at loading, since it is loaded continuously, and, other things being equal, has the minimum possible height, which does not exceed 3 m. The presence of dampers allows you to load the drying chambers with a layer of seeds of the required thickness, and the absence of dampers - with a layer of only the maximum thickness. However, the scraper conveyor of the dryer does not ensure uniform loading of sections along their width, since point loading of each section from two or three outlet windows leads to the formation of an uneven, wavy layer of material, and therefore, to ensure uniform drying, it is necessary to manually level the top layer of loaded seeds with special equipment, which requires the use of additional funds, labor and time and increases operating costs for drying. A significant disadvantage of the loading device in the form of a scraper conveyor with a flat bottom is that it is impossible to completely clear it from the inside of the remnants of seed material, which remains in the corners of the bottom along its entire length, which, when changing crops or varieties, inevitably leads to clogging of newly dried crops (varieties). ) remnants of the previous ones. Therefore, this low dryer is equipped with a loading device in the form of a scraper conveyor with a flat bottom and outlet windows, in the amount of two or three per drying section, subject to agrotechnical requirements that do not allow contamination of the seeds of the main crop or variety with other crops or varieties in excess of the established standards , without the risk of clogging, can only be used for drying seeds of one monoculture or one variety, which significantly limits its scope of application.

When using a loading scraper conveyor with one outlet window for each dryer section, the length of which is almost equal to its width minus the jumpers between adjacent windows (i.e., the conveyor is practically devoid of a bottom, short sections of the bottom remain only at the joints of the dryer sections to hold the chain with scrapers from significant sagging), complete self-cleaning of the scraper conveyor from material residues is ensured, and the need to use dampers is eliminated. Due to the fact that the scraper conveyor loads seeds by sequentially pulling them across the width of each drying section and so on until the last, a layer of seeds of maximum thickness is formed in the drying chambers, which is limited by the height of the lower edges of the conveyor scrapers and is not adjustable, i.e. . The thickness of the layer in the dryer with a given design of the scraper conveyor (with one outlet window for each section) will always be extremely large. It is not possible to load the material with a layer of smaller thickness, for example, half the height of the drying section, with such a device, which limits the capabilities of the dryer and its scope of application. In addition, when using long-length exhaust windows without a bottom, arc-shaped sagging of the chain with scrapers is inevitable, which will lead to the formation of an uneven layer of material in the cross section and uneven drying.

A common disadvantage of all the dryer designs described above should also be considered the absence in their drying chambers of a compensatory drying chamber and a device for regulating the thickness of the seed layer, which allows eliminating the influence of point loading, compensating for the consequences of material settlement and changes in the angle of its natural repose as a result of changes in humidity and flowability of seeds in the process drying and generally contribute to increasing the uniformity of drying.

Based on the set of essential features, a low-sized open-type sectional batch dryer with a loading device in the form of a scraper conveyor with a lower working branch and outlet windows (one or several for each dryer section), with or without dampers, is closest to the claimed one and is accepted as a prototype.

The objective of the invention is to expand the scope of application and functionality by adjusting the thickness, increasing the evenness of the surface layer and uniform drying of seeds, cleanability from material residues, eliminating the negative impact of shrinkage and contamination of some crops by others when changing crops (varieties).

The problem is solved by the fact that in a sectional batch dryer of an open type, including a frame, inclined sections of the dryer mounted on the frame in a row, having the same width between the sides separating them and formed by a drying and drying chamber, separated by height by an inclined perforated sieve, the exit from which ends in an outlet window equipped with a damper; an air distribution channel tapering in the direction of movement of the coolant, connected at its wide end to the heat-ventilation unit, and by the side outlets, in which air dampers are installed, to the drying chambers of the dryer sections; a shipping conveyor installed under the outlet windows of the drying chambers, and, installed above the ridge of the dryer, a loading scraper conveyor with a lower working branch and outlet windows located in its bottom, equipped with or without dampers, the latter is equipped with a trapezoidal bottom with walls inclined to the center at the corners and outlet windows between them in the middle, and scrapers of the same shape, and each drying section in the upper loading corner is equipped with a device for regulating the thickness of the seed layer in the form of a rotary or retractable leveling board mounted on a fixed wall, which is connected on the sides to the sides separating the dryer sections , and the upper end - with the lower edge of the inclined wall of the conveyor bottom, located on the side of the shipping conveyor, and forms a compensation drying chamber with the sides of the dryer section.

Figure 1 shows an open-type sectional batch dryer, top view; Fig.2 - section A-A in Fig.1 with a device for regulating the thickness of the seed layer in the form of a rotary leveler; Fig. 3 is the same, a variant with a device for regulating the thickness of the seed layer in the form of a retractable leveling board.

An open-type sectional batch dryer contains a frame 1 and inclined dryer sections 2 installed on it in a row, having the same width between the sides 3 separating them. Each dryer section 2 is formed by a drying chamber and under the drying chambers 4 and 5, separated by height by an inclined perforated sieve 6. Each drying chamber 4 is completely open at the top, and in the lower part at the end of the perforated sieve 6 is equipped with a discharge window 7 with a damper 8 for removing dried seeds. In the rear part of each drying chamber 5 there is a window 9, which is connected to the corresponding side outlet 10 of the air distribution channel 11. In the side outlets 10 of the channel 11, air dampers 12 are installed. The air distribution channel 11 is connected at its wide end to a heat ventilation unit (TVB) (not shown in the drawings) ) and narrows in the direction of coolant movement. A combustion unit with a fan and a louvered damper can be used as a heat-ventilation unit for supplying coolant, such as heated atmospheric air. To remove the dried material from the dryer, a shipping conveyor 13 is used, installed under the unloading windows 7 of the drying chambers 4, and for loading, a scraper conveyor 14 with a lower working branch, installed above the ridge of the dryer, is used.

The loading scraper conveyor 14 is equipped with outlet windows 15 with or without dampers 16. In this case, above each section 2 of the dryer, one outlet window 15 can be located, the length of which in the direction of the dryer ridge is equal to the width of the internal space of the drying chamber 4 minus the jumpers between adjacent outlet windows that hold the chain with scrapers from large sagging or several windows 15 with jumpers between them, the total length of the passage part of which constitutes most of the width of the drying chamber. If there is only one window 15 per section width, then the use of shutter 16 is not advisable. If there are more windows, then in some cases they can be equipped with dampers 16, for example, to isolate previously filled sections of the dryer, the seeds in which are already partially or completely dried, from the flow of wet seeds transported through them.

The bottom with scrapers 17 of the conveyor 14 for its self-cleaning is made of a trapezoidal shape. In cross-section at the corners, the bottom has inclined walls 18, which are adjacent to the outlet windows 15, located between them in the middle and do not allow the chain with scrapers to sag and fall through the outlet windows 15. In addition, when the outlet windows 15 are open, the seeds on the inclined walls 18 They don’t stay - they roll off.

To form an even layer of wet seeds of the required thickness on an inclined perforated sieve 6, each drying chamber 4 in its upper corner (at the loading point) is equipped with a device for regulating the thickness of the seed layer in the form of a rotary or retractable leveling board 19. The leveling board 19 is fixed on a fixed wall 20, which is connected on the sides to the separating sections 2 of the dryer by the sides 3, and by the upper end to the lower edge of the inclined wall 18 of the bottom of the conveyor 14, located on the side of the shipping conveyor 13, and forms a compensation drying chamber 21 with the three sides of the dryer section. The rotary leveling board 19 (see Fig. 2) is hingedly mounted on the wall 20 with the ability to rotate around the hinge axis and is equipped with an adjusting screw (not shown in the drawings) to fix the given position. If the shield-leveler 19 is made retractable (see Fig. 3), it is installed on the wall 20 in guides with the ability to move along them and fix in the desired position. In this case, the guides are mounted on the wall 20 along its edges and can be installed obliquely.

The dryer works as follows. Before loading begins, in all of its drying chambers 4, leveling boards 19, depending on the state of the initial seed material (its moisture content, contamination, fluidity and type of crop), are set to a given height, and the flaps 16 of the scraper conveyor 14 are fully opened. Then the initial wet material is fed by a elevator (not shown in the drawings) into the loading scraper conveyor 14 (the loading location is shown in Fig. 1), which loads the seeds into the dryer with the lower working branch. Loading of drying chambers 4 is carried out sequentially, starting from the first one in the direction of travel. Once in the drying chamber 4, the seeds in it are gradually pulled apart by the scrapers of the conveyor 14 until the sieve 6 and the compensation drying chamber 21 are filled with layers of seeds limited by the leveling board 19 and the bottom of the scraper conveyor 14 from side to side, i.e. across the entire width of chamber 4. Upon completion of loading, the layer of material formed on the sieve 6 has a flat surface and the required thickness, and when the coolant coming from the heat-ventilation unit passes through it, it is evenly blown. As the seed layer dries under the influence of the coolant, the layer of seeds located on the inclined sieve 6 gradually crumbles and settles, but due to the presence of the compensation drying chamber 21, its thickness in the longitudinal direction, i.e. in the direction of descent, remains unchanged.

When any drying chamber 4 is completely filled, the shutters 16 of the conveyor 14 located above it are closed, and the remaining seeds are moved by the conveyor to the next section 2 of the dryer, and so on until the end.

The dried material from the drying chambers 4 of sections 2 of the dryer, with the sequential opening of the dampers 8, flows by gravity onto the shipping conveyor 13 and is transported to its destination. At the same time, due to the fact that the scraper conveyor is equipped with a trapezoidal bottom during unloading, with the dampers 16 open, it self-cleanses itself from any seed residues that could be contained in it. The thickness of the layer of seeds in the drying chambers 4 is regulated by a leveling board 19, and the supply of coolant to the drying chambers 5 is controlled by air dampers 12 and the louvered damper of the heat-ventilation unit (not shown in the drawings). If any of the sections 2 is not used, then its air damper 12 is closed.

Thus, when using an open-type loading scraper conveyor with scrapers and a trapezoidal bottom in a sectional batch dryer, its complete self-cleaning is ensured, which prevents, when changing crops (varieties), clogging of newly dried batches of seeds of any crops (varieties) with the remains of previous ones, and the presence devices for regulating the thickness of the seed layer in the form of a rotary or retractable leveling board with a compensation drying chamber ensure the formation of an even layer of wet seeds and eliminate the negative impact of seed drying on the uniformity of their drying over the area of the inclined perforated sieve.

Claims (1)

A sectional batch dryer of an open type, including a frame, inclined sections of the dryer installed on the frame in a row, having the same width between the sides separating them and formed by a drying and sub-drying chamber, separated by height by an inclined perforated sieve, the exit from which ends with an outlet window equipped with flap; an air distribution channel tapering in the direction of movement of the coolant, connected at its wide end to the heat-ventilation unit, and by the side outlets, in which air dampers are installed, to the drying chambers of the dryer sections; a shipping conveyor installed under the outlet windows of the drying chambers, and a loading scraper conveyor installed above the ridge of the dryer with a lower working branch and outlet windows located in its bottom, equipped with or without dampers, characterized in that the loading scraper conveyor is equipped with a trapezoidal bottom with inclined to in the center with walls in the corners and outlet windows between them in the middle, and scrapers of the same shape, and each drying section in the upper loading corner is equipped with a device for regulating the thickness of the seed layer in the form of a rotary or retractable leveling board mounted on a fixed wall, which is connected on the sides to the sides separating the dryer sections, and the upper end - with the lower edge of the inclined wall of the conveyor bottom, located on the side of the shipping conveyor, and forms a compensation drying chamber with the sides of the dryer section.

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