RU2684041C1 - Seed and grain dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: dryer relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to machines for grain drying. Drier comprises drying agent generator, drying chamber formed by inner and outer gas-permeable bodies and end walls, said generator is communicated via gas diffuser with inner chamber body end and chamber loading and unloading means. Additionally, introduced gate between gas line and diffuser, additional drying agent supply line is introduced, consisting of series-connected gas line, gate, diffuser, connecting generator with other end of inner housing of drying chamber, humidity sensors are installed near ends of drying chamber and connected to humidity meters, outputs of which are connected to corresponding inputs of digital comparator, Outputs of inequalities of which are connected to R, S inputs of R, S flip-flop, direct and inverse outputs of which are connected through switches with control inputs of corresponding gates.

EFFECT: invention improves quality of drying, reduces power consumption for drying seeds and grains.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The device relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for drying grain.

The dryer is designed for drying cereals, legumes, cereals and part of fodder crops for seed, food and feed purposes. The device of periodic action, for one download, the moisture content of any source material is brought to the base.

A single-section dryer is known (Maltri V. et al. Drying plants for agricultural purposes: Abridged lane with it. [Text] / V. Maltri, E. Petke, B. Schneider; Lane V.M. Komissarov, Yu.L. Fraeger; Edited by V.G. Evdokimov. - M.: Mechanical Engineering; 1979. - 525 p., Ill. - p. 270), working on heated air to dry elite seeds in bags.

Multi-sectional platforms reach an area of 36 and 80 m ² . They have a length of 9.5 m.

Known platform dryer - SP - 12A (Machines and laboratory equipment for plant breeding in crop production: Handbook. [Text] / Under the general editorship of VM Drinchi - Voronezh: NPO MODEK, 2010 - 432 pp., P. 200).

The SP-12A dryer contains a series-connected electric air heater, a fan, a diffuser, an injection chamber on which a drying chamber is installed, a breathable wall between the chambers, and a removable grill covers the drying chamber. The length of the dryer is 8.2 m.

The disadvantage of these dryers is the large unevenness of moisture of the dried material.

With a large length of the drying chamber, when the drying agent is supplied from one end, it passes through the chamber and loses weight, pressure, and temperature; therefore, drying along the length of the chamber proceeds unevenly. In a rhombic dryer with a length of 7 m, the non-uniformity of drying is more than 7% (Sychugov, NP Mechanization of post-harvest processing of grain and grass seeds [Text] / NP Sychugov, Yu.V. Sychugov, VI Isupov. Ed. N.P. Sychugova. - FGUIPP "Vyatka" Kirov 2003 - 357 p. (247 p.))

A similar non-uniformity of drying is inherent in all dryers in which the length of the drying chamber is 2-3 or more times the rest of the dimensions (platform, floor, rhombic, etc.)

Given that the agrotechnical requirements for drying unevenness are ± 1%, the grain dried on these dryers, to a large extent, loses its food and seed qualities.

Closest to the invention, the technical essence is a rhombic dryer containing a drying chamber formed by internal and external air-permeable housings installed at an adjustable distance from each other, having a diamond shape in cross section, an aeration channel with a shutter located in the lower part of the chamber, a drying hopper located in the upper part of the chamber with a screw conveyor with a drive located along the hopper, an inspection window and a control drain, samplers located on the side walls ax of the outer casing, the end walls of the inner casing are made one blind, and the second is connected by a diffuser to the duct for the drying agent in which the valve is installed, the camera is installed by means of struts and stiffeners on the foundation, and the inner casing is made open, characterized in that it is equipped with a heat insulator with shielding dampers for regulating the exhaust stream of the drying agent, installed with a gap relative to the walls of the outer casing, a distributor of the processed material, located laid in the drying hopper at the place of loading of the material, and a frame with a screw mechanism to ensure vertical movement of the screw conveyor (RF Patent 2067270).

The main disadvantages of the device:

1. The grain moisture control is not automated. Existing control through sampling has the disadvantages of:

a) Samples are taken in different places of the dryer, and with uneven drying, the results are different;

b) It takes time to process samples in the laboratory;

2. The dried grain has a high moisture non-uniformity of 6-8%, with agrotechnical requirements ± 1%. This means that the drying quality is very low, which especially affects seed grain.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality and efficiency of the drying process of seeds and grain.

The goal is achieved in that the dryer containing the generator of the drying agent, the drying chamber formed by the inner and outer gas-permeable bodies and end walls, while each end wall of the inner case is connected through a corresponding diffuser, gate and gas pipe, there are loading and unloading means cameras. A gate between the gas line and the diffuser is additionally introduced into the dryer, an additional supply line of the drying agent is introduced, consisting of a gas line, a gate, a diffuser connected in series, connecting the generator to the other end of the drying chamber’s inner case, humidity sensors are installed near the ends of the drying chamber and connected to the meters humidity, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of a digital comparator, the outputs of the inequalities of which are connected to the R, S inputs of the R, S trigger, direct and inverse outputs to torogo connected through the switches to control inputs of the respective gates.

New significant features of the proposed device.

1. In the known supply line of the drying agent (gas line, diffuser, drying chamber), a gate is inserted between the gas line and the diffuser;

2. Instead of a blind end wall of the drying chamber, an additional supply line of a drying agent from a series-connected diffuser, gate and gas pipeline is introduced.

3. Introduced humidity sensors, moisture meters, digital comparator, R, S trigger, keys.

These new essential features, together with the known ones, ensure uniform drying of grain along the entire length of the drying chamber and make it possible to control the drying process.

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device.

The device shown in FIG. 1, contains a drying agent generator 1, a drying chamber 2, to the respective ends of the inner case of which two drying agent supply lines are connected from the generator 1, containing a gas pipeline 3, a gate 4, a diffuser 5 connected in series and a gas pipeline 6, a gate 7, diffuser 8, in a different line. Humidity sensors 9, 10, installed near the ends of the chamber 2, are connected to the inputs of the moisture meters 11, 12, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the digital comparator 13, the inequality outputs of which are connected respectively to the R and S inputs of the trigger R, S 14, direct and inverse the outputs of which, through the keys 15, 16 are connected to the control inputs of the gates 4 and 7, respectively.

In FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a drying chamber.

The device shown in FIG. 2, contains a hopper 17 for the material to be dried, formed by gas-permeable cylindrical bodies 18, 19 of the inner and outer and end walls 20, 21, while a collector 22 is formed inside the inner case 18, one end 20 of which through the diffuser 5, the gate 4 is connected to the gas pipeline 3 and the second end 21 is connected to the gas pipeline 6 through a diffuser 8, a gate 7. The chamber 2 has means for loading the hopper 17, containing a drying hopper 23 with a drive 24, with a screw conveyor 25 located along the hopper 23 containing the distributor 26 material, located at the place of loading of the material, and a frame 27 with a screw mechanism 28 to ensure vertical movement of the screw conveyor 25, a control drain 29, while the control means include a viewing window 30, samplers 31 and humidity sensors 9, 10, and unloading means contain aeroglood 32, the shutter 33, the camera mount means include a stand 34, a strap 35, a foundation 36.

The basis of the drying chamber 1 is made up of the frames of the inner and outer shells 18, 19. The frame of the outer shell 19 is mounted on the foundation 36 using longitudinal bars and racks 34 with stiffening bars 35. Breathable surfaces of the inner and outer shells and blind end walls form a drying chamber. Horizontal base the inner housing 18 is made open. In the lower part of the outer casing 19, an air chute 32 with a shutter 33 is mounted, and in the upper part there is an open drying hopper 23 with an inspection window 30 and a control drain 29. Along the drying hopper 23, a screw conveyor 25 with a drive mechanism 24 is mounted. The screw conveyor is mounted on a special frame with a screw mechanism 28, which provides the possibility of vertical movement, in addition, special samplers 31 are made in the walls of the outer casing, through which they control the temperature of heating the seeds, end -hand wall 20 of the inner housing 3 connected to the pipeline through a diffuser 5, gate 4, and the end wall 21 is connected to the gas conduit 6, through a diffuser 8, gate 7.

The device operates as follows.

The period of operation of the dryer consists of 3 stages: Stage 1 - loading the drying chamber with material; Stage 2 - drying; Stage 3 - unloading of dried material.

1. Download. Before loading the drying chamber, it is necessary to install a screw conveyor 25 in height using a screw mechanism 28, depending on the initial moisture content of the loaded material. Rotate the handle of the screw mechanism 28 to move the frame 27, and with it the screw conveyor 25 with the drive mechanism 24, along the height of the drying hopper 23. This adjustment allows you to achieve the same moisture content of the material at the end of the drying at the upper and lower layers and eliminates leakage of the drying agent when during shrinkage, the upper boundary of the dried material may be lower than the gas-permeable surface of the inner casing 18. The loaded material is fed into the drying hopper 23 through a special distributor 26 (for example, a similar limiters unloaders of silage RRS-f-50-6). A special distributor 26 eliminates the formation of self-sorting vertical column at the loading point from the wetter components of the grain heap. The longitudinal auger conveyor 25 evenly distributes and levels the feed material over the drying hopper 23. The hopper is considered loaded at the moment when the feed material reaches the level of the control drain 29. The filling of the hopper 23 is controlled through the viewing window 30.

2. Drying. After filling the drying chamber 2, the drying agent generator 1 and the devices controlling the drying process are turned on. The moment of switching on is an abnormal mode of operation of the dryer, so there are two options for starting the operation of the dryer.

=0 открыт шибер 7 и закрыт шибер 4, а при Q=0,

=1 открыт шибер 4 и закрыт шибер 7. В любом случае по газопроводу 6 или 3 агент сушки от генератора 1 поступает в камеру 2, коллектор 22 и проходит через газопроницаемые корпуса 18, 19, пронизывает слой зерна и выходит в атмосферу. В результате этого влага из зерна испаряется, поглощается агентом сушки и удаляется из сушильной камеры 2. Контроль температуры нагрева зерна осуществляется через пробоотборник 31, а влажности через измерители влажности 11, 12. Зерно будет сохнуть быстрее у того торца, где температура и давление выше. Положим, зерно сушится быстрее у торца, с которого подается агент сушки. Положим, состояние триггера 14 Q=1,

=0 открыт шибер 7. С течением времени разница влажности с измерителей 11 и 12 начнет увеличиваться и дойдет до установленного порога. Сработает компаратор 13, на выходе А<В появится сигнал логической единицы, триггер 14 изменит свое состояние и перейдет в Q=0,

=1, закроется шибер 7, откроется шибер 4. Разница влажности с измерителей 11 и 12 начнет уменьшаться пока не изменит знак и не дойдет до противоположного порога А>В, триггер 14 перейдет в состояние Q=1,

=0, откроется шибер 7 и закроется шибер 4. Смена работы шиберов будет циклически повторяться, то есть сушилка перейдет в штатный режим работы.First option. The initial moisture content of the grain is uniform along the dryer. In this case, the moisture meters 11, 12 give the same values to the comparator 13, namely A = B, therefore, at the input of the trigger R = S = 0 and it will store the state it got into when it was turned on. When Q = 1,

= 0, gate 7 is open and gate 4 is closed, and when Q = 0,

= 1, the gate 4 is open and the gate 7 is closed. In any case, the drying agent from the generator 1 enters the chamber 2, the collector 22 and passes through the gas-permeable casings 18, 19 through the gas line 6 or 3, penetrates the grain layer and enters the atmosphere. As a result, moisture from the grain evaporates, is absorbed by the drying agent and is removed from the drying chamber 2. The temperature of heating the grain is controlled through a sampler 31, and humidity through moisture meters 11, 12. The grain will dry faster at the end where the temperature and pressure are higher. Suppose the grain dries faster at the end from which the drying agent is supplied. Suppose trigger state 14 Q = 1,

= 0, gate 7 is open. Over time, the moisture difference from meters 11 and 12 will begin to increase and reach the set threshold. The comparator 13 will work, at the output A <B, a signal of a logical unit will appear, trigger 14 will change its state and go to Q = 0,

= 1, gate 7 closes, gate 4 opens. The moisture difference from meters 11 and 12 begins to decrease until it changes sign and reaches the opposite threshold A> B, trigger 14 goes into state Q = 1,

= 0, the gate 7 opens and the gate 4 closes. The change in the operation of the gates will be repeated cyclically, that is, the dryer will go into normal operation.

The threshold level sets the degree of uniformity of drying and is determined by the low order of the numbers to be compared, so it can be done by almost anyone.

If in some drying chambers the grain dries faster at the end face of the drying agent feed end, then you need to change the inputs to either the comparator 13 or the trigger 14.

The second option. The difference in grain moisture in the region of the sensors 9, 10 exceeds the threshold value. The dryer goes into normal operation.

3. Unloading. After drying, for additional cooling of the grain, close the shutter 33 and supply air to the aeration channel 32. Under the action of an air stream, the grain is cooled, and when the shutter 33 is open, it is discharged from the drying chamber and sent to the secondary cleaning and sorting section via a conveyor.

The list of items in the drawing FIG. 1 to application

Seed and grain dryer

1 - Generator drying agent;

2 - Drying chamber;

3, 6 - Gas pipelines;

4, 7 - gates;

5, 8 - Diffusers;

9, 10 - Humidity sensors;

11, 12 - Moisture meters;

13 - Digital comparator;

14 - R, S trigger;

15, 16 - Keys.

The list of items in the drawing FIG. 2 to the application

Seed and grain dryer

17 - Bunker;

18, 19 - Cases: internal and external;

20, 21 - Ends of the buildings;

22 - Collector;

23 - Drying hopper;

24 - Drive;

25 - auger;

26 - Distributor of dried material;

27 - Frame;

28 - screw mechanism;

29 - Control drain;

30 - Viewing window;

31 - Sampler;

32 - aerial trench;

33 - damper;

34 - Stand;

35 - Stiffness bar;

36 - Foundation

Claims (1)

A dryer containing a drying agent generator, a drying chamber formed by internal and external gas-permeable bodies and end walls, the generator being connected by a gas line through a diffuser to the end of the internal chamber body, there are means for loading and unloading the chamber, characterized in that a gate is inserted between the gas line and the diffuser ; introduced an additional supply line of a drying agent, consisting of a series-connected gas pipeline, gate, diffuser, connecting the generator to the other end of the inner body of the drying chamber; humidity sensors are introduced, installed near the ends of the drying chamber and connected to humidity meters, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of a digital comparator, the inequality outputs of which are connected to the R, S inputs of the trigger, the direct and inverse outputs of which are connected via keys to the control inputs of the corresponding gateways.

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