RU2632951C1 - Double-chamber drier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: dryer comprises a drying agent generator, a gas conduit, a drying chamber comprising a hopper for material to be dried, and having gas-permeable walls connected to at least one gas-permeable wall with a drying agent collector. The chamber has means for loading and unloading the material to be treated, means of its control, means for attaching the chamber to the foundation. The end wall of the chamber is connected to a diffuser. There are heat-insulating gaskets, gates, a control unit and a second drying agent generator, a gas line and the diffuser additionally introduced into the drier. The drier comprises two drying channels, each channel of which contains two heat-insulating gaskets, two gates, a drying chamber. The control unit contains a time generator, a counter, a multiplexer, two switches, an inverter and a switch. Each drying channel contains a drying chamber which, on the one side, through the first diffuser, the slide, the heat insulating gasket, the first gas line is connected to the first generator of the drying agent, and on the other side through the second diffuser, the slide, the heat-insulating gasket, the second gas line is connected to the second generator of drying agent. The output of the control unit time generator is connected to first input of the counter, which second input is connected to the input of first key and through inverter with the input of the second key and the output of the multiplexer. The first input of the multiplexer is connected to the output of the counter, and the second input-to the switch input. The output of first key of control unit is connected to control input of the first slide of first channel and the second slide of the second channel. The output of second key is connected to control input of the first slide of the second channel and the second slide of the first channel.

EFFECT: improved drying quality, reduced its performance time, reduced power consumption.

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Description

The device relates to measuring technique, in particular to technical means for measuring grain moisture during drying.

It is advisable to use multi-chamber dryers when combining chambers gives some additional benefit - it reduces energy costs or drying time.

1. Known two-chamber shaft dryers (SZSh - 16A).

Disadvantages of the dryer:

a) moisture pickup is small in one pass (6%), therefore, a highly moist seed mass must be repeatedly passed through a drying chamber, which leads to grain injury;

b) the impossibility of drying low-flowing heaps, especially with its high humidity;

c) unevenness of drying in the volume of the drying chamber;

d) hard temperature drying;

e) the biological energy of grain is not used.

2. Known dryer with an oscillating dryer (patent RU 2519809 C1, published 06/20/2014, bull. No. 17).

Disadvantages of the dryer:

a) uneven drying. It is due to the uneven supply of the coolant, the uneven arrangement of grain in the dryer and increases due to the periodic switching on and off of the coolant. Since the grain during drying is lowered and raised in layers, and its mixing by the conveyor occurs only inside each layer and only at the ends of the conveyor, the conveyor cannot have a significant effect on the uniformity of drying;

b) hard temperature drying conditions (130 ° C);

d) the heat source (air heater) is used inefficiently - it works less than half the time.

Closest to the invention in technical essence is a rhombic dryer containing a drying chamber formed by internal and external air-permeable housings installed at an adjustable distance from each other, having a rhombus cross-section in shape, an aerial chute with a shutter located in the lower part of the chamber, a drying hopper located in the upper part of the chamber with a screw conveyor with a drive located along the hopper, an inspection window and a control drain, samplers located on the side walls axes of the outer casing, the end walls of the inner casing are one blind, and the second is connected by a diffuser to the duct for the drying agent in which the valve is installed, the camera is installed by means of struts and stiffeners on the foundation, and the inner casing is open, characterized in that it is equipped with a heat insulator with shielding dampers for regulating the exhaust stream of the drying agent, installed with a gap relative to the walls of the outer casing, a distributor of the processed material, located laid in the drying hopper at the place of loading of the material, and a frame with a screw mechanism to ensure vertical movement of the screw conveyor (RF Patent 2067270).

Disadvantages of the dryer:

a) the dryer does not have a device for cooling the dried mass. Attempts to use air ducts for cooling with the choke closed increases the unevenness by 1-2%. This is explained by the fact that the height of the blown column of grain is much greater than the area of the air duct with which it is blown (8-10 times). In addition, the effectiveness of such cooling is negligible;

b) dried grain has a high non-uniformity of moisture along the length of the dryer (6-8%, with agrotechnical requirements ± 1%);

c) the biological energy of grain is not used;

d) the dryer cannot operate in a pulsed mode and with different drying agents (warm air, cold air, ionized air, ozonized air and others).

The purpose of the invention is improving the quality and efficiency of the drying process of grain.

The goal is achieved in that the dryer contains two generators of drying agents, two gas pipelines, two drying channels, a control unit, each drying channel contains two heat-insulating gaskets, two gates, a drying chamber, and the control unit contains a time generator, counter, multiplexer, two a key, an inverter and a switch, wherein each drying channel contains a drying chamber, which on the one hand through the first diffuser, gate, heat-insulating gasket, the first gas pipe is connected to the first generator of the drying agent, and on the other hand cut the second diffuser, gate, heat-insulating gasket, the second gas pipeline is connected to the second drying agent generator, while the output of the time generator of the control unit is connected to the first input of the counter, the second input of which is connected to the input of the first key and through the inverter to the input of the second key and the output of the multiplexer the first input of which is connected to the output of the counter, and the second to the input of the switch, the output of the first key of the control unit is connected to the control input of the first gate of the first channel and the second gate of the second channel, and in the second key stroke is connected to the control input of the first gate of the second channel and the second gate of the first channel, wherein each of the drying chambers is formed by a gas-permeable casing with the processed material adjacent to the collector of the drying agent having at least one common gas-penetrating wall with it, this camera has a means of loading and unloading the processed material, means of its control, means of fastening the camera to the foundation, the end walls of the camera body are connected to diffusers.

New significant features of the invention.

1. Two drying lines are used at the same time, not one;

2. In each line two heat-insulating laying, two gates, the second diffuser are added;

3. Added: gate control unit, second gas pipeline and second drying agent generator.

4. Despite the pulsed drying mode, both generators of the drying agent operate continuously.

The listed new essential features in combination with the known ones provide various drying modes:

1. Continuous drying from any end of the chamber. Drying agents from each end may be the same, but may differ (hot, cold, ionized, ozonized air or some other gas). Even the simultaneous supply of the same drying agent from both ends of the chamber gives a positive effect - the unevenness of humidity of the dried material is reduced;

2. Discrete drying mode. Drying agents alternately change from one and the other end face. Even if the same drying agent (hot air) is supplied alternately from both ends, the unevenness of drying will decrease sharply. Since there can be many drying agents, and there are even more combinations between them, it is possible for each type of material to choose the optimal drying mode for it;

3. Pulse drying is based on two well-known facts:

a) a short-term increase in the temperature of the dried material with its subsequent cooling reduces the drying time by 30-35%, which is equivalent to an increase in the speed of the drying agent by 1.3 times and a decrease in energy intensity by 21%. This effect is possible when in one chamber there is a cooling of the dried material, then in another it will be heated and vice versa;

b) grain is a living organism, and like any living organism, when it gets into unfavorable external conditions, it begins to struggle with them, but when all the forces for struggle are expended, it begins to adapt to them. For grain, these are two phases of drying. The initial phase - the grain releases moisture to the surface in order to maintain thermal balance due to its evaporation. The second phase - the grain cannot maintain the heat balance - it begins to heat up. Therefore, if after the first phase the grain is cooled, then with the resumption of heating it will again intensively evaporate moisture. Studies of various authors (Gracheva NN Bioenergy potential of grain drying / NN Gracheva // Electrotechnologies and electrical equipment in agricultural production. Collection of scientific papers. - Zernograd: FSEI HPE AChGAA, 2004. - Issue 4. Volume 2 - p. 117-121) show that the activity of grains during cyclic drying reduces the drying time by 30%, which is equivalent to an increase in the speed of the drying agent by 1.3 times and a decrease in energy intensity by 21%.

The application of these modes reduces the unevenness of moisture of dried grain and drying time, which, in turn, improves the sowing quality of seeds and leads to a decrease in fuel consumption and energy:

All these modes are possible only if there are two feed channels for the drying agent and control of the drying time.

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device.

The device shown in FIG. 1, contains the drying agent generators 1, 2 - the first and second, gas pipelines 3, 4 - the first and second, two drying channels, the first of which contains the first heat-insulating gasket 5, the gate 6, the diffuser 7, the drying chamber 8, the second diffuser 9, the gate 10, the gasket 11 is heat-insulating, and the second channel contains the first gasket 12 heat-insulating, the gate 13, the diffuser 14, the second drying chamber 15, the diffuser 16, the gate 17, the gasket 18 heat-insulating, while the outputs of the drying generators 1, 2 are connected respectively to the inputs of the gas pipelines 3, 4, and the first outlet of the first gas pipeline 3 Through the first gasket 5, the gate 6, the diffuser 7, the chamber 8, the second diffuser 9, the gate 10, the gasket 11 is connected to the first outlet of the second gas pipeline 4, the second outlet of which through the second gasket 18, the gate 17, the diffuser 16, the chamber 15 and through the first the diffuser 14, the gate 13, the gasket 12 is connected to the second output of the first gas pipeline 3, while the output of the first key of the control unit is connected to the control input of the first gate of the first channel and the second gate of the second channel, and the output of the second key is connected to the control input of the first gate of the second channel and second gate a first channel

In FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a control unit.

The device shown in FIG. 2, comprises a time generator 20, a counter 21, a multiplexer 22, switches 23, 24 first and second, an inverter 25, a switch 26, while the output of the generator 20 is connected to the first input of the counter 21, the second input of which is connected to the input of the first key 23 and through the inverter 25 - with the input of the second key 24 and the output of the multiplexer 22, the first input of which is connected to the output of the counter 21, and the second to the output of the switch 26.

The proposed device can work with the chambers of many dryers - platform, carousel, triangular, rhombic. Consider his work with the chambers of a rhombic dryer.

In FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a drying chamber.

The device shown in FIG. 3, comprises a hopper 27 for a dried material formed by gas-permeable cylindrical surfaces 28, 29 of the inner and outer and end walls 30, 31, while a collector 32 for a drying agent is formed inside the inner surface 28, which has means for connecting to a drying agent generator, there are means loading hopper 27, containing a drying hopper 33 with a drive 34, with a screw conveyor 35 located along the hopper 33, containing the distributor 36 of the processed material located at the place of loading of the material, and a frame 37 with a screw mechanism 38 for ensuring vertical movement of the screw conveyor 35, a control drain 39, while the control means contain an inspection window 40, samplers 41, and the unloading means contain an aeration channel 42, a shutter 43, camera mounts include a stand 44, a strap 45, foundation 46.

The device operates as follows.

The batch device in one load, the moisture content of any source material is brought to the base. The period of action of the dryer consists of 3 cycles: 1 - cycle loading material of the drying chambers; 2 - drying cycle; 3 - cycle unloading of dried material.

Before loading each of the drying chambers 8, 15, it is necessary to install a screw conveyor 35 in height using a screw mechanism 38, depending on the initial moisture content of the loaded material. Rotate the handle of the screw mechanism 38 to move the frame 37, and with it the screw conveyor 35 with the drive mechanism 34 along the height of the drying hopper 33. This adjustment allows you to achieve the same moisture content of the material at the end of drying at the upper and lower layers and eliminates leakage of coolant when shrinkage the upper boundary of the dried material may be lower than the breathable surface of the inner rhombus 28. The feed material is fed into the drying hopper 27 through a special distributor 36 (for example, a similar to distributors-unloaders of haylage РРС-ф-50-6). A special distributor 36 eliminates the formation of self-sorting of a vertical column at the loading point from the wetter components of the grain heap. The longitudinal auger conveyor 35 evenly distributes and levels the feed material over the drying hopper 27. The hopper is considered loaded at the moment when the feed material reaches the level of the control drain 39. The filling of the hopper 27 is controlled through the viewing window 40.

After filling the drying chambers 8, 15 with the drying material, the generators 3, 4 of the drying agents and the time generator 20, which sets the minimum duration intervals, are turned on. The feedback of the cyclic counter 21 includes a multiplexer 22, which increases the intervals produced by the generator 20 by a multiple of times. The multiplicity of the increase in the intervals is set by the switch 26. After the multiplexer, the signals are amplified by the keys 23, 24 and fed to the gate - from the key 23 to the gate 6, 17 , and from the key 24 to the sliders 10, 13. Since the keys 23, 24 must be in antiphase, the inverter 25 is in front of the key 24. The heat-insulating gaskets 5, 11, 12, 17 are installed to reduce the influence of the cyclic temperature change in the chambers 8, 15 on gas pipelines 3, 4.

We suggest drying cycles to take five minutes of heating the grain at a temperature of 70 ° C and five minutes of cooling with outside air. The number of cycles is determined by the readiness of the grain. In this case, due to the high temperature, the drying process is accelerated by 27%. In addition to this acceleration, there will be acceleration due to the use of the biological energy of the grains.

The list of items in the drawing FIG. 1 to application

Two-chamber dryer

1, 2 - Drying agent generators;

3, 4 - Gas pipelines;

5, 11, 12, 18 - Thermal insulation pads;

6, 10, 13, 17 - Gates;

7, 9, 14, 16 - Diffusers;

8, 15 - Drying chambers;

19 - Control unit.

The list of items in the drawing FIG. 2 to the application

Two-chamber dryer

20 - Time Generator;

21 - counter;

22 - Multiplexer;

23, 24 - Keys;

25 - Inverter;

26 - Switch.

The list of items in the drawing FIG. 3 to the application

Two-chamber dryer

27 - Bunker;

28, 29 - Gas pipelines;

30, 31 - End walls;

32 - Collector; Rack;

33 - Drying hopper;

34 - Drive;

35 - auger;

36 - Distributor of dried material;

37 - Frame;

38 - screw mechanism;

39 - Control drain;

40 - Viewing window;

41 - Sampler;

42 - aerial trench;

43 - damper;

44 - Stand;

45 - Stiffness bar;

46 - Foundation.

Claims (1)

A two-chamber dryer containing a drying agent generator, a gas pipeline, a drying chamber having a hopper for dried material, containing gas permeable walls and connected by at least one gas permeable wall to a drying agent collector, the chamber having means for loading and unloading the processed material, means for controlling it, means fixing the camera to the foundation, the end wall of the camera is connected to a diffuser, characterized in that heat-insulating gaskets, gates, a control unit and second generators are introduced into the dryer a drying agent, a gas pipeline, a diffuser, and the dryer contains two drying channels, each channel of which contains two heat-insulating gaskets, two gates, a drying chamber, and the control unit contains a time generator, counter, multiplexer, two keys, an inverter and a switch, each channel the drying chamber contains a drying chamber, which is connected on the one hand through the first diffuser, gate, heat-insulating gasket and the first gas line to the first drying agent generator, and on the other hand, through the second diffuser, gate, heat-insulating masonry, the second gas pipeline is connected to the second generator of the drying agent, the output of the time generator of the control unit is connected to the first input of the counter, the second input of which is connected to the input of the first key and through an inverter with the input of the second key and the output of the multiplexer, the first input of which is connected to the output of the counter, and the second one is with the switch input, the output of the first key of the control unit is connected to the control input of the first gate of the first channel and the second gate of the second channel, and the output of the second key is connected to the control input of the first the second gate of the second channel and the second gate of the first channel.

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