RU219573U1 - Rhombic grain and seed dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to machines for drying grain and seeds. The rhombic dryer for grain and seeds contains a drying agent generator, a drying chamber connected by its end gas-permeable walls to the drying agent generator by means of gas pipelines with gates and diffusers; using a cable with two winches rigidly fixed on the end walls of the drying chamber. The utility model should provide an increase in the efficiency of the process of drying grain and seeds, regardless of the volume (degree) of filling the drying chamber and ensure immediate drying of any batch of wet grain heap. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to machines for drying grain and seeds.

Known rotary dryer for grain [EN 2118772, F 26 B 15/04], containing formed by the outer and inner fence and perforated bottom of the drying chamber, and the perforated bottom is made in the form of a carousel platform mounted on the side and central supports with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane , an air duct for supplying heat carrier is connected to the window of the outer fence.

The disadvantages of the given rotary dryer are:

1. The process of drying grain and seeds is possible only after the drying chamber is completely filled. This makes it impossible to dry small (small) batches of seed material (eg grass seeds). When the drying chamber is loaded for a long time, the first batches of wet grain may be spoiled, which will ultimately lead to the loss of nutritional, fodder and sowing qualities of grain and seeds.

2. High uneven drying of the material due to the lateral one-sided supply of the coolant.

3. Significant energy costs for driving the rotation of the carousel platform with the material to be dried loaded into the drying chamber.

Known aeroslide [RU 2136137, F25B 25/08; B65D 88/70], intended for temporary storage with active ventilation or for drying the seed heap of grain, fodder, industrial and other crops, as well as the coarsely ground mass of the above crops, followed by mechanized unloading in various production lines for post-harvest processing of a heterogeneous mass.

The disadvantages of the air slide are:

1. Just like the previous analogue, the process of drying grain and seeds is possible only after the drying chamber is completely filled. This makes it impossible to dry small (small) batches of seed material (eg grass seeds). When the drying chamber is loaded for a long time, the first batches of wet grain may be spoiled, which will ultimately lead to the loss of nutritional, fodder and sowing qualities of grain and seeds.

2. High uneven drying of the material due to the lower one-sided supply of the coolant.

Also known aeroslide for drying bulk materials [RU 2259527, F26B 17/10], containing a hopper made with inclined side, rear and front walls, the bottom of the air grilles and dividers, air duct with a combustion unit and a fan, an unloading window with a damper, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency and economy of the drying process, a chain-scraper leveling conveyor is installed with a mechanism for adjusting it in height and a sensor for the level of the drying material, a cut-off device is installed between the chain-scraper leveling conveyor and air separation grilles, including louvered boxes, a carriage with shelves, a mechanism for the reciprocating movement of the carriage and a mechanism for adjusting the carriage in height.

The disadvantages of the air slide for drying bulk materials are:

1. Just like the previous analogues, the process of drying grain and seeds is possible only after the drying chamber is completely filled. This makes it impossible to dry small (small) batches of seed material (eg grass seeds). When the drying chamber is loaded for a long time, the first batches of wet grain may be spoiled, which will ultimately lead to the loss of nutritional, fodder and sowing qualities of grain and seeds.

2. High uneven drying of the material due to the lower one-sided supply of the coolant.

Closest to the utility model is a dryer for seeds and grains [RU 2684041, F26B 9/06; F26B 25/22], containing a drying agent generator, a drying chamber connected by its end gas-permeable walls to the drying agent generator through gas pipelines with dampers and diffusers, inside the drying chamber, near its ends, humidity sensors are installed, the electrical outputs of which are connected to the electrical inputs of a digital comparator, the outputs of the inequalities of which are connected to the R, S inputs of the trigger, the direct and inverse outputs of the latter are connected through keys to the control inputs of the corresponding gates.

The disadvantage of this seed and grain dryer is that the process of drying grain and seeds is possible only after the drying chamber is completely filled. This makes it impossible to dry small (small) batches of seed material (eg grass seeds). When the drying chamber is loaded for a long time, the first batches of wet grain may be spoiled, which will ultimately lead to the loss of nutritional, fodder and sowing qualities of grain and seeds.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of the drying process of grain and seeds, regardless of the volume (degree) of filling the drying chamber and to ensure immediate drying of any batch of wet grain heap.

This problem is solved due to the fact that a rhombic grain and seed dryer containing a drying agent generator, a drying chamber connected by its end gas-permeable walls to a drying agent generator by means of gas pipelines with gates and diffusers, moisture sensors, electric the outputs of which are connected to the electrical inputs of the respective moisture meters, the electrical outputs of the latter are connected to a digital comparator, the outputs of the inequalities of which are connected to the R, S inputs of the trigger, the direct and inverse outputs of which are connected through keys to the control inputs of the corresponding gates, and in the internal gas-permeable rhombus of the drying chamber additionally, a limiter-flap is installed with the ability to move along the guides on rollers, connected by means of a cable with two winches, rigidly fixed on the end walls of the drying chamber.

This allows you to start feeding the drying agent into the drying chamber immediately upon receipt of the initial batch of grain and seeds, limiting the volume with a restrictor-damper and increasing the volume of the drying chamber as the next batches of material arrive. This innovation ensures the continuity of the process, which is very important for ventilation (drying) from the moment of loading the processed material to the unloading of the prepared, according to the requirements, loaded grain, and thereby increases the efficiency and daily productivity of the rhombic grain and seed dryer. And the immediate processing of the wet grain heap coming for drying makes it possible to improve the quality of the resulting grain and seeds.

New significant features:

1. In the inner gas-permeable rhombus of the drying chamber, a limiter-flap is installed.

2. The damper limiter is installed with the possibility of moving on rollers along the guides.

3. The damper limiter is connected by means of a cable to two winches, each of which is rigidly fixed on the opposite end walls of the drying chamber.

The listed new essential features, together with the known ones, make it possible to obtain a technical result in all cases covered by the scope of legal protection.

Technical result

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of the drying process, the productivity of the rhombic dryer, as well as in improving the quality of the grain and seeds obtained, due to the fact that a limiter-flap is installed in the inner gas-permeable rhombus of the drying chamber with the ability to move along the guides on rollers and connected with a cable with two winches, each of which is rigidly fixed on the opposite end walls of the drying chamber.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by the following drawing: the figure schematically shows a rhombic grain and seed dryer.

The rhombic grain and seed dryer contains a drying agent generator 1 (figure), a drying chamber 2, to one end wall of which, through a gas pipeline 3 with a gate 4 and a diffuser 5, a drying agent generator 1 is connected, similarly to the opposite end wall of the drying chamber 2, also using gas pipeline 6 with a gate valve 7 and a diffuser 8, a drying agent generator 1 is connected. Inside the drying chamber 2, humidity sensors 9 and 10 are installed near its both end walls, the electrical outputs of which are connected to the electrical inputs of the respective moisture meters 11 and 12, and their electrical outputs are connected to digital comparator 13, the outputs of the inequalities of which are connected to the R, S inputs of the trigger 14. The direct and inverse trigger outputs, through the keys 15, 16, are connected to the control inputs of the gates 4 and 7, respectively. In the inner gas-permeable rhombus 17 of the drying chamber 2, a limiter-flap 18 is installed with the ability to move along the guides 19 on rollers 20. The limiter-flap 18 is connected by means of a cable 21 to two winches 22, each of which is rigidly fixed on the opposite end walls of the drying chamber 2.

Rhombic grain and seed dryer works as follows.

Taking into account the incoming volumes of dried grain material, the limiter-flap 18, moving on rollers 20 along guides 19 with the help of winches 22 and a cable 21, limits the volume of the internal gas-permeable rhombus 17 in accordance with the volume of the grain heap loaded into the drying chamber 2. When a signal is received from the humidity sensor 10 through the moisture meter 12 to the digital comparator 13, the trigger 14 through the key 16 opens the gate 7, directing the flow of the drying agent from the generator of the drying agent 1 through the gas pipeline 6 and the diffuser 8 into the internal gas-permeable rhombus 17. The drying agent from the internal gas-permeable diamond 17 enters the drying chamber 2, passing through a wet grain heap. As a result of the process of moisture and mass transfer, moisture from the wet grain heap is transferred to the drying agent, which is removed from the drying chamber 2. The process of drying the grain heap is controlled using a sensor 10 and a moisture meter 12. When the standard grain moisture content (14%) is reached, the comparator 13 through the trigger 14 and the key 16 closes the gate 7, stopping the flow of the drying agent into the drying chamber. The drying process of a limited amount of grain heap is completed, and it can be unloaded from the dryer chamber for further processing.

When drying high-moisture grain material, for example, with a moisture content of 27-30 percent or more, when drying in several stages is more efficient and grain resting is necessary to redistribute moisture inside the grain, a rhombic grain and seed dryer can work as follows. With a decrease in the drying rate of the grain material in the drying chamber 2, fixed by the humidity sensor 9 and the moisture meter 12, the comparator 13 and the trigger 14 through the key 16, the access of the drying agent to the drying chamber is terminated. The resting mode continues until the internal moisture from the grains passes into the surface layers of the grains. Then the gate 7 opens and the access of the drying agent to the drying chamber 2 is provided.

The same modes can be performed in the second half of the drying chamber 2. Where another batch of wet grain material can also be loaded, and the drying process is carried out in a similar way.

This allows you to start supplying the drying agent to the drying chamber 2 immediately upon receipt of the initial batch of grain and seeds, limiting the volume with a restrictor-flap 18 and increasing the volume of the drying chamber 2 as the next batches of material arrive. The proposed utility model ensures the continuity of the process, which is very important for ventilation (drying) from the moment of loading the processed material to the unloading of the prepared, according to the requirements, loaded grain, and thereby increases the efficiency and daily productivity of the rhombic grain and seed dryer. And the immediate processing of the wet grain heap coming for drying makes it possible to improve the quality of the resulting grain and seeds.

Claims (1)

A rhombic dryer for grain and seeds, containing a drying agent generator, a drying chamber connected by its end gas-permeable walls to the drying agent generator through gas pipelines with gates and diffusers, inside the drying chamber near both end walls of the drying chamber, humidity sensors are installed, the electrical outputs of which are connected to the electrical inputs of the corresponding moisture meters, the electrical outputs of the latter are connected to a digital comparator, the outputs of which are connected to the R, S inputs of the trigger, the direct and inverse outputs of which are connected through keys to the control inputs of the corresponding gates, characterized in that a limiter-flap is installed in the inner gas-permeable rhombus of the drying chamber with the ability to move along the guides on rollers and connected by means of a cable with two winches, each of which is rigidly fixed on the opposite end walls of the drying chamber.