RU2388886C2 - Method to load/unload loose material for its sorting, drying, storing and further processing and process line to this end, and loose material storage, method of drying loose foodstuffs and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in agriculture for drying and storing grain cultures. Proposed method consists in that loading and unloading of loose material is performed by gravity feed. Note here that there are chutes, vent tubes, storage and hopper inclined bottoms arranged at an angle that allows gravity feed. Note also that storage tanks are loaded and discharge in whatever order, but, to prevent avalanche formation, unloading is initiated starting from the tank top. Collectors and branch pipes are intended for distributed loose material by gravity feed.

EFFECT: expanded performances, uniform distribution and prevention of mixing.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method of unloading and loading during continuous sorting, drying of bulk and granular materials in a rotary drying chamber and storing it in a storage with an inclined bottom and for further processing, can be used in agriculture for drying and storage of grain.

It is known to store bulk materials, including a tank with a bottom having inclined parts and enclosing inclined walls that are mounted on a supporting element in the form of a gallery, equipped with additional containers, some of which are installed on additional supporting elements in the form of galleries and connected to each other and to the main container along the contact lines, and the remaining additional containers are installed on the main one, part of the additional containers are supported on them, and openings are made in the enclosing inclined walls of adjacent containers i. Material is unloaded by conveyors placed in galleries [1].

The reason that impedes the receipt of the technical result indicated below when using a known storage facility is the increased cost of loading and unloading material.

A known method of drying bulk food in a drum-type installation, providing for their processing with a heated mixture of fresh air and part of the spent drying unit, in which, after separation into parts of the spent drying agent, part of the latter with higher thermal parameters is introduced into the fresh air supply, measurements are made and their comparison with the subsequent regulation of the humidity of the flow of the resulting mixture fed to the entrance to the drying chamber by changing the amount of introduced cha whith exhaust drying agent with higher thermal parameters [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the dispersion in moisture content of the final product due to various temporary conditions of heat exchange, as well as mass transfer between the particles of the material and the hot coolant due to the uneven distribution of the dried material over the cross section of the drum.

A device for drying bulk and granular materials, mainly sunflower seeds, containing an oblique mounted rotating drum, in front of which there is a distribution device with a set of horizontal blades, sector nozzles and a reflector, in order to ensure uniform distribution of the processed product across the drum cross section and increase the productivity of the device . The distribution device is made in the form of inclined spiral blades with an angle of inclination of 50-60 degrees relative to the axis of the drum, and their number is equal to the number of horizontal blades [3].

The disadvantage of a dryer and a device for drying bulk and granular materials is the incomplete use of heat carrier fluid, the inefficient use of its internal volume due to the uneven distribution of the dried material over the cross section of the drum.

Known screw dryer containing located in the inner cavity of the housing with loading and unloading nozzles, heater, suction augers with its own drive, consisting of several parts, as well as a register connected at the inlet to a nitrogen source, and at the outlet with perforations to the inner cavity cases, parts of the screw are located one above the other, and the heater is made in the form of steam registers [4].

The dryer has the following disadvantage: for the screw to rotate relative to the trough, a gap is necessary in which part of the material that is in contact with the coolant for a longer time falls, this leads to drying out and disruption of the powder drying process.

The main task to be solved by the claimed method of loading and unloading bulk material for sorting, drying, storage, and further processing, a production line for its implementation, a storage of bulk materials, a method of drying bulk food and a device for its implementation, is to create a point sorting, drying, storage and processing of grain with increased productivity at low energy consumption.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed group of inventions is the expansion of technological capabilities due to the loading and unloading of grain for processing by gravity, as well as ensuring uniform distribution of material during processing and preventing its mixing.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of loading and unloading bulk material for sorting, drying, storage, and further processing according to the invention, unloading and loading of bulk material is carried out by gravity, while the existing gutters, ventilation pipes, inclined bottoms of the storage and hopper are located under angle at which the loading and unloading of material is carried out by gravity, and the storage tanks are loaded and unloaded without following the order, but to prevent avalanche In the process of formation, material is unloaded starting from the upper part of the tank, and collectors and nozzles are designed for pouring loose material by gravity.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the processing line for implementing the proposed method is located on a natural slope of the earth and contains, sequentially located storage hopper, sorting machine, dryer, storage, mill, which are connected by unloading and loading chutes; the storage hopper has enclosing walls, a loading hatch, an inclined bottom, an unloading pipe with an adjustable shutter.

The bulk materials storage has a bottom, enclosing walls, a cover on the supporting elements, while it contains an inclined bottom and partitions forming separate containers, loading hatches, a loading manifold that has shutters and is connected to a loading chute containing bypass windows with reflectors, an unloading collector equipped with dampers, a dispenser and connected to ventilation pipes that have valves, while the latter are located in the same tank and are connected by a cable, the storage tanks are equipped with sensors epla and humidity and ventilation through ventilation tube made of bulk materials handling gaseous vapor and discharging material from the storage tanks.

The method of drying bulk food introduced in parts into the drying chamber according to the invention, in order to improve the quality of drying, by creating non-miscible parts of the mass of product introduced into the drying chamber and located in the pipe between the turns of the spiral element for contact with the coolant, measuring the moisture content of the processed product at the outlet of the drying chamber, compare the measured humidity value with a predetermined one, followed by humidity control, by changing the mass parts of the product introduced at the entrance to the drying chamber.

In another embodiment, the moisture content of the processed product is measured at the outlet of the drying chamber, the measured humidity value is compared with a predetermined one, followed by humidity control, by changing the residence time of the processed product in contact with the coolant, by changing the rotation speed of the drying chamber, considering that the drying product for one revolution of the drying chamber moves a distance equal to the distance between adjacent turns of the spiral element.

A device for implementing the method of drying bulk food products is a screw dryer containing a drying chamber with loading and unloading nozzles, a heat source, while the dryer contains a drying chamber with the possibility of rotation on the hollow axes, through which a heat source, ventilation windows, loading nozzle are introduced into the chamber with a dispenser made in the form of a tank having an inclined bottom with a bypass window and adjustable enclosing sides, an unloading nozzle, inside the drying chamber is rigidly closed the pipes are equipped with a rigidly fixed spiral element inside which coincides through one pipe in the direction of rotation, the remaining pipes have a spiral element with the opposite direction of rotation, and for the first pipe the direction of rotation of the spiral element is opposite to the direction of rotation of the dryer chamber carried out from a drive with a variator, while the helical line of the screw turns of the spiral element with the inner surface of the pipe forms a continuous th surface.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the loading and unloading of bulk material in the processing line for sorting, drying, storage and processing of grain.

In Fig.2 - view A in Fig.1 - storage of bulk materials.

Figure 3 and 4 - screw dryer.

Figure 5 is a view In figure 3.

The technological line for sorting, drying, storing and processing grain is located on a natural slope of the earth, it contains sequentially located storage hopper 1, sorting machine 2, dryer 3, storage 4, mill 5, which are connected by unloading and loading chutes 6, 7, 8 and 9 The storage hopper 1 has enclosing walls 10, a loading hatch 11, an inclined bottom 12 and an unloading pipe 13 with an adjustable shutter 14.

The storehouse 4 has enclosing walls 15, an inclined bottom 16, loading hatches 17, 18 and partitions 19, 20, the latter form separate containers 21, 22, 23. The storehouse contains a roof 24 on the supporting elements, a loading manifold 25, which has shutters 26, 27 and is connected with loading chutes 28 containing bypass windows 29 with reflectors 30, the unloading manifold 31 is provided with shutters 32, 33 and connected with perforated ventilation pipes 34, which have valves 35, the latter being located in one container and connected by a cable 36. Capacity x the shelters 21, 22, 23 are equipped with heat and humidity sensors 37.

The screw dryer contains a drying chamber 38 rotatably from the drive 39 with a variator 40 on the hollow axles 41 through which a heat source 42, ventilation windows 43, a loading nozzle 44 with a dispenser made in the form of a tank 45 having an inclined bottom 46 s are introduced into the chamber by-pass window 47 and adjustable enclosing sides 48, discharge pipe 49, inside the chamber 38 are rigidly fixed and serially connected by pipes 50, 51 to each other perforated pipes 52, 53, 54, provided inside with a rigidly fixed spiral element 55, 56, 57, coinciding through one pipe in the direction of rotation, the remaining pipes have a spiral element with an opposite direction of rotation, while the screw line 58 of the screw turns with the inner surface of the pipe forms a continuous surface, and the angle of inclination of the screw line b of the screw turns with respect to to the axis of the perforated pipe should be greater than the angle of repose of grain flow.

The processing line for sorting, drying, storage and processing of grain works as follows, grain from the combine after weighing is loaded into the storage hopper, then through the unloading nozzle and an adjustable shutter the optimal amount falls on the gutter, through which gravity is poured for processing into the sorting machine, from the last grain by gravity it enters the tank by gravity, the heat source turns on, the dryer chamber warms up to a certain temperature, then the drive turns on, the dryer starts to rotate the first chamber together with the discharge and loading nozzle with the metering unit, the latter, in the lower position, with the help of the metering unit captures a certain part of the grain from the tank and continues to rotate, at this time the grain is poured through the nozzle into the chamber, gets inside the first perforated pipe and is located in the bottom parts between the first and second turns of the spiral element, the angle of inclination of which is greater than the angle of repose of grain, and the direction of twist is opposite to the direction of rotation of the dryer chamber, in Naturally, one revolution and pipes with a spiral element are made with the latter, as a result, the grain is poured into the gap between the second and third turns of the spiral element, at this time the loading nozzle, making one revolution, again captures a certain part of the grain from the tank and, continuing to rotate, moves to the upper position, at this time the grain is poured through the nozzle into the chamber, gets inside the first perforated pipe and is located in the lower part between the first and second turns of the spiral element, etc. The drying chamber continues to rotate, the grain in separate parts in the perforated pipe is located between the coils of the spiral element, which during drying does not mix with each other and moves from right to left and, reaching the bypass pipe, flows by gravity from the first pipe, which at that time is in the upper part drying chamber, in the second pipe, which is at this time in the lower part of the chamber, the drying material enters the second perforated pipe and is located in the lower part between the first and second m turns of the spiral element, the spin direction of which is opposite to the direction of the spiral element of the first pipe, as a result, the drying material placed between the turns of the spiral element of the second pipe moves from left to right, that is, in the opposite direction with respect to the direction of grain movement in the first pipe . The dryer chamber continues to rotate, during this time, the grain in the second pipe moved with a spiral element to the bypass pipe, at which time the second pipe is in the upper part of the dryer chamber and the drying material flows by gravity through the pipe into the third pipe, which is at that time the lower part of the chamber, and the direction of the twist of the spiral element of the third pipe coincides with the direction of the twist of the spiral element of the first pipe, and hence the direction of grain movement by the spiral element I in the first pipe, i.e. from right to left, and before reaching the discharge pipe, which at this time is in the lower position, is removed from the cavity by gravity into the chute pipe with a sensor by means of which determine the relative humidity of the processed material. If the moisture deviates upward from the maximum set value, the mass of the parts of the drying material is reduced with the help of a dispenser. When the moisture deviates in the direction of decreasing humidity from the limit value by means of a drive, the rotation speed of the dryer is increased, thereby reducing the residence time of the processed material in contact with the coolant.

Grain (wheat) of a given moisture content through the chute by gravity through the loading collector, the open shutter, the loading hatch enters the loading chute of the storage, through which by gravity through the bypass windows it begins to fill the lower storage capacity from the lower part, since the bypass reflectors prevent grain from spilling in other parts storage facilities. To store another type of grain (barley) above, before the partition separating the two containers, the trough along which the lower container was filled, they are disconnected, as a result, starting from the bottom, in the same way, the other container located above is filled by gravity. Accordingly, grain and ventilation pipes, through which the grain is ventilated, treated with gaseous preparations, and also unloading grain from storage tanks, which is carried out without following the sequence, but in a certain order, were filled with grain. To prevent the avalanche of grain unloading for further processing begins with the upper part of the tank by opening the upper valve of the ventilation pipe with a cable. Grain is sprinkled by gravity into the collector through an open damper, a dispenser, it enters the gutter, through which it is gravity fed into the mill or for further processing. When the valve is closed, the grain stops unloading from the store.

The unity of the invention is observed, since loading and unloading of bulk material is carried out by gravity both in sorting machines, a dryer, and in storage, as well as for further processing. This can significantly reduce the mechanical work and human labor for loading and unloading grain, thereby reducing the cost of these works and increasing productivity, while sorting machines will undergo structural changes, their metal consumption will decrease, and the need for grain loaders will disappear, equipment costs will decrease. and for electricity.

The screw dryer of this design allows the drying material to be processed in separate batches that are not miscible with each other, this leads to an increase in the quality of drying by reducing the dispersion of the material by humidity.

Information sources

1. USSR author's certificate No. 857408, cl. E04H 7/22, 1981.

2. RF patent №2003009, cl. F26B 11/04, 1993.

3. USSR copyright certificate No. 863962, class. F26B 11/04, 1981.

4. RF patent No. 2053470, cl. F26B 17/20, 1991.

Claims (6)

1. The method of loading and unloading bulk material for sorting, drying, storage, and further processing, characterized in that the unloading and loading of bulk material is carried out by gravity, while having gutters, ventilation pipes, inclined bottoms of the storage and bins are located at an angle, where the loading and unloading of material is carried out by gravity, and the storage tanks are loaded and unloaded without priority, but to prevent avalanche, the material is unloaded from the top s part of the tank and the collectors and pipes are designed for oversleeping bulk material by gravity. 2. The production line for implementing the proposed method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is located on a natural slope of the earth and contains a storage hopper, sorting machine, dryer, storage, mill, which are connected by unloading and loading chutes, and the storage hopper has enclosing walls , loading hatch, tilted bottom, discharge nozzle with adjustable shutter. 3. The storage of bulk materials has a bottom, enclosing walls, a roof on the supporting elements, characterized in that it contains an inclined bottom and partitions forming separate containers, loading hatches, a loading manifold that has shutters and is connected to a loading chute containing bypass windows with reflectors, the discharge manifold is equipped with dampers, a dispenser and is connected to ventilation pipes that have valves, while the latter, located in the same tank, are interconnected by a cable, the storage tanks are equipped with enes heat and humidity sensors, and through the air ventilation tubes made of bulk materials handling gaseous drugs and discharging material from the storage tanks. 4. The method of drying bulk food introduced by parts into the drying chamber, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of drying by creating immiscible parts of the mass of product introduced into the drying chamber and located in the pipe between the turns of the spiral element for contact with the coolant, they measure the moisture content of the processed product at the outlet of the drying chamber, compare the measured humidity value with a predetermined value, followed by humidity control by changing the mass of parts odukta introduced at the inlet of the drying chamber. 5. The method of drying bulk food introduced by parts into the drying chamber, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of drying by creating immiscible parts of the mass of product introduced into the drying chamber and placed in the pipe between the turns of the spiral element for contact with the coolant, they measure the moisture content of the processed product at the outlet of the drying chamber, compare the measured humidity value with a predetermined value, followed by humidity control by changing the time the processed product in contact with the coolant due to a change in the rotation speed of the drying chamber, taking into account that the drying product is moved at a distance equal to the distance between adjacent turns of the spiral element during one revolution of the drying chamber. 6. A device for implementing the method of drying bulk food products is a screw dryer containing a drying chamber with loading and unloading nozzles, a heat source, characterized in that the dryer contains a drying chamber for rotation on hollow axles through which a heat source is introduced, ventilation windows, a loading nozzle with a dispenser made in the form of a tank having an inclined bottom with a bypass window and adjustable enclosing sides, are rigidly fixed inside the drying chamber and consequently, the pipes are interconnected by pipes, provided inside with a rigidly fixed spiral element coinciding through one pipe in the direction of rotation, the remaining pipes have a spiral element with the opposite direction of rotation, and at the first pipe the direction of rotation of the spiral element is opposite to the direction of rotation of the dryer chamber, carried out from a drive with a variator, while the helical line of the screw turns of the spiral element with the inner surface of the pipe forms a continuous turn shit.

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