RU2259527C2 - Aerochute for drying of free-flowing materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural machinery industry, in particular, drying of free-flowing materials, for example, grain.

SUBSTANCE: the aerochute has a chamber, bottom of air-distributing grates and dissectors, shutter for adjustment of material delivery from the feed bin, chain-drag leveling transporter with a height adjustment mechanism and a level detector (for example, similar to the detector of the machine for seed pickling SP-10) of the drying material. A device for shut off of the dried lower layer is installed between the transporter and air-distributing grates, it includes louver boxes, carriage with shelves, carriage reciprocating motion mechanism, mechanism for carriage adjustment in height, furnace unit and a fan for supply of the heat-transfer agent through the channel into the chamber that has a shutter of the unloading window, tray with on inspection window.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and economy of the drying process.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to installations for drying bulk materials, such as grain. Known rotary dryer for bulk materials (copyright certificate No. 389373 dated 07/05/1973), mainly flax, containing a rotating annular drying chamber with a perforated bottom for introducing coolant into the layers of the dried material, the Central shaft and the unloading device, made in the form of a chain saw.

The disadvantages of the above rotary dryer:

1. Uniform distribution of the coolant over the area of the drying chamber is not ensured due to the unsatisfactory design of the supply diffuser, as well as due to the installation of the discharge conveyor at the perforated bottom, which leads to uneven drying over the area of the drying chamber.

2. There is no clear cut-off of the lower dried layer to be unloaded from the rest of the mass in the drying chamber, which leads to cost overruns and uneven moisture in the components of the dried heap.

3. Excessive energy consumption for the rotation of the drying chamber and significant for the drive of the unloading device.

4. The design of the unloading device increases the injury to the dried material.

5. The dryer does not have a device for cooling the dried heap.

6. The drying chamber has a complex structure for operation, it requires large expenditures for the manufacture of the foundation, with slight distortions of the bottom, it jams.

The closest in technical essence is an aero ditch (patent No. 2136137 dated 09.10.1999, Moscow), containing a hopper made with inclined side walls, an air distribution grill, dividers, an air supply duct with a fan, an unloading window with a shutter, a agitator.

The disadvantages of the aeroflot are as follows:

1. There is no clear cut-off of the lower dried layer to be unloaded from the rest of the mass in the drying chamber, which leads to cost overruns and uneven moisture in the components of the dried heap.

2. Extra energy costs for rotation of the agitator.

3. In the drying chamber there is no device for forming a given thickness of the material layer depending on the type of culture, its humidity and heat capacity.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and efficiency of the drying process of loose heaps of cereals, legumes and other crops.

The problem is solved in that in the proposed aerial chute for drying bulk materials containing a hopper made with inclined side, rear and front walls, air distribution grilles, dividers, an air supply duct with a fan and a furnace unit, an unloading window with a shutter, an additional chain-scraper is installed leveling conveyor with a height adjustment mechanism and a drying material level sensor for turning the conveyor on and off, a device for cutting off the dried bottom layer, including louvres, a carriage with shelves, a mechanism for reciprocating movement of the carriage and a mechanism for adjusting the carriage in height depending on the type of culture material.

New significant features:

1. Height-adjustable chain-scraper conveyor with a level sensor for drying material to enable and disable the conveyor.

2. A device for cutting off the dried lower layer, including louvres, a carriage with shelves, a mechanism for reciprocating movement of the carriage and a mechanism for adjusting the carriage in height, depending on the type of culture material.

The listed new essential features are sufficient in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

Identified distinguishing features in conjunction with the known provide a technical result.

Due to the installation of a height-adjustable chain-scraper leveling conveyor, it became possible to create a certain layer of grain heap depending on its initial parameters, this allows you to rationally and fully realize the moisture-absorbing properties of the heat agent, which reduces drying costs. With the help of louvres and a carriage with shelves, the lower dried layer is separated to unload the drying material, which leads to a reduction in energy consumption for drying and to obtain a material with the same humidity in its components. The cooling and unloading of the lower dried layer through the discharge window is carried out by an air stream, which is supplied by the fan through the air distribution grill.

Figure 1 shows the aerogloo, a General view with the position of the carriage for drying the material; figure 2 is a General view with the position of the carriage when unloading the lower dried layer of drying material with a cut-off from the upper.

The aerial chute contains a chamber 1, a bottom from air distribution grilles 2 and dividers 3, a flap 4 for adjusting the supply of material from the hopper 5, a chain-scraper leveling conveyor 6 with a height adjustment mechanism 7 and a level 8 sensor (for example, a similar sensor for seed dressing PS- 10) drying material 9. Between the conveyor 6 and the air distribution sieves 2, a device for cutting off the dried lower layer is installed, including louvres 10 of the carriage 11 with shelves 12, the reciprocating mechanism 13 motion of the carriage 11, a mechanism 14 for adjusting the height of the carriage. The furnace block 15 and the fan 16 for supplying the coolant through the channel 17 into the chamber 1, which has a shutter 18 of the discharge window, a tray 19 with a viewing window 20.

The drying process is based on countercurrent flow: a loose heap moves from above the zone of wet material, down to the zone of dried material, and the coolant flows upward from the zone of dry material to the zone of wet material, heating the material and evaporating moisture from it, completely saturated with it. This workflow is the most economical.

Aeroglove works as follows.

To dry a certain material, it is necessary to install a chain-scraper leveling conveyor 6 together with a grain level sensor 8 to an optimum height with a height adjustment mechanism 7. The distance between the shelves 12 and the louvre boxes 10 using the mechanism 14 for adjusting the height of the carriage is set taking into account the flowability and the exclusion of injury to the drying material.

The mechanism 13 of the reciprocating movement of the carriage 11 is moved to the drying position, then the shutter 4 is opened and the material of a given thickness by the chain-scraper leveling conveyor 6 is filled into the chamber 1. At the end of the loading of the chamber 1, the grain level sensor 8 disconnects the chain-scraper leveling conveyor from the material pressure 6. Using the combustion unit 15 and the fan 16, the flow of coolant through the channel 17 to the chamber 1 through the air separation grilles begins. The material is heated and the vaporized moisture is transported. From the top of the layer, the waste coolant goes out.

As soon as the lower layer of the material reaches the conditioned humidity, which is determined by a hygrometer during operational monitoring, the carriage 11 moves with the reciprocating movement from the mechanism 13 to the unloading position, the shelves 12 come out from under the louvered boxes 10, close the gaps between the boxes, the lower section is cut off layer of material for cooling and unloading. The furnace block 15 is turned off, the fan 16 delivers unheated ambient air through the channel 17 to the chamber 1. This air leaving the air separation grill 2 cools and unloads the lower dried layer through a window open with a shutter 18 into the receiving tray. At the end of the discharge, the shutter 18 closes, the shelves 12 of the carriage 11 are moved to the drying position. Material from the upper part of the chamber 1 wakes down to the air separation grill 2, and the chain-scraper leveling conveyor 6 forms a new even and predetermined layer of material 9 in the chamber 1.

Claims (1)

An aerial chute for drying bulk materials, containing a hopper made with inclined side, rear and front walls, a bottom of air distribution grilles and dividers, an air inlet channel with a combustion unit and a fan, an unloading window with a shutter, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency and economy drying process, a chain-scraper leveling conveyor is installed with a height adjustment mechanism and a level sensor for drying material between the chain-scraper leveling conveyor and air separation grilles have a cut-off device including louvres, a carriage with shelves, a carriage reciprocating mechanism and a carriage height adjustment mechanism.

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