RU2813925C1 - Method for accelerated cultivation of low-growth pear seedlings for intensive gardening - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to gardening. Method includes: growing quince stocks R₃ from woody cuttings, eyes budding of valuable pear varieties along annual sprouts on a mother plantation of Cure variety every 10–12 cm, winter grafting of cut shoots with budded eyes by simple copulation, stratification of combinations of R₃ quince stock and Cure graft with budded eye at temperature of 18–20 °C in wet sawdust for 10 days and transfer of grafted components to a cool room with temperature of 2–4 °C until further planting on a growing field.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to reduce consumption of graft material of pear varieties and duration of production of standard pear seedlings on quince, provides high intergrowth of graft and stock due to stratification.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

To introduce a new technology for obtaining low-growing trees of promising pear varieties based on double grafting, it is initially necessary to create two hedge-type queen cells: a cutting queen cell of quince rootstock R ₃ and a cutting queen cell of the Cure variety pear. The creation of cuttings of the Curé variety stems from the fact that this pear variety is compatible not only with all known varieties of pears, but also with different rootstock forms of quince.

The technology we have developed for growing seedlings of pear varieties grafted onto quince with an intermediate insertion of cuttings of the Curé variety has the following sequence of operations: in August, along the annual shoots on the mother liquor of the Curé variety, every 10-12 cm, budding is carried out on the eyes of valuable pear varieties that are not sufficiently compatible with quince (in In our case, the Williams variety was used); at the same time, quince rootstocks R ₃ are grown from lignified cuttings in special beds; in February, a week before grafting, we bring the quince rootstocks dug up late in the fall from the trench into a warm room with a temperature of 18-20°C; in February, simultaneously with the transfer of quince rootstocks to a warm room, shoots of the Cure variety with grafted eyes of the Williams variety are cut from the mother liquor; Cuttings from shoots of Cure with eyes of the Williams variety are cut in a warm room. At the same time, selection and culling of cuttings with non-surviving eyes of the Williams variety takes place; grafting is carried out mainly by “simple copulation”, as well as “into the split” or “butt” (Fig. 1).

The finished combination of quince R ₃ rootstock and cuttings of the Curet variety with an eye of the Williams variety is placed for stratification in a warm room with a temperature of 18-20 ° C in wet sawdust for 10 days before the start of callus formation at the grafting site; after ten days, the grafted components are transferred to a cool room with a temperature of 2-4 ° C until further planting in the growing field; At the first opportunity, before the end of February, grafted seedlings are planted in the first field of the nursery for growing (Fig. 2).

Grafting and other technological operations are carried out according to generally accepted winter grafting technology. The survival rate of grafting and the yield of seedlings is at least 95%.

Features of the new technology.

1. Use of cuttings of the Curé variety for winter grafting onto the quince rootstock, used as an intermediate insert, with a budded eye of the desired variety.

2. Reducing the consumption of cuttings of pear varieties so that from one medium shoot about 50 cm long you can get at least five cuttings with budded eyes of the desired variety.

3. High fusion between cuttings and rootstock due to stratification.

4. Reducing the cost of seedlings by eliminating double grafting.

5. Reducing the length of time for obtaining standard pear seedlings on quince.

The essence of the problem. Growing gardens of such fruit crops as apple, pear, apricot, cherry, peach, etc. all over the world is based on obtaining grafted plants. At the same time, to create gardens with vigorous trees, seedlings are used as rootstocks, and when creating intensive gardens with medium-sized or low-growing trees, clonal rootstocks are used. In the first and second cases, the problem of compatibility of grafted components remains relevant. For example, when growing low-growing trees for intensive pear gardens, it is customary to use different forms of quince as a rootstock (quince A, C, R ₃ , etc.). However, practice has shown that not all pear varieties are compatible with quince rootstocks. To solve this problem, gardeners have developed a double grafting technology. Initially, a cutting of a well-compatible pear variety is grafted onto the rootstock of one of the quince forms, then a cutting of the desired variety is grafted onto the resulting combination. Naturally, the technology becomes significantly more complicated, increasing the cost of grafted plants and the time required to obtain ready-made seedlings for planting intensive gardens. To solve this problem, gardeners have proposed various methods and technologies. One of the most advanced is the technology of simultaneous double winter vaccination.

Analogues of the invention. 1. There is a known method by I.F. Ivanenko, who used budding with two eyes (buds) to overcome the incompatibility of pear and quince. The essence of the method: one eye of two varieties is budded onto the quince rootstock. Below on the rootstock, an eye of a compatible pear variety is budded; higher on the rootstock, an eye of an incompatible but desired pear variety is budded. The next year, both oculants are fused at a certain height using the ablation method, and when fusion occurs, the continuation of the shoot of a compatible variety is cut off and the crown is formed from a shoot of an incompatible variety. A compatible variety forms an intermediate insert, which allows one to overcome incompatibility (S.N. Stepanov. Fruit nursery. - M: Kolos, 1981. - 256 p.)

Disadvantages of the method: 1) a significant increase in the costs of conducting double budding during the period of maximum load in nurseries in the summer; 2) additional costs for carrying out ablation during the summer period; 3) increasing the duration of growing grafted pear seedlings on quince.

2. The most common method used in practice to overcome the incompatibility of quince rootstock and pear variety is the double winter grafting method. In this case, in accordance with the timing of the winter grafting technology, initially a cutting of a compatible variety, for example the Curet variety, is grafted onto the rootstock, and then a cutting of an incompatible but valuable variety, for example the Williams variety, is grafted onto the already grafted cutting. The result is a combination of three parts: a rootstock with roots and one cutting each of two varieties (Fig. 3).

The grafting itself, stratification and other technological operations are performed according to winter grafting technology. Stepanov S.N. Fruit nursery. - M.: Kolos, 1981. - 256 p. Tatarinov A.N., Zuev V.F. Nursery of fruit and berry crops. - M.: Rosselkhozizdat, 1984. - 270 p. Dr. N. Muller, H.J. Albrecht, Dr. H.-H. Jesch. Baumschulwirtschaft. VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, 1973.351 p.

Disadvantages of the method: 1) doubling the duration of the vaccination procedure; 2) significant consumption of cutting material of grafted varieties, especially when a new promising variety with insignificant mother-cutting potential is introduced into production (especially with low biological awakening of buds and shoot-forming ability of the variety); 3) low accretion, correspondingly low yield of planting material from the nursery field and high cost of seedlings.

Claims (5)

A method for accelerated cultivation of low-growing pear seedlings for intensive gardening includes: - growing R ₃ quince rootstocks from lignified cuttings; - budding of eyes of valuable pear varieties along annual shoots on the mother liquor of the Curé variety every 10-12 cm; - winter grafting of cut shoots with budded eyes using the simple copulation method; - stratification of combinations from quince rootstock R ₃ and from cuttings of the Curé variety with an budded eye at a temperature of 18-20°C in wet sawdust for 10 days and transfer of the grafted components to a cool room with a temperature of 2-4°C until further planting in the nursery field .