RU2806226C1 - Method of breeding predatory mite amblyseius swirskii - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention is a method for breeding the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii. The method consists of preparing a substrate, including wheat bran and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1, which is moistened with distilled water to 85-90%, with addition of a crushed soot mixture. The imago of the dried fruit mite Carpoglyphus lactis is placed in the substrate, followed by the addition of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and grown for 7 days with a constant temperature regime of 26 to 28°C, at a relative humidity of the substrate 85-90% until adult specimens are obtained.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the yield of adult individuals of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii.

1 cl, 8 tbl, 8ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the biological protection of plants from a complex of sucking pests, can be used in mass breeding of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii to protect plants in protected soil conditions from the greenhouse whitefly T. vaporariorum and the tobacco whitefly B. Tabaci , tobacco thrips T tabaci and spider mite T. urtica [1,2,3].

Biological plant protection is the basis for the development of cost-effective and long-term pest control programs. The use of natural enemies against agricultural pests in protected soil is very relevant today. The specific conditions of protected soil allow for the wider use of biological agents for pest control [4].

The basis of the invention is the task of providing an effective and, most importantly, safe method of protecting plants from a complex of sucking pests, with the help of the natural enemy Amblyseius swirskii , by creating the necessary environmental conditions for obtaining a large amount of high-quality biomaterial.

The goal is achieved by using a mixture of flour, bran with a fraction of 3.0 mm and the addition of vermiculite as a habitat for the food mite. The ratio of wheat bran and vermiculite is 3:1. Pre-sterilize the bran for 10 minutes at 80°C. To obtain the most effective propagation, you need to add crushed compote mixture. The accumulation time of C. lactis ticks reaches 7-10 days. If you observe a cluster of ticks, then the number of 240 individuals per 1 cm3 reaches 5500 individuals in two weeks.

Isolate Amblyseius in a separate room. For the production process of A. Swirskii , mix wheat bran and vermiculite in a 3:1 ratio in containers. Then add the compote mixture to these containers and release C. Lactis . The ratio in the containers in which C. Lactis was produced is 1:40. The thickness of the layers should be 5-8 cm. It is necessary to maintain the temperature at 22-28°C, and the humidity of the substrate should be 85-90% (700 ml per 10 liters of substrate). Photoperiod 18 hours. Due to this technique, it is possible to reduce the breeding time of the predatory mite A. Swirskii . The full development cycle is completed in a week. It is necessary to conduct regular tick counts during tick breeding.

Examples of specific implementation of the method.

Example 1.

The technology for breeding the predatory mite A. swirskii has a number of disadvantages. One of which is the cost of electricity and time for long sterilization of the substrate. Substrate sterilization plays an important role in biotechnological production. To produce a predator, wheat bran is used as a substrate. The method of breeding and introducing A. swirskii according to the method improved by S.A. Dobrokhotov. and Slepko E.V. the substrate is sterilized in thermostats at t - 45-50°C for 1 day. The optimal thickness of the substrate layer in the container is considered to be 3 cm. By reducing the time of sterilization of the substrate (wheat bran), no reduction in the yield of biological agents was detected. For sterilization, 10 minutes are enough, at temperatures of 80-90°C. The highest yield of feeding mites 10 days after production was obtained in the variant where the temperature was 80°C, and the density of the predator 14 days after introduction into the substrate corresponded to the control variant (Table 1).

Table 1. Effect of temperature conditions during substrate sterilization on the yield of feeding mites and A. swirskii Sterilization mode in 1 cm ³ Feeding mite density, ind. in 1 cm ³ Amblyseius density,
copy in 1 cm ³ temperature, °C Exposition 50 24 hours (control) 5000 220 80 10 min 5700 240 90 10 min 5400 200

Example 2.

Breeding of Amblyseius was carried out using traditional technology. Substrate humidity is a very important parameter, on which the process of mite production directly depends. If the substrate is not sufficiently moistened, the rate of accumulation of food mites and Svir mites will decrease. And with high humidity, molding of the substrate will occur. It has been established that 1000 ml significantly reduces the population size of bioagents, because Caking of the substrate occurs due to waterlogging, which subsequently leads to rotting. To moisten the substrate per 10 liters of wheat bran, 700 ml of distilled water is needed to obtain the highest density of feed and predatory mites (Table 2).

Table 2. Substrate moisture parameters Water application rate, ml Feeding mite density, ind. in 1 cm ³ Density of predator, specimens in 1 cm ³ 1000 3000 140 700 5000 310 400 3500 160

Example 3.

To obtain a high number of predatory mites A. swirskii, it is necessary to select the most suitable initial number of predator individuals. The density of feeding mites in the substrate is 5 thousand individuals per 1 cm3. It is recommended to use the initial predator:prey ratio of 1:40. Breeding was carried out using traditional technology. At a feeding mite density of 5000 ind. in 1 cm ³ the highest density of Amblyseius was obtained in the variant where the primary number of individuals was 130 specimens. in 1 cm ³ . This is for 150 copies. 1 cm ³ more than in the variant where the primary number of individuals was 80 specimens. 1 cm ³ , and 50 copies. in 1 cm ³ less than in the variant 200 copies. in 1 cm ³ (Table 3).

Table 3. Selection of the primary amount of predator and its yield. Primary amount of quinica, specimens. in 1 cm ³ Density of feeding mite ind. in 1 cm ³ Density of predator, specimens in 1 cm ³ 200 5000 230-250 130 5000 280-310 80 5000 130-160

Example 4.

In the traditional method of breeding predatory mites, the optimal thickness of the substrate layer is indicated - 3 cm. The indicated thickness of the bran layer of 3 cm in breeding containers is not suitable for the mass production of bioagents and, in turn, requires the largest amount of space and containers (Table 4). The density of Amblyseius was obtained to be 60 specimens less. 1 cm ³ than in the variant where the layer thickness was 5-8 cm, but more by 60 copies. 1 cm ³ than in the version where the layer thickness was 10-13 cm.

Table 4. Optimal substrate layer thickness Layer thickness, cm Period, days Density, specimens in 1 cm ³ 2-3 14 260-290 5-8 14 330-350 10-13 14 200-230

Example 5.

Both putrefactive and C. lactis mites are used as a food base for breeding Amblyseius mite, but the resulting bioagent yields differ as a result (Table 5). It has been established that the putrefactive elongated mite builds up a population faster over the same period of time than C. lactis . But it was found that the density of Amblyseius varied over time. First, the density of the predator increased, then the putrefactive mite began to displace the predator, and the growth of the feeding mite began to increase, and the density of the predator decreased significantly. And in the variant with C. lactis , the density of Amblyseius gradually increased and exceeded the number in the variant with an elongated mite by 1.6 times

Table 5. Selection of food supply for breeding the predatory mite A. swirskii Feed base Feeding mite density, ind. in 1 cm ³ Amblyseius density, ind. in 1 cm ³ putrefactive elongated mite ( Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank) 5500 180 dried fruit mite ( Carpoglyphus lactis Linnaeus) 5000 300

Example 6.

In traditional technology, a substrate of wheat bran (fraction 1.0-2.0 mm) with the addition of a fine fraction (<1.0) is used. This is not the best substrate for the reproduction process of food mites (Table 6). The growth of the feeding mite population directly depends on the size of the fraction. The best results were obtained in the variant where the fraction was equal to 3.0 mm. Compared with the control, we received 200 more copies. 1 cm3 more, and it was also necessary to make less effort to mix the substrate.

Table 6. Size of bran fraction for propagation of dried fruit mite Carpoglyphus lactis Linnaeus Fraction size, mm Feed mite accumulation period, days Feeding mite density, ind. in 1 cm ³ <1.0 + 3.0(control) 10 1100-1300 1.0 10 800-1000 2.0 10 1100-1200 3.0 10 1300-1500

Example 7.

To obtain the highest number, it is necessary to add nutritional supplements. Because not any bran is suitable for the process of breeding dried fruit mites (Table 7). To increase the efficiency of production of dried fruit mites, it is necessary to add ground compote mixture to wheat bran. With the addition of the mixture, the density of feeding mites increased by 1000 individuals. in 1 cm ³ .

Table 7. Selection of substrate for breeding the feeding mite C. lactis Substrate Initial number of feeding mites, ind. in 1 cm ³ Density of feeding mite ind. in 1 cm ³ Bran 240 4500 Bran + compote mixture 240 5500

Example 8.

To eliminate the shortcomings of traditional technology, a substrate for breeding A. swirskii was selected (Table 8). To obtain a large yield of feeding mites and predatory mites, the best option is wheat bran + vermiculite (370 specimens per 1 ^cm3 ). Thanks to vermiculite, moisture was retained in the substrate longer. The same visible result was present in the wheat bran + vermiculite + sawdust option, but the density of the mite was less than in the bran + vermiculite option. Therefore, to increase the yield of biomaterial, it is necessary to use a mixture of wheat bran + vermiculite.

Table 8. Selection of substrate for growing feeding mites and A. swirskii Substrate Feeding mite density, ind. Amblyseius density, ind. in 1 cm ³ Bran (control) 4000 280 Bran + vermiculite 6000 370 Bran + sawdust 4500 310 Bran + vermiculite + sawdust 5500 340

This method makes it possible to obtain the highest yield of biological material and reduce the time required for the production process.

The invention does not require the use of expensive materials and equipment. This technology can be used for mass reproduction of the predatory mite A. swirskii.

Information sources

1. Dobrokhotov S.A., Anisimov A.I. Use of predatory mites of the genus Amblyseius(Amblyseius)for the control of thrips on vegetable crops in greenhouses // Plant protection in greenhouse conditions: prospects for the 21st century: inform. VPRS/MOBB Bulletin. - Minsk (Belarus): Nesvizh, 2010. - pp. 11-17.

2. Neoseiulus swirskii [Electronic resource] // http://ecoculture.biz/svirski.html / (access date: 05/06/2021).

3. Dobrokhotov S.A. Improving breeding methods and using predatory mites from the genus Amblyseius to control thrips in greenhouses. Aftoref. dis. ... Ph.D. St. Petersburg 19 s, 2008

4. Akhatov A.K., Izhevsky S.S. Protection of greenhouse and greenhouse plants from pests (morphology, lifestyle, harmfulness, control). - M.: Partnership of Scientific Publications KMK. - 2004. - 307 p.

Claims (1)

A method for producing the predatory mite A. Swirskii , including preparing the substrate by mixing sterilized wheat bran and vermiculite in a 3:1 ratio, adding crushed compote mixture, filling plastic containers with a layer thickness of 5-8 cm with the substrate, placing the containers on metal racks and releasing C. Lactis , which is carried out at a temperature of 26-28°C and a relative humidity of the substrate of 85-90%.