RU2802229C1 - Combine for harvesting southern reed for pellets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: harvester for harvesting southern reed for pellets contains a self-propelled chassis (1), a hydraulic hitch (2), a harvester (3), a plant conveyor, two or more modules (5), each of which includes a direct-flow external chamber and an intermediate conveyor (7), plant chopper (8), pressing device and crushed mass spreader (10). The crushed mass spreader (10) is equipped with a pipeline (11) for supplying the crushed mass to the tractor trailer (12), which is connected to the self-propelled chassis (1) using a towing device. In the direct-flow remote chamber of each module (5), a combing device is mounted, consisting of two brushes (14) of a cylindrical shape, installed parallel to each other and tilted back, driven by an electric motor (15) through a gearbox (16), providing them with a reciprocal direction of rotation from the bottom up, and pitched boards (17) placed under the brushes (14), along which the combed elements of the southern reed panicle have the ability to move through the holes (18) made in the direct-flow remote chamber, through the pipeline (20) to the fan (19) for their further discharge to the cleaned area. Each module (5) has a device (21) for guiding the southern reed panicles between the brushes (14).

EFFECT: improved quality of the crushed mass of southern reed and reduced labor costs during its harvesting.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, specifically to machines for harvesting industrial crops.

Known mower for mowing reeds for pellets (patent RU No. 2447641. Published 20.04.2012. Bull. No. 11), containing a hinge frame with a suspension, a rotary cutting device, a balancing mechanism, a subframe, hydraulic equipment, a traction fuse, a drive mechanism, a field divider , a support consisting of right and left vertical racks in the direction of the mower and an upper plate, a carriage, including blocks of rollers 3 with a vertical plate, on which the upper cutting unit is installed, located closer to the hitch frame in the direction of the mower than the rotary cutter unit, mechanism for feeding plants to the upper cutting unit, their drive, including a hydraulic motor and V-belt drives, and a pitched board, hydraulic cylinders, an additional support for the plant feeding mechanism, a support wheel.

The main disadvantages of this mower are the following:

- cut panicles of reeds, which make up a significant proportion of plants, and dumped on areas where reeds grow, significantly pollute the territory;

- for the selection of plants cut without panicles, laid on the field in a swath, for their further processing into pellets, significant labor and financial costs are required.

A harvester for harvesting grain sorghum is known (patent RU No. 2635403. Published on November 13, 2017. Bull. No. 32), taken as a prototype. Combine for harvesting grain sorghum contains a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a bunker, a harvester, a plant conveyor, two or more modules, each of which includes a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a normalizer, an intermediate conveyor and a synchronizing gear, while a plant chopper is additionally installed on the combine, crushed mass spreader and clamping device; the plant chopper includes a housing in which inlet and outlet windows are made, a drum driven by a self-propelled chassis and an anti-shearing device; the crushed mass spreader, fixed on the body of the plant grinder and coupled with the exit window of the grinder, includes a bottom on which guides are mounted symmetrically to its longitudinal axis, having the ability to change their position in the plane of the bottom, and a casing; the clamping device is made in the form of a spring-loaded roller, which is placed above the plant conveyor at the input window of the grinder. In addition, the plant chopper drum is either hammer type or knife type.

The main disadvantages of this combine:

- the harvester does not allow combing the panicles of the southern reed when mowing it,

- additional technical means and labor resources are required for the selection of the crushed mass and its loading into the vehicle.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the crushed mass of the southern cane and reduce labor costs during its harvesting.

EFFECT: possibility of harvesting southern reed with tow of its panicles, discharge of tow waste to the harvested area, grinding of combed plants and loading of the crushed mass into a vehicle.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by a harvester for harvesting southern reed into pellets, containing a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a harvester, a plant conveyor, two or more modules, each of which includes a direct-flow external chamber and an intermediate conveyor, a plant chopper, a clamping device and a spreader crushed mass, while the crushed mass spreader is equipped with a pipeline for supplying the chopped mass to the tractor trailer, which is connected to the self-propelled chassis using a towing device; tilted back, driven by an electric motor through a gearbox, providing their opposite, bottom-up direction of rotation, and pitched boards placed under the brushes, along which the combed elements of the southern reed panicle have the ability to move through the holes made in the direct-flow remote chamber, through the pipeline to the fan for their further discharge to the harvested area; each module is equipped with a device for directing panicles of the southern reed between the brushes.

The essential features that affect the achievement of the claimed technical solution are:

- connection to the self-propelled chassis of a tractor trailer;

- equipment of the crushed mass spreader with a pipeline for supplying the crushed mass to the tractor trailer;

- installation in a direct-flow remote chamber of each module of the combing device, consisting of two brushes of a cylindrical shape;

- installation of brushes in a direct-flow remote chamber parallel to each other and tilted back;

- the implementation of the drive of two brushes from the electric motor through the gearbox with the provision of their opposite, bottom-up direction of rotation;

- installation of pitched boards under the brushes;

- the possibility of removing combed elements of the southern reed panicle from the direct-flow remote chamber through the holes made in it, by a fan through the pipeline to the harvested area;

- installation of a device for directing panicles of the southern reed between the brushes.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a harvester for harvesting southern reed for pellets, side view; in fig. 2 shows a diagram of a harvester for harvesting southern reed into pellets, top view.

A harvester for harvesting southern reed for pellets is a self-propelled chassis 1, a hydraulic hitch 2, a harvester 3, a plant conveyor 4, two or more modules 5, each of which includes a straight-through remote chamber 6 and an intermediate conveyor 7, a plant chopper 8, a clamping device 9 and a spreader 10 of the crushed mass.

The crushed mass spreader 10 is equipped with a pipeline 11 for supplying the chopped mass to the tractor trailer 12, which is connected to the self-propelled chassis 1 using a towing device 13.

In the straight-through external chamber 6 of each module 5, a combing device is mounted, consisting of two brushes 14 of cylindrical shape, installed parallel to each other and tilted back, driven by an electric motor 15 through a gearbox 16, providing them with a counter, bottom-up direction of rotation, and pitched boards 17, placed under the brushes 14, through which the combed elements of the southern reed panicle have the ability to move through the holes 18, made in the straight-through remote chamber 6, through the pipeline 20 to the fan 19 for their further discharge to the harvested area.

Resetting not whole panicles, as is carried out in the prototype combine, but only elements of their tow reduces the weediness of southern cane harvesting sites.

On each module 6, a device 21 for directing the southern reed panicles between the brushes 14 is installed.

Harvester for harvesting southern reed for pellets works as follows.

Prior to the start of work, a unit is made up, including a self-propelled chassis 1 and a tractor trailer 12 with a towing device 13.

When the combine moves along the site where the southern reed grows, the plants are captured by the device 21 of each module 5, which directs the plant panicles between the brushes 14 of the corresponding direct-flow external chamber 6. The presence of the devices 21 also makes it possible to increase the width of the harvester and thereby increase its productivity. Panicles of the southern reed, received between the brushes 14, combed due to counter rotation. The direction of rotation of the brushes 14 from bottom to top ensures high-quality lint of panicles. This removes, basically, the fluff of the panicles, which reduces the strength of the pellets if it is present in the mass used for the manufacture of pellets. Due to their tilt and vibrations caused by vibrations of the harvester and the operation of its mechanisms, the elements of the vane of the panicles move through the holes 18 in the body of the direct-flow remote chamber 6 into the pipeline 20. Then, due to the ejection effect created by the fan 19, the elements of the vane of the panicles move through the pipeline 20 from direct-flow remote chambers 6 to the fan 19, which discharges them to the harvested area by air flow.

With the further movement of the harvester, the stripped plants, leaving the direct-flow external chamber 6, are sent to the intermediate conveyor 7. The plants are captured by the slats of the intermediate conveyor 7 and fed to the cutter bar of the harvester 3, cut off and then placed by the intermediate conveyor 7 on the plant conveyor 4.

Then the plants are fed by the plant conveyor 4 to the plant grinder 8, while being pressed by the clamping device 9 to the belt of the plant conveyor 4. The plants that have entered the grinder 8 are crushed. The crushed mass enters the crushed mass spreader 10, which, due to the rotation of the working bodies, throws it through the pipeline 11 into the tractor trailer 12. It does not require the use of additional vehicles and labor resources for loading and transporting the crushed mass of southern cane.

The collected crushed mass of southern reed without the presence of fluff is subsequently used to make pellets with the addition of other necessary nutrients, for example, for cattle or fish feed.

Thus, the claimed harvester for harvesting southern reed into pellets makes it possible to tow the southern reed panicles, discharge the waste of the tow to the harvested area, grind the stripped plants and load the crushed mass into a vehicle.

Claims (1)

A harvester for harvesting southern reed for pellets, containing a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a harvester, a plant conveyor, two or more modules, each of which includes a direct-flow external chamber and an intermediate conveyor, a plant chopper, a clamping device and a crushed mass spreader, characterized in that the crushed mass spreader is equipped with a pipeline for supplying the chopped mass to the tractor trailer, which is connected to the self-propelled chassis using a towing device; from the electric motor through a gearbox, which ensures their opposite direction of rotation from bottom to top, and pitched boards placed under the brushes, along which the combed elements of the southern reed panicle have the ability to move through the holes made in the straight-through remote chamber, through the pipeline to the fan for their further discharge to the harvested plot, each module is equipped with a device for directing panicles of the southern reed between the brushes.