RU2787054C1 - Livestock premises - mechanized cowshed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; animal husbandry.

SUBSTANCE: mechanized cowshed includes a building with an attic, on the first floor of which there are cow flow distributors, a milking machine with parallel-through tools, animal resting boxes, and a mobile device for manure cleaning. In the attic part of the building, there are a unit for reception, temporary storage, and primary treatment of milk, a room for inventory, a room for litter storage, a room for fodder preparation, a room for personnel. Self-feeders are placed along longitudinal walls of the building, and a room in the area of placement of self-feeders is blocked with fodder cans, with devices for their portioned supply to self-feeders.

EFFECT: invention allows for reduction in a building area of a mechanized cowshed.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, to the livestock industry. It can be used in cattle breeding farms.

Known livestock premises [USSR author's certificate No. 665863 A1, Bull. No. 21 dated 05.06.1979], which provides for the keeping of cattle in a multi-storey building, which, in order to avoid injury to animals during their floor-by-floor movement (taking into account the technological cycle), in the end part includes a platform with the placement of two movable fences on it . The railings are mounted on brackets with the possibility of vertical movement. At the same time, one of the fences and the lift cabin are equipped with an ejection device made in the form of an elastic pneumatic chamber.

The disadvantage of this construction and technical and technological solution is that it does not exclude the stress factor on the animal's body during its periodic transportation. At the same time, its implementation provides for an increase in capital costs for the production of final products.

Known livestock building - "Modular cowshed with environmentally friendly milk production technology" [patent for invention RU No. 2535747 C2; Bull. No. 35 dated December 20, 2014]. The objective of the invention is to increase the environmental friendliness of the production of products in the barn, to provide the possibility of changing sizes when increasing livestock and deeper processing and processing of products. The problem is solved due to the fact that the cowshed is a certain set of technological modules with the possibility of varying their location relative to each other, the walls of the vestibule of the cowshed at the end are made with the possibility of dismantling and docking with an additional production module with an increase in livestock, and the milking and milking module has a removable wall the end of the building opposite to the production module in order to increase the length of the milking and milking module and the number of milking machines of the installation. The manure utilization module includes areas: accumulation of manure mass before its processing, production of concentrated organic fertilizers and their storage.

The disadvantages of this technical, technological and construction solution are:

1. There is no technological zone for attendants inside the livestock building (which violates the requirements for its safety).

2. The technology and technical devices for sanitizing the skin of animals are not disclosed.

Known "Greenhouse - barn" for the northern regions of the country [patent for invention RU 2501209 C2. Bull. No. 35 dated December 20, 2013]. The developed design of a combined agricultural enterprise with economical use of fuel and energy resources, complete and economically feasible utilization of manure while ensuring the technological process of intensive crop production in a greenhouse. A greenhouse - a cowshed includes a room for animals and growing plants, a manure storage facility with a device for creating pulp, pumping it out for disposal and removal of gases. The room is installed on pile foundations with air gaps between the ground and the floor covering of the first floor. Enclosing structures are external walls and a domed roof. The room is equipped with a ventilation system. To remove manure in the manure storage, a rubber band with rollers and a drive is used, which is placed in the stall area.

The disadvantages of this invention are:

1. Narrow variability in the technical support of technological processes for servicing animals.

2. Difficulty in organizing animal walks.

3. The issue of blocking the livestock premises with auxiliary technological premises is becoming more complicated.

4. The presence of an air gap between the ground surface and the floors of the first floor contributes to an increase in heat losses in the animal room and, as a result, heat consumption to maintain the air temperature within zootechnical standards.

Known cowshed [patent for invention No. RU 2045171 C1, published 10.10.1995] The purpose of the invention is to improve the ease of maintenance. This goal is achieved by the fact that the roof of the building is made sectional with the possibility of moving the sections relative to each other or their vertical lifting, and the feed receiving sections are equipped with movable fodder lattice stops with the possibility of pressing the feed against the opposite stationary wall as the feed is eaten, and the silo section has a waterproofing coating with sides or recess. The cowshed contains stationary walls, doors, a sectional roof, consisting of a fixed section placed above the milk block, a movable section placed above the silo block, and two movable sections placed above the blocks for roughage, a window cover. The end walls have forced ventilation, and the longitudinal ones have paired parallel holes. Movable feed limiter with a grid hung on rods threaded into loops in a horizontal position from the animal approach side. The rods are equipped with nuts at the ends. The latter are made with the possibility of moving along the length of the rod with fixation on the screw thread or with the help of holes in the rod and placed on the outer side of the wall. A spring is installed between the nuts, which attracts the stern limiter to the wall. A waterproofing recess is made in the floor of the silo block. Animals are placed indoors between the feed blocks and the milk block with free access to feed and water.

The disadvantages of this barn solution include:

1. The accepted technological principle of feed loading and their placement in feed blocks using the area of the barn requires additional costs for the use of loading equipment, reduces the utilization factor of the floor area of the barn.

2. Periodic transformation of the roof complicates its design and reduces the time of technical and technological inspection and current repairs.

3. The need for a movable feed limiter with additional devices for its movement increases the capital costs of the animal feeding process.

4. The adopted planning decision of the barn and its technical and technological support does not provide for an increase in the utilization rate of the total volumetric space of the barn for technological and general economic purposes, and the effectiveness of the principle of blocking individual auxiliary technological blocks (reserving and storing feed, preparing feed for feeding, processing and temporary storage of milk).

The closest in terms of technical, technological and construction solutions to the proposed invention is the invention "Livestock building" [patent for invention RU No. 2053656 C1 Authors: Tarkhaev P.O., Pakhomov K.O. Publisher: Information collection. Construction experience. Issue 20. M.: Publishing house of literature on construction, architecture and building materials, 1959, p. 82-84]. The livestock building, containing two floors formed by an arched building and interfloor ceilings, includes a natural ventilation system, stalls and group sections for keeping various groups of livestock, and a manure accumulator. The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the use of the building and simplify its design.

The disadvantages of the proposed livestock premises are:

1. Placement of calves, young animals of the current year of birth on the second floor does not allow for complex mechanization of technological processes, complicates the process of feed delivery and increases the cost of manual labor for feeding calves, young animals.

2. The adopted constructive solution for the delivery of calves after calving and the transfer of young animals to the first floor requires additional manual labor costs and does not exclude cases of injury to the animal and attendants.

3. The process of transporting manure containing bedding to the ground floor area using a pipeline reduces the reliability of this technological operation and increases the cost of manual labor for its maintenance (cases of pipeline blockage are not excluded).

The proposed invention aims, while observing the technological requirements for the implementation of technological processes for servicing animals, to ensure the efficiency of the use of land for a livestock building (livestock facility) while reducing operating and capital costs for the production of a unit of output.

To achieve this goal, it is proposed:

- a mechanized cowshed, including an attic, on the ground floor of which there are cow flow distributors, a milking machine with parallel passage machines, boxes for animals to rest and a mobile unit for manure cleaning, in the attic part of the building there is a block for receiving, temporary storage and primary processing milk, a room for inventory, a room for storing bedding, a room for preparing feed, a room for staff, while the self-feeders are placed along the longitudinal walls of the building, and the room in the area of \u200b\u200bthe self-feeders is interlocked with feed banks, with devices for their portioned supply to the self-feeders;

- to adopt a system for keeping animals loosely boxed with periodic walking of animals on walking grounds;

- feeding animals with coarse, succulent and canned feed according to the principle of "self-feeding" from wall-mounted multifunctional self-feeders interlocked with a feed bank, which eliminates the presence of feeder lines inside the premises and the need to use feeders of both stationary and mobile types;

- the mechanized milking process should be carried out using milking machines with parallel passage machines and a cyclic run of cows in a circular pattern with a return to their original place of keeping (boxes; a platform for moving);

- use a set of equipment (barrier-type devices, devices with doorways) for the relocation of animals as part of the technological process of milking and their pasture to walking areas;

- the processes of auto-drinking and sanitation of animals should be carried out using wall-mounted multifunctional self-feeders;

- the process of manure removal is carried out using mobile equipment equipped with graders and combing devices that ensure the delivery of manure to the zone of walking areas for piling and subsequent removal to the place of use.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. In FIG. 1 shows the layout of the cowshed with adjoining technical and technological elements; in fig. 2 shows the planning solution of the attic room; in fig. 3. shows a section of a cowshed (A - A).

The livestock building - a mechanized cowshed (Fig. 1) is made in a modular size in width - 12 m, length 43 m, with an attic along the height of the building (Fig. 3). The variant of the construction solution of the building can be both in the frame version and monolithic and provides for blocking to the longitudinal walls of the fodder bank (storage of coarse, succulent and concentrated fodder) as a component of the building. The interior space of the first floor building includes the following technical and technological components (figure 1): wall forage passages 1; manure passages 2; service aisles 3; evacuation passages 4; boxes for resting animals 5, with adjoining four machines 6 for lactating cows; before the milking platform 7; platform 8 for milking cows and their pasture in the habitat area (feeding area, exercise and rest); transverse collection manure channel 9; doorways for cows to enter the walking areas 10. Walking areas 11 with feeders 12 and sheds 13, as well as areas 14 for temporary storage of manure are accompanying elements of the annual technological cycle for the production of final products. Accordingly, the platform 15 with grain accumulators 16 ("silos") and sheds 17 for temporary storage of grain, as well as platform 18 for loading and transporting the final product (milk) are also related technological elements.

Technological equipment that ensures the implementation of technological processes for servicing animals (cows) includes: wall-mounted multifunctional self-feeders 19 (provide the processes of feeding, watering and sanitizing the skin of cows), feed banks 20 with devices 21 for portioned feeding of roughage, with devices 22 for portioned supply of canned feed, a milking machine 23 with parallel passage machines (UDS), boxes for resting animals 24 and a mobile unit for manure cleaning 25. Auxiliary equipment (inside the barn) includes fences with doorways 26, cow flow distributors, barrier type 27.

To create a closed cycle of production and its primary processing with placement in the attic part of the building, the following basic technological equipment and auxiliary elements are used (Fig. No. 2): electric water heater 28; stationery table 29; tank milk cooler 30; installation for washing milk dishes 31; spare parts cabinet 32; bunker store concentrated feed 33; storage bins for 34 components of concentrated feed; crusher-mixer for the production of compound feed 35.

In order to rationally use the floor area of the first floor, while not violating the general production technology, the following are placed in the attic part of the building (Fig. No. 2): a block for receiving, temporary storage and primary processing of milk (I - dairy department; II - staff room ; III - bathroom; IV - heating unit; V - switchboard; VI - vacuum pump room); VII - room for inventory; VIII - bedding storage room; IX - feed preparation room; X - staff room; XI - bedding storage room.

The technological process of production (milk) in the proposed mechanized barn proceeds as follows. Animals (cows) during the day in a free mode, as the desire arises, consume feed loaded into the wall-mounted multifunctional self-feeders 19 from the feed bank 20. Similarly, as the desire arises, the animals consume water from automatic drinking bowls, which are an integral structural element of the wall-mounted multifunctional self-feeders 19. Further, in accordance with the accepted daily regimen and the frequency of milking cows, the technological process of milking is performed. In this case, the grain from the 16 ("silo") grain storage (Fig. 1) is fed to room IX (Fig. 2;) with the help of conveyors 36 (Fig. 3), where it is crushed in a crusher-mixer 35 (Fig. 3) and mixed with feed components (food additives) supplied from storage hoppers 34 (Fig. 2). The prepared feed enters the feed storage 33 (Fig. 3). As the cows enter the area of the milking machine 23 (Fig. 1), with the help of a cable-washer conveyor 37 (Fig. 3), the feed is fed into the storage bins 38 of the milking machine 23 and the feeder 39 (Fig. 3). The milking machine is prepared to receive animals.

After that, in both parts of the barn, the animals are regrouped to sequentially move them in a circular pattern to carry out the process of milking cows by machine milking operators, taking into account the assigned groups of animals. Cows in each part of the barn are sequentially driven, taking into account the group division, to the pre-milking area and then to the milking area of the milking machine. At the end of the milking operation, the cows enter the previously vacated part of the pen, divided by barrier-type dividers. In the process of a complete technological cycle, due to cyclic hauls, cows take their original place for rest and exercise (Fig. 3).

The multiplicity of this technological cycle depends on the accepted multiplicity of milking.

Milked milk enters the block for storage and primary processing of milk, which is then sent to the places of sale by special vehicles (milk carriers).

For walking and feeding animals with succulent fodder in the spring-autumn time periods of the year, they are sent through evacuation openings 10 (Fig. 1) in a reasonable time mode to walking areas 11 (Fig. 1).

The removal of manure outside the livestock premises (mechanized barn) is carried out as the manure passages (channels) 2 are contaminated with a mobile manure cleaning unit 25 (Fig. 1) sequentially into the transverse collection manure channel 9 and then to the site 14 for temporary storage and storage of manure in walking area.

Sanitary treatment of the skin of animals is carried out periodically, taking into account the developed schedule by a livestock specialist (veterinarian) using a wall-mounted multifunctional self-feeder 19 (Fig. 1).

The animal is fixed in the feeding area and the skin is processed using a special device.

The proposed construction and planning solutions for a livestock building - a mechanized barn, technological features of the implementation of technological processes and their recommended technical and technological support will reduce capital investments in the construction of the facility and technical support of technological processes and increase the utilization rate of the land fund for the construction of a livestock facility, improve the environmental safety of the internal spaces of a mechanized barn (gas contamination; dustiness; bacterial contamination, for example, spore bacteria).

Claims (1)

A mechanized barn, including a building with an attic, on the ground floor of which there are cow flow distributors, a milking machine with parallel passage machines, boxes for animals to rest and a mobile unit for manure cleaning, in the attic part of the building there is a block for receiving, temporary storage and primary processing of milk , a room for inventory, a room for storing bedding, a room for preparing feed, a room for staff, while the self-feeders are placed along the longitudinal walls of the building, and the room in the area of \u200b\u200bthe self-feeders is interlocked with feed banks, with devices for their portioned supply to the self-feeders.

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