RU2779179C1 - Self-feeder for cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to process equipment for mechanization of technological processes for servicing farm animals. The self-feeder for cattle includes vertical racks, bases and dividing arches. The self-feeder is made in a wall-mounted version of the installation, providing its technological connection through a feed opening in the longitudinal wall of the livestock room with a feed storage bank. The base of the separating arches of the self-feeder is made two-tube arc-shaped with distribution flexible pipelines that provide the supply and distribution of drinking water to the watering machines, the supply of hydrogen-activated pH water to the feed processing devices, the supply of compressed air flow and hydrogen-activated pH water to the skin treatment device. The self-feeder is equipped with elements of reserving drinking and activated water of the livestock room, shut-off valves. The device for the treatment of the skin of an animal, controlled and capable of changing its position in a vertical plane relative to the serviced animal, is equipped with a membrane diaphragm pump, a pneumatic cylinder, a pulsator that provides reciprocating motion relative to the upper part of the animal’s trunk of rotating brush devices. Control of technological operations and individual structural elements when servicing animals is carried out with the help of hand held laser speed cameras.

EFFECT: invention provides an improvement in the quality of the feeding process of animals with their loose housing system, a decrease in the environmental safety of the internal space of the livestock room, a decrease in the contamination of the milk being milked with microflora.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and is intended for cyclic intake of a given amount of feed, its preliminary preparation for feeding (wetting combined with heat treatment), feeding it to animals and for performing related technological processes for animal care - auto-drinking and skin treatment.

Known self-feeder [patent for utility model RU No. 34311 U1. Authors: Ryzhkov L.A., Kapustin I.V., Maliev V.Kh. It includes a trough with bushings at the corners, vertical posts inserted into them, spring-loaded traps installed along the perimeter of the trough, clamps for attaching the bases of dividing arches to the posts, dividing grids, a roof and limiters. Loading the self-feeder involves the use of a front loader.

The disadvantages of this technical and technological solution:

- there is no device for preliminary, partial destruction of rolls;

- it is not possible to use a self-feeder for an additional technological function in the role - "Chasalo";

- there is no device for collecting leftover feed for the purpose of its recycling.

Known self-feeder for animals [patent for utility model RU No. 31484 U1. Authors: Tenekov A.A., Maliev V.Kh., Bogatyuk A.A. Published 8/20/2003] including a central support mounted on struts; main and side racks interconnected at the upper ends by crossbars; elastic dividers of feeding places; gutters; flexible adjustment elements to maintain the shape of the haystack; auxiliary technological elements that ensure the division of a haystack into sectors; chains fastening gutters; chain canopies; a ring movably fixed in the upper part of the central support.

The disadvantages of this technical and technological solution:

- not universally related to animal husbandry technologies;

- installation becomes more complicated, labor costs increase accordingly;

- the use of elastic dividers and their connection with the crossbars does not exclude the violation of the process of selecting food by animals and the breakdown of individual structural elements.

Known invention "Self-feeder" [patent RU No. RU 2417583 C1. Authors: Gappoev T.T., Kasaev U.K., Makoeva L.S., Gatsalov T.I. Published: 05/10/2011 Bull. No. 13]. The self-feeder is made in the form of a self-folding hangar, the racks and cross members of which form arches, interconnected by a mechanism of uniform placement along the longitudinal axis of the hangar. The crossbars of the roof are hingedly connected to the uprights. The self-feeder contains feeders fixed in the animal feeding zone on its frame. Feeding troughs are made in the form of perforated stretchable pipes and are fixed on the said racks and on the crossbars.

The disadvantages of this model include:

- linking it to a specific technology for keeping animals (pasture keeping system and feeding with herbage grown on a nutrient solution);

- periodic dismantling of the system, which reduces its service life;

- the presence of feeders in the form of perforated, stretchable pipes, which does not exclude the risk of damage.

Known self-feeder [patent for invention RU No. 2594881 C1. Authors: Trukhachev V.I., Lebedev A.T., Ochinsky V.V., Moroz V.I., Selionova M.I., Pavlyuk R.V., Lebedev P.A., Magomedov R.A., Shumsky A.S. Published on 20.08.2016 Bull. No. 23] intended for feeding rolled hay. It includes: two telescopic racks with cruciform metal supports and anchors for their fastening; lodgments with a crossbar laid on them; a lattice container suspended on a crossbar; a roll of feed placed in a lattice container; volumetric fencing of the container from wooden beams in the longitudinal direction; flexible fencing made of conveyor belts located in the transverse direction; twists to tighten two adjacent wooden beams.

The disadvantages of this invention are:

- the need for additional manual labor costs associated with periodic reloading (recharging) of a new roll;

- the risks of injury to workers by animals in the process of reloading rolls are not excluded;

- the issue of rational use of feed is not resolved (unrecoverable losses of feed increase);

- the possibility of taking feed by animals from both sides of the self-feeder contributes to the irrational use of the floor area of the livestock facility;

- this constructive solution excludes the possibility of using mechanical means of cleaning the territory in the area of its location (installation).

Known self-feeder [patent for invention RU No. 2599565 C1. Authors: Trukhachev V.I., Lebedev A.T., Ochinsky V.V., Moroz V.I., Selionova M.I., Pavlyuk R.V., Zakharin A.V., Lebedev P.A., Magomedov R.A., Shumsky A.S. Published on October 10, 2016. Bull. No. 28] intended for storage and distribution of rolled hay to animals. It includes: a rigid, three-dimensional metal frame of a cylindrical shape with regular placement along the perimeter of vertical rods - tubular section fences; structural connection rods, rigidly connected from the outside by horizontal rings; cylindrical fingers of a strong connection of the spatial block; the bottom of the self-feeder is made in the form of a shell convex inside the frame with support rings of stiffness and symmetrically located holes in the center of the shell and on the ring of stiffness; vertical cruciform knives with a support element (clamp rod); self-feeder cover, made in the form of a convex outward shell.

The disadvantages of this invention are:

- the principle of loading the feeder from above, laid down by the design, complicates the process and limits the volume of feed loading, taking into account the possibility of loading means;

- for the quality of the process of feeding animals in this case, it is more important to destroy the outer layers of the roll, and the design does not provide for this;

- the proposed design does not solve the issue of reducing the irretrievable loss of feed.

The closest in terms of technical and technological solution to the proposed invention is "Self-feeder - machine" [patent for invention RU No. 2269260 C1. Authors: Ryzhkov L.A., Kapustin I.V., Krasnov I.N. Published on February 10, 2006 Bull. No. 4]. Self-feeder - the machine includes: a trough, the bottom of which consists of two sheets hinged along the outer edges of the trough; transverse crossbars on which the sheets rest; vertical racks on which the trough, the bases of dividing arcs, the roof and lowered, fixing limiters are fixed; a lever to which a cable is attached, in contact with the blocks and fixed to the bottom sheet.

The disadvantages of this feeder - machine are:

- the constructive solution of the self-feeder - the machine provides for its loading with rolls from the end side, which makes it difficult for the animals to select the feed (its destruction);

- the adopted design of the limiters, which provides for their movement in a vertical plane relative to the dividing arcs, reduces the range of access of animals to feed, which increases the cost of manual labor for their rearrangement;

- the issue of collecting and reusing coma losses has not been resolved;

- the presence of a trough with a bottom of two hinged sheets with a cable drive increases the capital costs for the manufacture of a self-feeder - machine and labor costs for lifting and lowering the bottom sheets. At the same time, it must be taken into account that in the process of controlling the position of the bottom, the worker is at risk, and this does not exclude the possibility of injury to him by the animal;

- the proposed design does not provide for the processing of dry roughage in order to reduce the dust content of the air in the feeding area and its bacterial contamination (for example, spore bacteria close to hay bacillus), which is especially important when using this equipment indoors;

- the design of the feeder-machine does not contain the principles and devices for processing the skin of an animal, which is also a carrier of various types of bacteria;

- the design of the feeder does not provide for the possibility of combining the process of feeding and watering animals both in one temporary technological cycle, and watering animals during the day.

The proposed invention "Self-feeder for cattle" solves the problems of improving the quality of the process of feeding animals with their loose keeping, rational use of the floor area of the livestock building, reducing the environmental safety of the internal space of the livestock building, reducing the contamination of milk with microflora (spore bacteria of the skin of animals), performing three technological processes (feeding and watering of animals; treatment of the skin of animals) while reducing capital costs for their technical and technological support, effective use of the building area for livestock buildings, the floor area inside the livestock buildings.

To achieve this technical, technological and economic result, a wall-mounted option for mounting a self-feeder is proposed, providing its technological connection through a feed opening in the longitudinal wall of the livestock building with a feed bank (feed storage, taking into account the technological cycle of feeding them). As a supporting frame of the self-feeder, use vertical support posts and distribution pipelines for supplying drinking, activated water and compressed air (which are structural elements of the self-feeder, which are directly connected with the technical and technological elements of reserve drinking and activated water of the livestock building); to include in the constructive and technological solution of the self-feeder (as structural technical and technological components) a subsystem for automatic drinking of animals, controlled devices for periodic sanitary and technological treatment of the skin of animals and roughage, and elements of video recording of the presence of animals in the feed selection zone. Management of technological operations and individual structural elements in the service of animals is carried out using video recorders.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. In FIG. 1 shows a frontal view of a self-feeder for cattle. In FIG. 2 shows a top view.

The self-feeder for cattle includes: two vertical support posts 1 with devices 2 for attaching them to the side wall 3 of the livestock building and with devices 4 for creating a gap between the floor and the ceiling 5 of the livestock building; elastic, heat-insulating plates 6 fixed along the perimeter of the feed opening 7 (window for supplying feed to the livestock building); base 8 made in the form of a framed two-pipe, arcuate contour with support posts 9 and devices for supplying air 10 to the active working bodies 11 of the controlled device for treating the skin of the animal's neck, outlets 12 for supplying drinking water to automatic drinkers 13, dividing arcs (feeding place limiters) 14 , fixed on base 8; distributors of the feed space 15 for the intake of feed by animals (additionally providing the supply of activated water to the controlled devices 18 for sanitizing the skin); single-pipe arc-shaped frame circuit 16 for supplying compressed air (as an additional function - suspension on it using bearings 17 of devices 18 in order to rotate them in a vertical plane and fix them in the contact zone with the animal 28 for treating the skin); pneumatic cylinder 19 interacting with the guide 20 of the device 18 (in order to change the position of the device 18 in the vertical plane); diaphragm pump 21, through a flexible pipeline 22 and a pulsator 23 communicating with a single-pipe arcuate frame circuit 16; bypass circuit 24 for supplying activated water or compressed air to the frame pipe 25 and three-section working bodies 26 devices 18, consisting of three interconnected and frame pipe 25 hollow tubes 27 perforated in the lower part, with the ability to deviate from each other at a given angle in vertical plane, thereby providing copying of the surface of the body of the animal 28, and flexible tubes for transportation to the treatment area of the skin of activated water or air flow, on the tubes 27 perforated in the lower part, at their ends, coils 29 are mounted with the possibility of rotation (Fig. 2 ) for the purpose of reciprocating movement of the three-section working body 26 along the surface of the body of the animal 28, and in the perforation zone of the tubes 27, finger-type, elastic elements are installed in the holes, providing operations for massaging the skin and its sanitization; pipeline 30 distribution of activated water distributors of the feed space 15; the upper single-pipe frame contour 31 with spacers 32, which ensures the strength and stability of the self-feeder structure, as well as the supply of activated water (different in pH - alkaline or acidic); video recorders 33 control systems for technological operations (processes) and individual structural elements when servicing animals; pipeline 34 for supplying water for the needs of auto-drinking, pipeline 35 for supplying compressed air, pipeline 36 for supplying activated water to the feeder; device 37 for wetting feed; stopcocks 38 for supplying drinking water to automatic drinkers, the flow of compressed air and activated water to the working bodies for processing the skin of animals, the supply of activated water to devices for processing (wetting) feed. The operation of wetting the feed is carried out as the feed enters the feeder from the feed bank 39 adjacent to the side wall of the cowshed.

The technological process of serving animals with a self-feeder (her work) proceeds as follows.

In the initial position, the stopcocks 38 for drinking water supply, air supply and activated water supply are in the closed position. The shut-off valve 38 for supplying drinking water to the drinking bowls 13 is open. Controlled device 18 for sanitizing the skin is in its original, raised position, the drive of its working bodies is disabled.

The technological process of serving animals with a self-feeder begins with the performance of preparatory technological operations:

1. Delivery of feed from the feed storage bank 39 to the feed opening 7 for its reception by a self-feeder;

2. Surface treatment of the feed with activated water using the device 37 for wetting the feed. Surface treatment begins at the moment when the filling of the feeding area with food is recorded. Based on the result of video fixation of the presence of food in the feeder, a signal is received from the animal service process control system to open the shut-off valves 38 for the supply of activated water, and the activated water enters the devices 37 for wetting the feed - the technological operation of processing the feed is carried out (wetting the surface of the feed with activated water). Taking into account the connection of the self-feeder with the subsystems for preparing water for use in the livestock building, both activated water with a different pH value and ordinary water with technologically justified temperature indicators can be used in the processing of feed.

The duration of the feed processing cycle and the cyclicity are set by the program in accordance with zootechnical requirements.

The process of direct maintenance of animals with a self-feeder is carried out in the following sequence.

Animals, as the physiological need for nutrition (food intake) arises, in free access occupy one of the free feeding places between the dividing arcs (feeding place limiters) 14 and the food space distributors 15. During the operation of selecting food and eating it, the animal in a cyclic mode can satisfy its needs for water without leaving the feeding place from 14 automatic drinking bowls installed on dividing arches (feeding place limiters) 13. As its needs are met, the animal frees up the occupied feeding place, which can be used by other animals.

The technological operation of processing the skin of animals is carried out periodically within the time cycles established by zootechnical requirements. The cyclicity of the operation of processing the skin of an animal depends on the type of feed, its contamination, the activity of feed consumption by animals and sanitary requirements. The duration of the working cycle of the device is one day. The frequency of cycles during the month is set taking into account the sanitary requirements and recommendations of the livestock specialist, veterinarian in relation to the livestock facility.

In this technical and technological solution, the principle of combining the technological operations of feeding and processing the skin is possible.

In accordance with the accepted time mode for performing the technological cycle of processing the skin of animals, video recorders 33 are activated, which record the entry of animals into the feeding area. In the case of fixing the animal in the feed area, shut-off valves 38 for supplying air or activated water to the active working bodies 11 for treating the skin of the animal's neck or three-section working bodies 26 are activated. executive brush element with simultaneous massaging with air flow or wetting the skin of the neck with activated water. When processing agents enter the device 18, the pneumatic cylinder 19 is initially put into operation (from under the piston space of which air is throttled) and the device 18 from a position inclined at a certain angle, turning on bearings 17 mounted on a single-tube arcuate frame contour 16, takes a horizontal position, contacting the three-section working bodies 26 with the skin of the animal. When air flows through the pulsator 23 to the membrane diaphragm pump 21, reciprocating motion is provided relative to the upper body of the animal 28 of the frame pipe 25 and three-section working bodies 26. Since the frame pipe 25 and the three-section working body 26 through the flexible pipeline 22, the pulsator 23 and Since the bypass circuit 24 in a periodic mode can simultaneously communicate with a single-pipe arcuate frame circuit 16 and distributors of the feed space 15, which act as suppliers of activated water, then the treatment of the skin of animals can be carried out both using air flow (removal of small contaminants and dust-like particles; massage of the skin ) and activated water (decrease in bacterial contamination of the skin).

At the end of the technological cycle of processing the skin of the animal due to the supply of compressed air into the piston space of the pneumatic cylinder 19 and the return stroke of the piston and rod, the device 18 returns to its original position. The technological cycle of processing the skin of a particular animal is over.

Implementation of this constructive and technological solution allows:

- rationally use the land fund for the construction of a livestock facility;

- to increase the labor safety of the attendants and the environmental safety of the internal space of the livestock building (gas contamination; bacterial contamination), the quality of the technological processes of feeding and watering animals;

- reduce capital costs for the construction of a livestock facility and technical support for the technological processes of watering and feeding animals (there is no need for feeders and feed passages located along the length of the livestock building, in mobile or stationary feed dispensing devices inside the livestock building).

Claims (1)

Self-feeder for cattle, including vertical racks, bases, dividing arcs, characterized in that the self-feeder is made in a wall-mounted version, providing its technological connection through a feed opening in the longitudinal wall of the livestock building with a fodder storage bank, the base of the dividing arcs of the self-feeder is made of two pipes arc-shaped with distributing flexible pipelines providing supply and distribution of drinking water to automatic drinkers, supply of pH-activated water to feed treatment devices, supply of compressed air and pH-activated water to the skin treatment device, self-feeder is equipped with elements reservation of drinking and activated water of the livestock building, stopcocks, the device for processing the skin of the animal is controlled, capable of changing its position in the vertical plane relative to the service of the animal being treated is equipped with a diaphragm diaphragm pump, a pneumatic cylinder, a pulsator, which provide reciprocating movement of the rotating brush working bodies relative to the upper body of the animal, the control of technological operations and individual structural elements when servicing animals is carried out using video fixators.

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