RU2774487C9 - Railway vehicle bogie - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of railway transport, in particular to trucks of railway vehicles. The box openings of the bogie contain adapters. The adapters rest with their seating surface on the outer ring of the wheelset bearing. The adapter contains supporting and guiding surfaces, as well as protrusions on the end planes. The movement of the adapter relative to the bearing is limited by a limiter. The limiter is made with a technological window and is fixed to the adapter. The window is made in a shape close to rectangular with radius fillets at the transition from the narrow part of the window to the long one. The mounting surface of the adapter is made in the form of a jumper between the paired end ledges facing the vertical surfaces of the pedestal opening. The limiter is fixed in the lower part of the adapter in the mounting surface. The mounting surface is made lower than the height of the protrusions. The corner radius of the adapter is made in the range of 5–50 mm. The bending radius of the lower part of the limiter is made in the range of 165–175 mm.

EFFECT: invention increases the reliability of the trolley.

13 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, concerns the structures of freight car bogies, in particular the design of the installation of a wheel pair in the axlebox opening of the side frame of a freight railway bogie.

Known bogie axle box of a railway vehicle, containing located in the axle box opening of the side frame adapter, based landing contact surface on the outer ring of the cassette-type bearing mounted on the extreme part of the wheelset, while the adapter has support and guiding contact surfaces that provide interaction with the surfaces of the axle box side frame opening, and protrusions on the end planes that limit the horizontal movement of the adapter in the pedestal opening. On each side of the adapter, between two paired protrusions, on the mounting surface of the adapter there is one mounting hole, through which a limiter is fixed on the adapter, which limits the movement of the adapter relative to the wheel pair bearing, while a limiter in the form of a rectangular bracket is fixed on the adapter by means of a threaded connection, at the ends of which shelves with holes are made. The bracket is attached to the mounting surface of the adapter by the shelves, and a part of the threaded connection is passed through the holes in the bracket shelves and the mounting holes in the adapter, along with this, the bracket goes around the outer ring of the wheelset bearing (Patent for utility model No. RU 161326 U1, IPC B61F 5/26, published on 20.04.2016).

The disadvantage of this design of the axle box is the possibility of self-unscrewing (self-unscrewing) of the limiter from the threaded connection, which fixes the limiter on the adapter during operation, since the threaded connection is made without an additional degree of protection, which can lead to self-loosening. Another disadvantage is the inability to monitor the technical (temperature) condition of the bearing due to the lack of a technological window in the limiter (bracket), which can subsequently lead to its overheating and jamming.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 203 456 for a utility model, an axle box assembly with an adapter for deep coverage of a freight car bogie is known, containing a bearing with components for its fastening on a wheel pair, an adapter mounted on the bearing with thrust collars on the seating surface, with bearing surfaces of the upper projections for installation on of them of the axle box opening of the side frame of the bogie, with lower longitudinal and lateral protrusions for the guide thrust elements of the axle box opening of the side frame and with a recess in the middle part of the longitudinal protrusions, as well as an arcuate plate fixed on the adapter and enveloping the bottom of the bearing, characterized in that the mounting gap along the width between the thrust collars of the seating surface of the adapter and the width of the outer ring of the bearing is no more than 2 mm, the arcuate plate is made with a width distance between its upper parts for installation on the adapter, equal to the distance between the recesses in the middle part of the longitudinal projections of the adapter, with a radius bending of the lower part of the arcuate plate, corresponding to half the distance between the recesses in the middle part of the adapter, with a width in the lower part of the arcuate plate corresponding to the width of the outer ring of the bearing and having a rectangular cut in the development of the arcuate plate with a length not less than the diameter of the outer ring of the bearing and a width not less than 2 /3 the width of the outer ring of the bearing, the upper parts of the arcuate plate at a height corresponding to the radius of the outer ring of the bearing from the lower part of the arcuate plate, have a width of 35 to 55 mm, ensuring their placement in the recesses of the longitudinal projections of the adapter and through the holes made at the ends of the arcuate plate , are bolted in threaded holes made in the upper ledges of the adapter to provide a calculated clearance of 5...8 mm between the outer ring of the bearing and the inner curved surfaces of the strips at the cutout in the lower part of the arcuate plate.

The utility model according to patent No. 203 456 was chosen as the closest analogue.

The technological window in the limiter is made of a rectangular shape, which causes an increased accumulation of stresses at the vertices of the corners of the rectangle in the limiter window, and the radius parameters at the vertices of the cutout corners are not defined, which leads to the possibility of cracks, faster wear and less reliability of the limiter. These shortcomings can lead to the disengagement of the wheel pair bearing from the adapter, as well as damage to the axle box opening of the freight car side bogie frame due to the beating of the strip against the side frame, thereby reducing the reliability of the axle box assembly and reducing the service life of the bogie.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the lack of reliability and rapid wear of the limiter, which is caused by the lack of optimal parameters of the limiter, its bending radius in conjunction with the parameters of the technological window, and, accordingly, insufficient reliability of the axle box and bogie.

The technical result achieved by the invention is to increase the reliability of the bogie by creating a more reliable design of the axle box assembly with optimal limiter parameters, while maintaining the possibility of identifying the type of bearing and its technical condition.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the bogie of the railway vehicle contains side frames, wheelsets with axlebox assemblies that take the load from the side frames, a bolster resting on spring sets located in the spring openings of the side frames, located in the axlebox opening of the side frame an adapter resting with its landing contact surface on the outer ring of the wheelset bearing, wherein the adapter has supporting and guiding contact surfaces that provide interaction with the surfaces of the pedestal opening of the side frame, and protrusions on the end planes, made with the possibility of limiting the horizontal movement of the adapter in the pedestal opening, limiter , limiting the movement of the adapter relative to the wheel pair bearing, fixed to the adapter by means of a fastening device, is made with a technological window, at the same time, the limiter goes around the outer ring of the bearing, the technological window of the limiter is made in a shape close to rectangular with radius fillets at the transition from the narrow part of the technological window of the limiter to the long one. the lower part of the adapter in the mounting surface, while the mounting surface is made lower than the height of the adapter protrusions, the radius of rounding in the corner parts of the technological window R1 is in the range from 5 mm to 50 mm, and the bending radius of the lower part of the limiter R is in the range of 165- 175 mm.

The adapter may be a single cast structure.

The adapter may be a single cast structure made of steel.

The adapter may be a single cast structure made of cast iron.

The adapter as a whole may have a rectangular configuration.

A cassette type bearing can be installed in the cart.

A roller type bearing can be installed in the trolley.

The length b of the technological window of the limiter can be made in the range of 120-300 mm.

The width a of the technological window of the limiter can be made in the range of 50-120 mm.

The distance between the protrusions of the adapter can be in the range of 323-333 mm.

The gap c between the bearing and the limiter can be made from 1 to 10 mm.

The attachment device may include a tip, a retaining ring, and a washer.

The fastening device can be implemented in the form of a tip with a nut.

The fastening device can be implemented in the form of a bolted connection.

The tip of the attachment device may include a mounting slot.

The fastening device can be rigidly fixed to the limiter by welding.

The fastening device can be made as a single element with a limiter.

The connection of the limiter with the adapter can be additionally secured with a safety element installed in the device for fastening.

A cotter pin can be used as a safety element.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the figures:

- in Fig. 1 shows a trolley;

- in Fig. 2, 3 shows the axle box;

- in Fig. 4 shows the attachment device;

- in Fig. 5 shows the limiter, side view;

- in Fig. 6. shows the gap between the limiter and the outer ring of the bearing;

- in Fig. 7. shows the limiter, scan.

The bogie of a railway vehicle (Fig. 1) contains wheelsets 1 with axle boxes 2, which take the load from the side frame 3 of the bogie, a bolster 4 resting on spring sets 5 located in the spring openings of the side frames 3.

The axle box assembly 2 (Fig. 2, 3) of the railway vehicle trolley contains an axle box opening 6 having horizontal 7 and vertical 8 bearing surfaces, located in the axle box opening 6 of the side frame 3 adapter 10, supported by a landing (cylindrical, arcuate shape) contact surface on the outer ring of the bearing 9 mounted on the neck of the axle of the wheelset 1. The adapter 10 has support 11 and guides 12 contact surfaces that provide interaction with the surfaces 7, 8 of the pedestal opening 6 of the side frame 3, and the protrusions 13 on the end sides 14 of the adapter 10 facing to the pedestal openings 6 of the side frame 3 and made with the possibility of limiting the horizontal movement of the adapter 10 in the pedestal opening 6.

The adapter 10 is a single cast metal structure, made of steel, for example, which generally has a rectangular shape.

Also, on each side 15 of the adapter 10, between two paired protrusions 13 in the form of a jumper, a mounting surface 16 is made. On the mounting surface 16 of the adapter 10, at least one mounting hole 17 is made, through which a limiter 18 is fixed on the adapter distance of movement between the adapter 10 and the outer ring of the bearing 9 of the wheelset 1 and providing the calculated clearance in the vertical direction. The limiter 18 is fixed at each of its ends to the adapter 10 by means of a fastening device 19.

During the formation of the composition on the marshalling yards, when the cars are hooked to each other, their collision is possible and, as a result, the car bounces, at the moment the adapter 10 is disengaged from the side frame 3 by the horizontal plane and there is a possibility of the bolt head breaking off, which secures the limiter 18, if the specified the bolt is located on the surface of the adapter 10 and is not hidden in the recess.

Fixing the limiter in the upper part of the adapter 10 is impossible, which is caused by the design of the used adapter 10, therefore, the mounting of the limiter 18 is implemented in the lower part of the adapter 10 in the mounting surface 16, made integral with the protrusions 13 facing the vertical surfaces 8 of the axle box opening 6.

In particular, the shape of the end sides 14 of the adapter 10, made in the form of protrusions 13, facing the axle box opening of the side 6 of the frame 3, with a mounting surface 16 made between these protrusions 13 (along with the end protrusions 13) with a lower height than the height of the protrusions 13 of the adapter 10 made it possible to make the attachment point of the limiter 18 in the adapter 10 in a recess, and therefore more protected from the possibility of breaking off the fastening, as a result of a collision with the frame 3, that is, a reliable fastening of the limiter 18 with the adapter 10 was created, which contributes to increasing the reliability of the trolley. This shape of the adapter 10 made it impossible to mount the limiter 18 in the upper part of the adapter (as in the selected closest analogue), but it allows the limiter to be fixed without violating its strength characteristics and to prevent the limiter 18 fastening from breaking off.

The attachment device 19 (Fig. 4) includes a tip 19.1, a retaining ring 19.2 and a washer 19.3.

To fix the limiter 18 on the adapter 10, two fastening devices 19 are used, each of which is located at the end of the limiter 18. Using the lug 19.1, the fastening device 19 can be rigidly fixed to the limiter 18, for example, by welding. The attachment device 19 can be made as a single element with the limiter 18, that is, when the tip 19.1 will be a continuation of the limiter 18.

In the fixed state, the fastening device 19 is located in the mounting surface 16 of the adapter 10, namely: the tip 19.1 is located in the hole 17 of the adapter 10 (Fig. 4), a retaining ring 19.2 is mounted on the tip 19.1, limited by a screwed washer 19.3. To install the retaining ring 19.2, the tip 19.1 contains a mounting slot 19.4. The described fastening device 19 is not the only one applicable, it is given as an example of the implementation of the fastening device 19, it is possible to use other elements in a different sequence, for example, a lug with a nut, a bolt connection, a retaining ring with a cotter pin.

After installation in the body of the adapter 10, the attachment device 19 is additionally fixed with a safety element 20, which can be used, for example, a cotter pin. Element 20 performs the function of additional reinforcement in the mount in case of failure of the retaining ring 19.2 and is installed in the hole of the tip 19.1, its use will prevent the elements of the device for fastening 19 from leaving the hole of the adapter 10, the limiter 18 falling out of the adapter 10, providing a more secure fixation in adapter 10, which can subsequently exclude the exit of the wheelset 1 from engagement with the adapter 10, that is, improve the design of the axlebox assembly 2 and increase the reliability of the bogie.

The distance between the protrusions 13 of the adapter 10 is in the range of 323-333 mm. If this distance is performed outside the specified range, then it will be problematic to install the adapter 10 into the box body.

During the operation of the bogie, bearings 9 require constant inspection and monitoring of their technical condition, improper control or its absence leads to their overheating, which in the future can lead to jamming or to the use of bearing 9 with a worn outer ring, which leads to the wheel pair coming off rail (respectively with a bogie and a wagon). In this regard, the limiter 18, which excludes the exit of the wheelset 1 from engagement with the adapter 10, is made with a technological window 21, designed to identify the type of bearing 9 and determine its technical condition, including temperature.

The window 21 is made in a shape close to rectangular (Fig. 7) with a radial (smooth) transition from the narrow part (along the width of the limiter 18) of the window 21 to the long part (along the length of the limiter 18), that is, in the corner parts of the technological window 21 of the limiter 18, while the value of the rounding radius R1 at the corner vertices is in the range of 5-50 mm. Making the radius R1 less than 5 mm does not allow achieving the necessary stress distribution and removing the load from the tops of the corners of the window 21, and more than 50 mm will not allow the window 21 to be made in the limiter 18, or the limiter with such a cutout cannot be installed in the axlebox assembly. This solution made it possible to avoid the use of corners in the window 21, in which the greatest stresses are concentrated during operation and deformation occurs, which leads to the formation of cracks in the limiter 18, its wear, and subsequently can lead to premature failure of the bogie. The use of a shape close to rectangular with a smooth transition with a rounding radius R1 in the range of 5-50 mm made it possible to optimize and evenly distribute operating loads and reduce the side effect of temperature effects.

The dimensions of the technological window 21 may vary depending on the design features of the limiter 18, for example, the length b of the window 21 can be made in the range of 120-300 mm, and the width a can be made in the range of 50-120 mm. But it is not recommended to make sizes smaller than those stated, since this can lead to unreliable measurement readings associated with a small measurement surface area, and it is also not recommended to make sizes larger than those indicated, since window 21 will occupy most of the limiter 18, which will lead to its break , will adversely affect its reliability and service life.

The radius R of the bend of the lower part of the limiter 18 (Fig. 5) is in the range of 165-175 mm. The specified radius is optimal for operation and ensures the reliability of the limiter 18 during operation, as well as the mounting gap c (Fig. 6) between the limiter 18 and the outer ring of the bearing 9 from 1 to 10 mm.

In the absence of clearance c , the limiter 18 comes into contact with the outer ring of the bearing 9, which will lead to wear of the limiter 18 and the surface of the bearing ring 9, since the outer ring of the bearing 9 is engaged with the adapter 10 and rotates periodically, respectively, there is a possibility of wear of the bearing surface under the bearing 9 of the adapter 10.

In this case, it is not recommended to use the limiter 18 with a bending radius R outside the specified range, since the radius R is less than 165 and a gap of less than 1 mm leads to the limiter touching the bearing and abrasion of the limiter 18, and the radius R is more than 175 and the gap is more than 10 mm or not will allow to install the limiter in the adapter 10, or it can lead to the output of the bearing 9 from the adapter 10, i.e. to the deterioration of the characteristics of the axlebox assembly 2 and the disengagement of the bearing 9 from the adapter 10.

The execution of the limiter 18 with the radius R of the bend of its lower part in the specified range, taking into account the presence of the window 21 in the limiter 18, ensures the optimal characteristics of the limiter 18 during operation, and, accordingly, long and reliable operation of the cart. The execution of the radius R outside the specified range can adversely affect the zone of the limiter 18 adjacent to the technological window 21, the occurrence of cracks on it and the premature failure of the limiter, since this zone is the most subject to wear.

An example of an implementation can be a trolley, in the axle box of which a limiter 18 is installed, the bending radius of the lower part of the limiter 18 R = 170 mm, the gap between the lower part of the limiter 18 and the outer ring of the bearing 9 c = 7 mm, the technological window 21 of the limiter 18 is made in a shape close to rectangular with a smooth transition in the corner parts of the technological window 21 of the limiter 18, while at the vertices of the corners the value of the radius of curvature R1 =15 mm.

The claimed invention due to the creation of the design of the axle box with a recessed place for attaching the limiter to the adapter and optimized characteristics of the limiter, namely its bending radius, mounting gap, as well as the characteristics of the technological window, extends the service life of the limiter and it is possible to create a more reliable freight car bogie capable of long service life, while maintaining the ability to identify the type of bearing and its technical condition.

Claims (13)

1. A bogie of a railway vehicle, containing side frames, wheelsets with axlebox assemblies that take the load from the side frames, a bolster supported by spring sets located in the spring openings of the side frames, an adapter located in the axlebox opening of the side frame, supported by a landing contact surface on the outer ring of the wheelset bearing, while the adapter has supporting and guiding contact surfaces that provide interaction with the surfaces of the axle box opening of the side frame, and protrusions on the end planes, designed to limit the horizontal movement of the adapter in the axle box opening, a limiter that limits the movement of the adapter relative to the bearing of the wheel pair, fixed to the adapter by means of a fastening device, is made with a technological window, at the same time, the limiter goes around the outer ring of the bearing, the technological window of the limiter is made in a shape close to rectangular with radius rounding at the transition from the narrow part of the technological window of the limiter to the long one, characterized in that the mounting surface of the adapter is made in the form of a jumper between the paired end ledges facing the vertical surfaces of the box opening, and at the same time with them, the fastening of the limiter is made in the lower part of the adapter in the mounting surface, while the mounting surface is made lower than the height of the adapter protrusions, the rounding radius in the corner parts of the technological window R1 is in the range from 5 mm to 50 mm, and the bending radius of the lower part of the limiter R is in the range of 165-175 mm. 2. The trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the length b of the technological window of the limiter is made in the range of 120-300 mm. 3. Trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the width a of the technological window of the limiter is made in the range of 50-120 mm. 4. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the protrusions of the adapter is in the range of 323-333 mm. 5. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the clearance c between the bearing and the limiter is made from 1 to 10 mm. 6. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment device includes a tip, a retaining ring and a washer. 7. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening device is implemented in the form of a tip with a nut. 8. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening device is implemented in the form of a bolted connection. 9. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip of the attachment device may contain a landing slot. 10. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment device is rigidly fixed to the limiter by welding. 11. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening device is made as a single element with a limiter. 12. The trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the limiter with the adapter is additionally secured with a safety element installed in the fastening device. 13. Cart according to claim 12, characterized in that a cotter pin is used as a safety element.

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