RU203456U1 - Axlebox unit with deep reach adapter for freight car bogie - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to rail vehicles and concerns bogies of the rolling stock of railways, namely axleboxes of wheelsets with an adapter for two-axle bogies of freight cars. An adapter belonging to the category of deep reach adapters is installed in the axlebox. The axle box unit with the adapter deep coverage of the freight car bogie (see Fig. 1) includes the axle box unit 1 of the wheel pair 2 installed in the axle box opening 3 of the side frame 4 of the freight car bogie. Axle box unit 1 contains a bearing 5 of a cassette type with accessories for its fastening to the journal of the axle of a wheel pair 2. On the bearing 5 of a cassette type, an adapter 6 of deep coverage is installed. The fixation of the deep-wrap adapter 6 on the outer ring of the bearing 5 is carried out by an arcuate plate 7. The arcuate plate 7 (see Fig. 2) in the lower part 8 has a width corresponding to the width of the outer ring of the bearing 5, and a rectangular cut 8 in the sweep of the arcuate plate 7 in length not less than the diameter of the bearing 5 and the width not less than 2/3 of the width of the outer ring of the bearing 5. The result of the useful model is the reliable fixation of the adapter on the bearing, which makes it possible to exclude their mutual movements in various operating conditions, thereby ensuring both the safety of the movement of freight cars and safety carrying out shunting works when dismantling trains.

Description

The utility model relates to rail vehicles and concerns bogies of the rolling stock of railways, namely axleboxes of wheelsets with an adapter for biaxial bogies of freight cars.

There is a known node for connecting a side frame with a wheelset in a bogie of a freight railway car, containing a U-shaped axle-box opening with a wear-resistant removable bracket fixed on the support surface and a rectangular adapter with a cylindrical cutout in the lower part for installation on top of a two-row cassette bearing with axial limiting movements of the bearing piles. The support surface of the adapter for the side frame is made in the form of a cylinder segment, the base of which is a sector with a radius R from the bearing axis along the support surface to the bearing, which provides an angle of coverage a along the L-shaped lugs on the inner and outer face surfaces of the adapter, facing downward from the middle support parts of the surface of the adapter for the bearing (Patent for utility model No. RU 101985 U1, IPC B61F 5/00, publ. 10.02.2011).

In this patent, the angle of coverage α of the L-shaped lugs of the adapter of the bearing outer ring can be 143 ... 145 °, from the ends of which the vertical planes of the longitudinal stops of the adapter begin into the U-shaped box opening of the side frame with the corresponding vertical planes of the longitudinal stops. The disadvantage of the specified axle box unit is the limited angle of coverage α by the adapter of the outer ring of the bearing and the high location of the beginning of the longitudinal stop of the adapter relative to the bearing axis (axis of the wheelset), which, when the longitudinal force of action on the wheelset from the side frame of the bogie (longitudinal forces of inertia, braking forces) or from the wheelset to the side frame (from the longitudinal forces of pressing the wagon hump retarders on the wheels) leads to the emergence of a vertical component from these forces acting upward and squeezing or throwing the adapter from the outer ring of the bearing together with the axle opening of the side frame. At the moment of breaking the contact of the cylindrical surfaces of the bore of the adapter and the outer ring of the bearing from the longitudinal force (only the points of the L-shaped tides of the adapter are in contact on one side), the vertical component of the force is proportional to the acting longitudinal force multiplied by the tangent of the angle β (about 18 °) from the horizontal to the beginning angle α. In the loaded state of the car, the vertical load on the adapter balances the vertical component of the longitudinal force with a margin. But in the empty state of the car, the value of the vertical component of the longitudinal force cannot be balanced by the multiply reduced vertical load from the empty car and the bearing lifts the adapter together with the side frame to the stop of the blocker on the side frame into the outer ring of the bearing from below. Lifting the adapter allows the bearing to select a longitudinal clearance to the vertical wall of the axle box opening and to abut against it with the outer ring, completing the force balance. Such surges in bearing loads lead to local overloads of the bearing outer ring and increased contact stresses on the raceways from the rollers, limiting their service life.

It is also known the axle box assembly of a bogie of a railway vehicle, containing an adapter located in the axle opening of the side frame, which rests with a landing contact surface on the outer ring of a cassette-type bearing mounted on the extreme part of the wheelset, while the adapter has supporting and guiding contact surfaces that ensure interaction with surfaces the axle opening of the side frame, and protrusions on the end planes limiting the horizontal movement of the adapter in the axle opening. On each side of the adapter, between two paired projections, one fastening hole is made on the mounting surface of the adapter, by means of which a limiter is fixed on the adapter, which limits the movement of the adapter relative to the wheelset bearing, while the limiter in the form of a rectangular bracket is fixed to the adapter by means of a threaded connection, at the ends of which there are shelves with holes. The bracket is attached to the mounting surface of the adapter by shelves, and a part of the threaded connection is passed through the holes in the bracket shelves and the fastening holes in the adapter, along with this the bracket bends around the outer ring of the wheelset bearing (Patent for utility model No. RU 161326 U1, MIZH B61F 5/26, publ. 04/20/2016).

In the specified axle box, an adapter is installed that belongs to the category of adapters for deep coverage of the outer ring of the bearing with an angle of coverage α of the cylindrical part of the adapter of 170 ... 176 °. In this case, the angle β from the horizontal to the beginning of the cylindrical part of the adapter is from 2 ° to 5 °, which allows the vertical load on the adapter to balance the many times greater longitudinal force of impact on it even in the damaged state of the car. The disadvantage of the specified axle box unit of the bogie of the railway vehicle is the flexibility of the adapter on the outer ring of the bearing along their axis up to 4-5 mm due to the increased width of the cylindrical bore between the thrust collars of the adapter relative to the width of the outer ring of the bearing. This leads to wear of the contacting surfaces, the need to increase their wear resistance, as well as to even larger lateral clearances in the axle openings of the side frames of the bogies and increased angles of run-on by wheel sets on the rails. Also, the disadvantage of the claimed axlebox unit is that the limiter, made in the form of a bracket of rectangular cross-section surrounding the lower middle part of the outer ring of the bearing, blocks and interferes with the identification of its thermal state from the side of the floor-standing infrastructural diagnostics devices of the axlebox unit.

Known axle box unit of a bogie of a rolling stock of railways, selected as a prototype, containing an adapter with recesses between longitudinal protrusions, a cassette bearing, a cover and a locking plate, while the side frames of the bogie are supported through adapters on the cassette bearings, and the cassette bearing of the wheelset is built into adapter, on which an arcuate plate is resiliently installed perpendicular to the axis of the wheelset, the ends of which are made T-shaped, entering the recesses between the projections of the adapter, and the upper wide T-shaped ends of the arcuate plate are supported on the upper part of the projections of the adapter, while the longitudinal distance between the T- the shaped ends of the arcuate plate is less than the distance between the recesses or grooves along the ends of the adapter, which ensures elastic compression of the plate to the adapter (Patent for invention No. RU 2525321 C1, MIZH B61F 15/00, B61F 15/06, B61F 15/20, publ. 20.08 .2014).

The disadvantage of the specified axlebox unit of the bogie of the rolling stock of railways is that the arcuate plate, elastically installed perpendicular to the axis of the wheelset under each cassette bearing, in the vertical direction has a gap between the adapter and the outer ring of the bearing, which when the wheelset moves along the rail track with a high level vertical accelerations will lead to regular vertical movements of the arcuate plate in the gap, despite its elastic compression in the longitudinal direction when assembling the axle box unit. These movements will lead to both wear of the protruding T-shaped ends of the arcuate plate and a subsequent increase in the magnitude of the vertical clearance, as well as the ability to bounce the adapter on the bearing. The arcuate plate enveloping the lower part of the bearing will also serve as a barrier for the qualitative identification of the bearing thermal state by floor-standing infrastructural diagnostics devices in operation.

The technical result of the utility model is a reliable fixation of the adapter on the bearing, which makes it possible to exclude their mutual movements in various operating conditions, thereby ensuring both the safety of the movement of freight cars and the safety of shunting operations during the dismantling of trains. At the same time, the maintainability of the wheelset is increased in combination with the improvement of safe working conditions during its disassembly and assembly at the repair sites.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the mounting gap in width between the thrust collars of the adapter seat and the width of the bearing outer ring is no more than 2 mm, the arcuate plate is made with a width distance between its upper parts for mounting on the adapter, equal to the distance between the recesses in the middle part longitudinal protrusions of the adapter, with a bend radius of the lower part of the arcuate plate corresponding to half the distance between the recesses in the middle part of the adapter, with a width in the lower part of the arcuate plate corresponding to the width of the outer ring of the bearing and having a rectangular cut in the sweep of the arcuate plate with a length not less than the diameter of the outer ring bearing and a width of at least 2/3 of the width of the outer ring of the bearing, the upper parts of the arcuate plate at a height corresponding to the radius of the outer ring of the bearing from the lower part of the arcuate plate have a width of 35 to 55 mm, ensuring their placement in the recess longitudinal projections of the adapter and through the holes made at the ends of the arcuate plate are bolted into the threaded holes made in the upper projections of the adapter to provide a design clearance of 5 ... 8 mm between the bearing outer ring and the inner curved surfaces of the strips at the cutout in the lower part of the arcuate plate.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that in one of the corners of the upper parts of the arcuate plate a hole with a diameter of 5 ... 7 mm is made and the end of the corner is bent outward at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees, and also by the fact that the upper ends of the arcuate plate are bent outward at a length from the ends corresponding to the width of the upper ends of the arcuate plate by an angle equal to the bending angle of the upper part of the arcuate plate above the recess in the middle part of the longitudinal projections after it is attached to the adapter, taking into account the angle of inclination of the wall of the upper projections of the adapter from the vertical.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings:

- in Fig. 1 is a side view of an axle box unit with a deep wrap adapter for a freight car bogie;

- in Fig. 2 shows an arcuate plate;

The axle box unit with the adapter deep coverage of the freight car bogie (see Fig. 1) includes the axle box unit 1 of the wheel pair 2 installed in the axle box opening 3 of the side frame 4 of the freight car bogie. Axlebox unit 1 contains a bearing 5 of a cassette type with accessories for its fastening on the journal of the axle of a wheelset 2. On the bearing 5 of a cassette type, an adapter 6 is installed with a deep coverage of the cylindrical part of the outer ring of the bearing 5 along the contact angle from 170 ° to 176 ° with a mounting gap in width Between the thrust collars 7 of the adapter 6 deep coverage under the outer ring of the bearing 5 no more than 2 mm. Fixation of the adapter 6 deep coverage on the outer ring of the bearing 5 is carried out by an arcuate plate 8, covering the bottom of the outer ring of the bearing 5 and providing a design clearance when it is fastened with bolts 9 on the upper protrusions 10 of the adapter 6, which perceive the vertical load from the axle opening 3 of the side frame 4. Longitudinal and the lateral load is taken by the adapter 6 deep coverage through the longitudinal 11 and side 12 protrusions interacting with the corresponding guide thrust elements 13 and 14 of the axle opening 3 of the side frame 4. To exclude the contact of the arcuate plate 7 with the longitudinal thrust element 13 of the axle opening 3 in the middle of the longitudinal protrusions 11 of the adapter 6 of deep coverage, recesses 15 are made, into which the upper parts 16 of the arcuate plate 7 are installed when assembling the axle box unit 1 of the wheel pair 2.

The arcuate plate 8 (see Fig. 2) in the lower part 17 has a width corresponding to the width of the outer ring of the bearing 5, and a rectangular cut 18 in the sweep of the arcuate plate 7 with a length of at least the diameter of the bearing 5 and a width of at least 2/3 of the width of the outer ring bearing 5. The bending radius of the arcuate plate 7 corresponds to half the distance between the grooves 15 in the middle part of the deep-wrap adapter 6

The upper parts 16 of the arcuate plate 7 have a width along the inner surfaces corresponding to the distance between the recesses 15 of the deep-reach adapter 6, and at a height corresponding to the radius of the outer ring of the bearing 5 from the lower part 17 of the arcuate plate 7 have the width of the upper parts 16 in the range from 35 to 55 mm, ensuring their placement in the recesses 15 (Fig. 1) of the longitudinal protrusions 11 of the adapter 6 deep coverage.

For fastening the arcuate plate 7 on the adapter 6 deep sweep in its upper parts 16 made holes 19 for bolts 9, screwed into the threaded holes in the upper projections 10 of the adapter 6 deep sweep. When tightening the bolts 9, the upper parts 16 of the arcuate plate 7 are bent to the upper protrusions 10 of the adapter 6 of the deep coverage at an angle y relative to its upper part of the recess 15, which contributes to the rigid fixation of the arcuate plate 7 on the adapter 6 of the deep coverage using two bolts 9 of fastening to ensure design clearance 5 ... 8 mm between the outer ring of the bearing 5 and the inner curved surfaces of the strips at the notch 18 in the lower part of the arcuate plate 7.

To lock the bolts 9 in a tightened state, not only spring washers 20 were used, but also the conventional strapping with annealed wire 21 of the bolt heads 9. For this, in one of the corners of each upper part 16 of the arcuate plate 7, a hole 22 with a diameter of 5 ... 7 mm is made and the end of this corner bent outward by a bend angle of 30 to 60 degrees to install the annealed wire 21 into the hole 22 and the hole in the head of the bolt 9, followed by twisting and cutting.

To improve the conditions for tightening the bolts 9 in terms of the tightness of adhesion of the surfaces of the upper ends 16 of the arcuate plate 7 to the inclined surfaces of the upper projections 9 of the adapter 6 of deep coverage, which are not parallel in the initial state, the upper ends 16 of the arcuate plate 7 are bent outward at a length from the ends corresponding to the width of the upper ends arcuate plate 7 at an angle δ equal to the bending angle of the upper part 16 of the arcuate plate 7 above the recess 12 in the middle part of the longitudinal projections 11 after fixing it, taking into account the angle of inclination £ of the wall of the upper projections 9 of the adapter 6 of deep coverage from the vertical.

The solution to the main problem of axle boxes with an adapter - force interaction in the longitudinal direction with the side frame of the bogie - in the utility model is carried out as follows. In the case of an adapter with limited arc of contact with the outer ring of the bearing (less than 150 °), the beginning of the longitudinal stop on the adapter starts at the height Rsinβ, where the angle β is measured from the horizontal passing through the bearing axis to the beginning of the arc of coverage on the adapter (more than 15 °). The vertical load from the axle opening of the side frame, through the adapter and the bearing, is balanced by the response of the wheelset axle journal to the inner ring of the bearing. The longitudinal force of interaction between the side frame and the adapter is perceived by one of the half of the contact arc, which is a wedge of a variable angle of inclination, which causes a vertical reaction tending to break the contact of the cylindrical surfaces. In the extreme position, the contact break turns into the point (line) of the beginning of the sweeping arc. In this case, the balance of the adapter is ensured by the equality of the moments of the vertical P and longitudinal F forces relative to this point:

P⋅R⋅cosβ = F⋅R⋅sinβ

The vertical load on the adapter in freight car bogies is variable (from tare to wagon gross). The inertial longitudinal load on the adapter is also variable, but when dismantling freight cars from the humps, regardless of the axial load, a constant longitudinal force of 120 kN is normalized for the effect on the wheel rim of the wheelset from hump retarders. In this case, the variable vertical force acting on the adapter in the extreme position to prevent rupture of the contact of the bearing with the adapter is determined by the inequality:

P≥F⋅tgβ = 39 _{(β = 18 °} ) kN (4 tf)

The angle β = 18 ° is adopted according to the patent No. RU 101985 U1 as the average angle in the limited coverage adapter. Taking into account the unsprung weight of the wheelset with two axle boxes (~ 2 t), to prevent breaking the contact under the car container, an axial load of ≥ 10 tf (car tare weight 40 t) will be required, which sharply limits the car's carrying capacity. If this condition is not met, then the contact of the cylindrical surfaces of the adapter and the outer ring of the bearing breaks, especially when there is a gap to the displacement limiters - according to patent No. RU 101985 U1, this is the gap to the lock, fixed on the side frame of the bogie. But breaking the contact along the cylindrical surfaces leads to the possibility of longitudinal movement of the bearing in the axle-box opening, as a result of which the excess longitudinal force turns into an impact of the outer ring of the bearing into the vertical wall of the axle-box opening with negative consequences for the bearing life.

The technical result from the claimed utility model

At present, design and technological documentation has been developed for the claimed utility model, a pilot batch of axle boxes with adapters for freight car bogies has been manufactured, and comprehensive tests of pilot cars are being carried out.

Claims (3)

1. Axlebox assembly with a deep coverage adapter of a freight car bogie, containing a bearing with its attachment components on a wheel pair, an adapter mounted on a bearing with thrust collars on the landing surface, with supporting surfaces of the upper protrusions for installing the axlebox opening of the side frame of the bogie on them, with lower longitudinal and lateral protrusions for the guide thrust elements of the axle opening of the side frame and with a recess in the middle part of the longitudinal protrusions, as well as an arcuate plate fixed to the adapter and enveloping the bearing from below, characterized in that the mounting gap in width between thrust collars of the adapter seat surface and the width of the outer ring of the bearing is no more than 2 mm, the arcuate plate is made with a distance in width between its upper parts for installation on the adapter, equal to the distance between the recesses in the middle part of the longitudinal projections of the adapter, with the bend radius of the lower part of the arcuate plate, respectively equal to half the distance between the recesses in the middle part of the adapter, with the width in the lower part of the arcuate plate corresponding to the width of the bearing outer ring and having a rectangular cut in the sweep of the arcuate plate with a length of at least the diameter of the outer ring of the bearing and a width of at least 2/3 of the width of the outer ring of the bearing , the upper parts of the arcuate plate at a height corresponding to the radius of the outer ring of the bearing from the lower part of the arcuate plate, have a width of 35 to 55 mm, ensuring their placement in the recesses of the longitudinal protrusions of the adapter and through the holes made at the ends of the arcuate plate, bolted in the threaded holes , made in the upper protrusions of the adapter providing a design clearance of 5 ... 8 mm between the outer ring of the bearing and the inner curved surfaces of the strips at the cutout in the lower part of the arcuate plate. 2. Axle box unit with a deep coverage adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that a hole with a diameter of 5 ... 7 mm is made in one of the corners of the upper parts of the arcuate plate and the end of the corner is bent outward at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees. 3. Axle box unit with a deep reach adapter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper ends of the arcuate plate are bent outward at a length from the ends corresponding to the width of the upper ends of the arcuate plate at an angle equal to the bending angle of the upper part of the arcuate plate above the recess in the middle part of the longitudinal projections after fixing it to the adapter, taking into account the angle of inclination of the wall of the upper projections of the adapter from the vertical.

Images