RU2775041C1 - Railway vehicle bogie - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of railway transport, in particular to trucks of railway vehicles. The box openings of the bogie contain adapters. The adapters rest with their seating surface on the outer ring of the wheelset bearing. The adapter contains supporting and guiding surfaces, as well as protrusions on the end planes. The movement of the adapter relative to the bearing is limited by a limiter. The limiter is made with a technological window and is fixed to the adapter. The window is made in the form of an elongated circle. The mounting surface of the adapter is made in the form of a jumper between the paired end ledges facing the vertical surfaces of the pedestal opening. The limiter is fixed in the lower part of the adapter in the mounting surface. The mounting surface is made lower than the height of the protrusions.

EFFECT: invention increases the reliability of the trolley.

15 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, concerns the structures of freight car bogies, in particular the design of the installation of a wheel pair in the axlebox opening of the side frame of a freight railway bogie.

Known bogie axle box of a railway vehicle, containing located in the axle box opening of the side frame adapter, based landing contact surface on the outer ring of the cassette-type bearing mounted on the extreme part of the wheelset, while the adapter has support and guiding contact surfaces that provide interaction with the surfaces of the axle box side frame opening, and protrusions on the end planes that limit the horizontal movement of the adapter in the pedestal opening. On each side of the adapter, between two paired protrusions, on the mounting surface of the adapter there is one mounting hole, through which a limiter is fixed on the adapter, which limits the movement of the adapter relative to the wheel pair bearing, while a limiter in the form of a rectangular bracket is fixed on the adapter by means of a threaded connection, at the ends of which shelves with holes are made. The bracket is attached to the mounting surface of the adapter by the shelves, and a part of the threaded connection is passed through the holes in the bracket shelves and the mounting holes in the adapter, along with this, the bracket goes around the outer ring of the wheelset bearing (Patent for utility model No. RU 161326 U1, IPC B61F 5/26, published on 20.04.2016).

The disadvantage of this design of the axle box is the possibility of self-unscrewing (self-unscrewing) of the limiter from the threaded connection, which fixes the limiter on the adapter during operation, since the threaded connection is made without an additional degree of protection, which can lead to self-loosening. Another disadvantage is the inability to monitor the technical (temperature) condition of the bearing due to the lack of a technological window in the limiter (bracket), which can subsequently lead to its overheating and jamming.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 203456 for a utility model, a axlebox assembly with an adapter for deep coverage of a freight car bogie is known, containing a bearing with components for its fastening on a wheel pair, an adapter mounted on the bearing with thrust collars on the seating surface, with bearing surfaces of the upper ledges for installation on them axle box opening of the side frame of the bogie, with lower longitudinal and lateral protrusions for guide thrust elements of the axle box opening of the side frame and with a recess in the middle part of the longitudinal protrusions, as well as an arcuate plate fixed on the adapter and enveloping the bottom of the bearing, characterized in that the mounting gap in width between the thrust collars of the mounting surface of the adapter and the width of the outer ring of the bearing is no more than 2 mm, the arcuate plate is made with a width distance between its upper parts for installation on the adapter, equal to the distance between the recesses in the middle part of the longitudinal projections of the adapter, with a radius bending of the lower part of the arcuate plate, corresponding to half the distance between the recesses in the middle part of the adapter, with a width in the lower part of the arcuate plate corresponding to the width of the outer ring of the bearing and having a rectangular cut in the development of the arcuate plate with a length not less than the diameter of the outer ring of the bearing and a width not less than 2 /3 the width of the outer ring of the bearing, the upper parts of the arcuate plate at a height corresponding to the radius of the outer ring of the bearing from the lower part of the arcuate plate, have a width of 35 to 55 mm, ensuring their placement in the recesses of the longitudinal projections of the adapter and through the holes made at the ends of the arcuate plate , are bolted in threaded holes made in the upper ledges of the adapter to provide a calculated clearance of 5...8 mm between the outer ring of the bearing and the inner curved surfaces of the strips at the cutout in the lower part of the arcuate plate.

The utility model according to patent No. 203 456 was chosen as the closest analogue.

The disadvantage of this adapter design is the technological window in the limiter, which is made of a rectangular shape, which causes an increased accumulation of stresses at the vertices of the corners of the rectangle in the limiter window, which leads to the possibility of cracks, faster wear and less reliability of the limiter. These shortcomings can lead to the disengagement of the wheel pair bearing from the adapter, as well as damage to the axle box opening of the freight car side bogie frame due to the beating of the strip against the side frame, thereby reducing the reliability of the axle box assembly and reducing the service life of the bogie.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the lack of reliability and rapid wear of the limiter, which is caused by the lack of optimal parameters of the technological window, and, accordingly, the insufficient reliability of the axle box and the bogie.

The technical result achieved by the invention is to increase the reliability of the bogie by creating a more reliable design of the axlebox assembly, while maintaining the possibility of identifying the type of bearing and its technical condition.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the bogie of the railway vehicle contains side frames, wheelsets with axlebox assemblies that take the load from the side frames, a bolster resting on spring sets located in the spring openings of the side frames, located in the axlebox opening of the side frame an adapter resting with its landing contact surface on the outer ring of the wheelset bearing, wherein the adapter has supporting and guiding contact surfaces that provide interaction with the surfaces of the pedestal opening of the side frame, and protrusions on the end planes, made with the possibility of limiting the horizontal movement of the adapter in the pedestal opening, limiter , limiting the movement of the adapter relative to the wheel pair bearing, fixed to the adapter by means of a fastening device, is made with a technological window, along with this, the limiter goes around the outer ring of the bearing, according to the invention the mounting surface is made in the form of a jumper between the paired end ledges facing the vertical surfaces of the box opening, and at the same time with them, the limiter is fastened in the lower part of the adapter in the mounting surface, while the mounting surface is made lower than the height of the adapter ledges, distance from the center technological window to the contour of the technological window in the short part of the technological window a is in the range of 25-60 mm, and the distance from the center of the technological window to the contour of the technological window in the long part of the technological window b is in the range of 60-150 mm, while the technological window is made in the form in the form of an elongated circle.

The adapter may be a single cast structure.

The adapter may be a single cast structure made of steel.

The adapter as a whole may have a rectangular configuration.

A cassette type bearing can be installed in the cart.

The distance from the center of the technological window to the contour of the technological window gradually increases, passing from the value a in the short part of the technological window to the value b in the long part of the technological window, while the increase can be in the range from 25 mm to 150 mm.

The technological window can be made in a shape close to oval.

The technological window can be made in a shape close to an elongated circle.

The bending radius of the lower part of the limiter can be in the range of 165-175 mm.

The clearance between the bearing and the limiter can be made from 1 to 10 mm.

The length of the technological window of the limiter can be in the range of 120-300 mm.

The width of the technological window of the limiter can be in the range of 50-120 mm.

The distance between the protrusions of the adapter can be in the range of 323-333 mm.

The attachment device may include a tip, a retaining ring, and a washer.

The fastening device can be implemented in the form of a tip with a nut

The fastening device can be implemented in the form of a bolted connection.

The tip of the attachment device may include a mounting slot.

The fastening device can be rigidly fixed to the stopper by welding.

The fastening device can be made as a single element with a limiter.

The connection of the limiter with the adapter can be additionally secured with a safety element installed in the device for fastening.

A cotter pin can be used as a safety element.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the figures:

- in Fig. 1 shows a trolley;

- in Fig. 2, 3 shows the axle box;

- in Fig. 4 shows the attachment device;

- in Fig. 5 shows the limiter, side view;

- in Fig. 6 shows the limiter, scan.

The bogie of a railway vehicle (Fig. 1) contains wheelsets 1 with axle boxes 2, which take the load from the side frame 3 of the bogie, a bolster 4 resting on spring sets 5 located in the spring openings of the side frames 3.

The axlebox assembly 2 (Fig. 2, 3) of the railway vehicle trolley contains an axlebox opening 6 having horizontal 7 and vertical 8 bearing surfaces, located in the axlebox opening 6 of the side frame 3 adapter 10, supported by a landing (cylindrical, arcuate shape) contact surface on the outer ring of the bearing 9 mounted on the neck of the axle of the wheelset 1. The adapter 10 has support 11 and guides 12 contact surfaces that provide interaction with the surfaces 7, 8 of the pedestal opening 6 of the side frame 3, and the protrusions 13 on the end sides 14 of the adapter 10 facing to the pedestal openings 6 of the side frame 3 and made with the possibility of limiting the horizontal movement of the adapter 10 in the pedestal opening 6.

The adapter 10 is a single cast metal structure, made of steel, for example, which generally has a rectangular shape.

Also, on each side 15 of the adapter 10, between two paired protrusions 13 in the form of a jumper, a mounting surface 16 is made. On the mounting surface 16 of the adapter 10, at least one mounting hole 17 is made, through which a limiter 18 is fixed on the adapter distance of movement between the adapter 10 and the outer ring of the bearing 9 of the wheelset 1 and providing the calculated clearance in the vertical direction. The limiter 18 is fixed at each of its ends to the adapter 10 by means of a fastening device 19.

During the formation of the composition on the marshalling yards, when the cars are hooked to each other, their collision is possible and, as a result, the car bounces, at the moment the adapter 10 is disengaged from the side frame 3 by the horizontal plane and there is a possibility of the bolt head breaking off, which secures the limiter 18, if the specified the bolt is located on the surface of the adapter 10 and is not hidden in the recess.

Fastening of the limiter 18 in the upper part of the adapter 10 is impossible, which is caused by the design of the adapter 10 used, therefore, the fastening of the limiter 18 is implemented in the lower part of the adapter 10 in the mounting surface 16, made integral with the protrusions 13, facing the vertical surfaces 8 of the pedestal opening 6.

In particular, the shape of the end sides 14 of the adapter 10, made in the form of protrusions 13, facing the axle box opening of the side 6 of the frame 3, with a mounting surface 16 made between these protrusions 13 (along with the end protrusions 13) with a lower height than the height of the protrusions 13 of the adapter 10 made it possible to make the attachment point of the limiter 18 in the adapter 10 in a recess, and therefore more protected from the possibility of breaking off the fastening, as a result of a collision with the frame 3, that is, a reliable fastening of the limiter 18 with the adapter 10 was created, which contributes to increasing the reliability of the trolley. This shape of the adapter 10 made it impossible to mount the limiter 18 in the upper part of the adapter (as in the selected closest analogue), but it allows the limiter to be fixed without violating its strength characteristics and to prevent the limiter 18 fastening from breaking off.

The attachment device 19 (Fig. 4) includes a tip 19.1, a retaining ring 19.2 and a washer 19.3.

To fix the limiter 18 on the adapter 10, two fastening devices 19 are used, each of which is located at the end of the limiter 18. Using the lug 19.1, the fastening device 19 can be rigidly fixed to the limiter 18, for example, by welding. The attachment device 19 can be made as a single element with the limiter 18, that is, when the tip 19.1 will be a continuation of the limiter 18.

In the fixed state, the fastening device 19 is located in the mounting surface 16 of the adapter 10, namely: the tip 19.1 is located in the hole 17 of the adapter 10 (Fig. 4), a retaining ring 19.2 is mounted on the tip 19.1, limited by a screwed washer 19.3. To install the retaining ring 19.2, the tip 19.1 contains a mounting slot 19.4. The described fastening device 19 is not the only one applicable, it is given as an example of the implementation of the fastening device 19, it is possible to use other elements in a different sequence, for example, a lug with a nut, a bolt connection, a retaining ring with a cotter pin.

If necessary, after installation of the device for fastening 19 into the body of the adapter 10, it can be additionally fixed with a safety element 20, which can be used, for example, a cotter pin. Element 20 performs the function of additional reinforcement in the mount and in case of failure of the retaining ring 19.2 and is installed in the hole of the tip 19.1, its use will prevent the elements of the device for fastening 19 from coming out of the hole in the adapter 10, the limiter 18 will fall out of the adapter 10, providing a more reliable fixation in the adapter 10, which subsequently can exclude the exit of the wheelset 1 from engagement with the adapter 10, that is, improve the design of the axle box 2 and increase the reliability of the bogie. This solution is optional, but will improve reliability if necessary for the design.

The bending radius of the lower part of the limiter 18 is in the range of 165-175 mm, and the gap between the bearing 9 and the limiter 18 can be from 1 to 10 mm. It is not recommended to use limiter 18 with a bending radius outside the specified range and a gap between limiter 18 and bearing 9 of more than 10 mm, as this can lead to deterioration in the characteristics of the axlebox assembly 2 and the disengagement of bearing 9 from adapter 10.

During the operation of the bogie, bearings 9 require constant inspection and monitoring of their technical condition, improper control or its absence leads to their overheating, which in the future can lead to jamming or to the use of bearing 9 with a worn outer ring, which leads to the wheel pair coming off rail (respectively with a bogie and a wagon). In this regard, the limiter 18 (Fig. 5), which excludes the exit of the wheelset 1 from engagement with the adapter 10, is made with a technological window 21, designed to identify the type of bearing 9 and determine its technical condition, including temperature.

Window 21 (Fig. 6) is made in a shape with a smoothly changing contour, a shape in the form of an elongated circle.

In this application, an elongated circle means, for example, an oval shape, an ellipse shape, a geometric shape that has a pair of opposite parallel lines that are closed by two opposite arcuate contours (https://yandex.ru/images/search?text= %D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83 %D0%B3&from=tabbar).

This solution made it possible to avoid the use of corners in the window 21, in which the greatest stresses are concentrated during operation and deformation occurs, which leads to the formation of cracks in the limiter 18, its wear, and subsequently can lead to premature failure of the bogie. The distance a from the center of the window 21 to the outline of the window 21 in the short part of the window 21 is in the range of 25-60 mm (along the width of the window 21), and the distance b from the center of the window 21 to the outline of the window 21 in the long part of the window 21 is in the range of 60- 150 mm (along the length of the window 21). It is not recommended to make window 21 with distance b less than 60 mm in length and distance a less than 25 mm in width, as this can lead to unreliable measurement readings associated with a small measurement surface area, and it is also not recommended to make window 21 with distance b more than 150 mm in length and a distance of more than 60 mm across the width of the limiter 18, since the window 21 will occupy most of the limiter 18, which will lead to its breakage, adversely affect its reliability and service life. At the same time, the distance from the center of the technological window to the contour of the technological window gradually increases, moving from the value a in the short part of the technological window to the value b in the long part of the technological window in the range from 25 mm to 150 mm in order to reduce and evenly distribute the 21 loads.

The use of a smoothly changing shape of the technological window 21 with the specified dimensions of the window 21 and a smooth transition from the short to the long part made it possible to optimize the characteristics and evenly distribute the operating loads, while maintaining the possibility of identifying the bearing.

The dimensions of the technological window 21 may vary depending on the design features of the limiter 18, for example, the length windows 21 can be 120-300 mm, and the width is in the range of 50-120 mm.

An example of an implementation can be a trolley, in the axle box of which a limiter 18 is installed, the contour of the technological window 21 of which is close to an elongated circle with smooth changes, the distance from the center of the window 21 to the contour of the window 21 in the short part a = 50 mm, and the distance from the center of the window 21 to the contour of the window 21 in the long part b = 125 mm, while the distance from the center of the technological window to the contour of the technological window gradually increases, passing from the value a in the short part of the technological window to the value b in the long part of the technological window in the range from 50 mm to 125 mm.

In the claimed invention, due to the creation of the design of the axle box assembly with optimized characteristics of the technological window of the limiter and a recessed place for attaching the limiter to the adapter, its service life is extended and it is possible to create a more reliable freight car bogie capable of long operation, while maintaining the possibility of identifying the type of bearing and its technical condition.

Claims (19)

1. A bogie of a railway vehicle, containing side frames, wheelsets with axleboxes that take the load from the side frames, a bolster supported by spring sets located in the spring openings of the side frames, an adapter located in the axlebox opening of the side frame, resting with its landing contact surface on the outer ring of the wheelset bearing, while the adapter has supporting and guiding contact surfaces that provide interaction with the surfaces of the pedestal opening of the side frame, and protrusions on the end planes, made with the possibility of limiting the horizontal movement of the adapter in the pedestal opening, a limiter, limiting movement of the adapter relative to the wheel pair bearing, fixed with the adapter by means of a fastening device, is made with a technological window, along with this, the limiter goes around the outer ring of the bearing, characterized in that the mounting surface is made in the form of a jumper between the paired end ledges facing the vertical surfaces of the box opening, and at the same time with them, the limiter is fixed in the lower part of the adapter in the mounting surface, while the mounting surface is made lesser than the height of the adapter ledges , the distance from the center of the technological window to the contour of the technological window in the short part of the technological window a is in the range of 25-60 mm, and the distance from the center of the technological window to the contour of the technological window in the long part of the technological window b is in the range of 60-150 mm, while the technological window is made in the form of an elongated circle. 2. The trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance from the center of the technological window to the contour of the technological window gradually increases, passing from the value a in the short part of the technological window to the value b in the long part of the technological window in the range from 25 mm to 150 mm. 3. The trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the technological window is made in a shape close to an elongated circle, has an oval shape. 4. The trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the technological window is made in a shape close to an elongated circle, has the shape of an ellipse. 5. The trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the technological window is made in a shape close to an elongated circle, has a geometric shape having a pair of opposite parallel straight lines, which are closed by two opposite arcuate contours. 6. Trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the bending radius of the lower part of the limiter is in the range of 165-175 mm. 7. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the bearing and the limiter is made from 1 to 10 mm. 8. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment device includes a tip, a retaining ring and a washer. 9. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening device is implemented in the form of a tip with a nut. 10. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening device is implemented in the form of a bolted connection. 11. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip of the attachment device contains a landing slot. 12. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment device is rigidly fixed to the limiter by welding. 13. Cart according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening device is made as a single element with a limiter. 14. The trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the limiter with the adapter is additionally secured with a safety element installed in the fastening device. 15. Cart according to claim 14, characterized in that a cotter pin is used as a safety element.

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