RU2768398C1 - Sowing machine for row sowing of tobacco seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. Seeder comprises a bed, a sealed tank with a mixer and a cover, into which there is a pipe open on both sides, one end of which is submerged into the working fluid and the other end is communicated with the atmosphere, a distributor and a drive. Pneumatic mixer is used to mix the working fluid with the seeds. To adjust the pipe height and maintain tightness, an elastic coupling is provided. Supply of working fluid from the distributor and sowing of seeds is carried out directly through hydraulic seed tubes fixed on the bar with a seed sowing pitch equal to the distance between rows for growing seedlings, which are equipped with replaceable tips with holes of different diameter. Formation of furrows for sealing of seeds to a depth is carried out with working fluid at its outflow under pressure as a hydraulic ploughshare.EFFECT: simplified design, increased uniformity of seeds embedding into soil, reduced damage of seeds.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering. The seeder is designed for sowing seeds of tobacco and other seedlings in greenhouses and greenhouses in a row way.

A well-known seeder for row seeding of seeds (RF Patent No. 2530497, Op. 10.10.2014, bull. No. 28), consisting of a bed, a tank with a mechanical agitator, equipped with a ring with blades made in the form of an Archimedes spiral and U-shaped elements, a drive which is communicated with the support wheel. The agitator provides a turbulent flow of liquid with seeds through the seed ducts, which fall into the grooves previously made by mechanical coulters, the seeds are covered with soil with harrows, and the soil is then leveled by the press wheels. The seeder is used for sowing seeds of vegetable crops, but for use, for example, in a greenhouse economy, it has an excessive bulky design that compacts the soil.

A hydropneumatic seeding device is known (RF Patent No. 2536932, Op. When the device moves, the outflowing jet of liquid, like a hydraulic coulter, makes a groove on the soil surface, through the seed-transporting tube, the seeds are transported by compressed air to the bottom of the groove. The disadvantage is that separate forced, hydraulic fluid supply and pneumatic seed supply structurally complicate the device.

A well-known seeder for row sowing of tobacco seeds (utility model patent No. 178798, Op. 19.04.2018, Bull. No. 11), containing a frame, a tank with a stirrer, a distributor, a sowing pipe, a drive and a device for ensuring a constant pressure of the outflow of the working fluid in in the form of a sealed tank with a lid, into which a tube open at both ends is inserted, one end immersed in a liquid, and the other end communicating with the atmosphere, with the possibility of adjusting the vertical height. This seeder is taken as a prototype. It has a simple design, but its disadvantage is the low accuracy of seed placement in depth and damage to the seeds due to erosion and disturbance of the microrelief of the soil surface as a result of the spreading of the mixture of seeds and working fluid.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design, increase the uniformity of seeding into the soil in depth, reduce damage to the seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a seeder for row sowing of tobacco seeds, containing a frame, a sealed tank with a stirrer and a lid, into which a pipe open on both sides is inserted, one end immersed in the working fluid, and the other end communicating with the atmosphere, a distributor and drive, according to the invention, a pneumatic agitator is used to mix the working fluid with seeds, an elastic coupling is provided to adjust the pipe in height and maintain tightness, the working fluid is supplied from the distributor and the seeds are sown directly through the hydraulic seed pipes mounted on the boom with a seed sowing step equal to the distance between rows for growing seedlings, which are equipped with replaceable tips with holes of a given diameter, and the formation of furrows for planting seeds to a depth is carried out by the working fluid when it flows out under pressure like a hydraulic coulter.

, где g - ускорение свободного падения; Н - высота слоя жидкости). Давление зависит от высоты слоя Н, расстояния между погруженным в жидкость нижним концом трубы и выпускным отверстием бака. Отличительной особенностью от прототипа является способ перемешивания рабочей жидкости в баке. Для упрощения конструкции и исключения неудобства в эксплуатации сеялки, механическая мешалка с электроприводом, расположенным на консоли в верхней части устройства, заменена пневматической мешалкой, представляющей собой воздуховод в виде спирали с отверстиями, размещенный на дне бака. Воздуховод присоединен к компрессору для подачи воздуха. Компрессор размещен на общем шасси, как и само устройство сеялки. Пневматическая мешалка обеспечивает перемешивание семян в жидкости и турбулентное течение рабочей жидкости по гидросемяпроводам. На воздуховоде, выполненном в виде спирали, отверстия расположены как на верхней его поверхности, так и на боковой, для того, чтобы семена не оседали на дне бака, при этом расстояние воздуховода от дна минимальное, на уровне выпускного отверстия.In the proposed invention, similarly to the prototype, to ensure a constant flow of the working fluid, the principle inherent in the device of the Mariotte vessel is used, which makes it possible to achieve a uniform outflow of a jet of liquid due to constant pressure. Due to the sealed tank with a pipe, the water pressure is regulated, which affects the rate of outflow of the liquid (in accordance with the Torricelli formula

, where g - free fall acceleration; H is the height of the liquid layer). The pressure depends on the height of the layer H, the distance between the lower end of the pipe immersed in the liquid and the outlet of the tank. A distinctive feature of the prototype is the method of mixing the working fluid in the tank. To simplify the design and eliminate inconvenience in the operation of the seeder, the mechanical agitator with an electric drive, located on the console in the upper part of the device, was replaced by a pneumatic agitator, which is an air duct in the form of a spiral with holes, located at the bottom of the tank. The air duct is connected to the compressor for air supply. The compressor is placed on a common chassis, as is the planter itself. Pneumatic agitator provides mixing of seeds in liquid and turbulent flow of working liquid through hydraulic seed pipelines. On the air duct, made in the form of a spiral, the holes are located both on its upper surface and on the side, so that the seeds do not settle on the bottom of the tank, while the distance of the air duct from the bottom is minimal, at the level of the outlet.

, равном расстоянию между рядами для выращивания стандартной рассады, оснащены трубками со сменными наконечниками, имеющими отверстия различного диаметра, обеспечивающими истечение струи рабочей жидкости с семенами различных размеров под давлением с образованием борозды. Струя рабочей жидкости легко образует борозду в почве (питательной смеси) как гидравлический сошник, так как перед посевом производится предварительное рыхление и соответствующая подготовка почвы. В зависимости от диаметра отверстий, при смене наконечников, давление меняется, поэтому заделка семян может производиться на различную глубину. Равное давление течения рабочей жидкости по гидросемяпроводам и рядковый посев непосредственно из них, исключая промежуточную высевающую трубу (как в прототипе), повышает равномерность заделки семян в почву по глубине и уменьшает повреждения семян за счет снижения гидравлического сопротивления.For row sowing, hydro seed ducts are fixed on a rod with a seed sowing step -

, equal to the distance between the rows for growing standard seedlings, are equipped with tubes with replaceable tips, having holes of various diameters, which ensure the outflow of a jet of working fluid with seeds of various sizes under pressure with the formation of a furrow. The jet of the working fluid easily forms a furrow in the soil (nutrient mixture) as a hydraulic coulter, since prior to sowing, preliminary loosening and appropriate preparation of the soil are carried out. Depending on the diameter of the holes, when changing the tips, the pressure changes, so the seeds can be placed at different depths. The equal pressure of the flow of the working fluid through the hydraulic seed pipes and row sowing directly from them, excluding the intermediate sowing pipe (as in the prototype), increases the uniformity of seeding into the soil in depth and reduces seed damage by reducing hydraulic resistance.

In FIG. 1 shows a seeder for row sowing of tobacco seeds. In FIG. 2 shows a graph of the dependence of the flow rate of the working fluid on the height H, the location of the lower end of the pipe from the drain hole of the tank. In FIG. 3 shows a graph of the dependence of the depth of seeding into the soil on the pressure regulated by replaceable tips of various diameters on the tubes of hydroseed pipelines.

The seeder contains a frame 1, a tank 2 for a working fluid, which is a mixture of water with tobacco seeds, having a hermetically sealed cover 3. A pipe 5 is fixed in the cover 3 by means of an elastic coupling 4, which allows you to move the pipe vertically to adjust its height without violating the tightness of the cover. At the bottom of the tank there is a pneumatic agitator 6 in the form of a spiral with holes, in the lower part of the tank there is a drain hole 7, a distributor 8 for supplying the working fluid to the hydraulic seed pipes 10. The hydraulic seed pipes 10, mounted on the rod 9 with a certain seed sowing pitch, are equipped with replaceable tips 11, having holes of different diameters, a compressor 12 is placed on the frame.

Preparation of a seeder for work is carried out as follows. After filling the tank 2 with water, the height H and the diameter of the holes at the tips 11 are selected, which provide the pressure and speed of the outflow of fluid from the hydraulic seed tubes 10, necessary for the formation of grooves in the soil of the greenhouse, taking into account Fig. 2 and FIG. 3.

Seeder for row sowing tobacco seeds works as follows. The working fluid is poured into the tank 2 from a mixture of water and seeds, then by adjusting the height H along the vertical of the pipe 5, through the coupling 4, the speed of the outflow of the working fluid necessary for sowing the seeds and the depth of seeding are selected. The rod 9 with the hydraulic seed pipes fixed on it with the appropriate pitch is installed in the working position above the soil surface. Each hydroseed tube corresponds to its seed sowing furrow. Through the compressor 12, air is supplied to the pneumatic mixer 6, the seeds are mixed and kept in suspension, forming a working fluid. When the seeder moves, the seeds that are in suspension in the water from the tank 2 through the drain hole 7 and the distributor 8 enter the hydraulic seed pipes 10 equipped with tips 11. on the bottom of which seeds are deposited. The depth of wetting of the nutrient mixture in the grooves eliminates the scattering of seeds, and their supply directly from the hydraulic seed pipes, bypassing the distribution pipe, which creates additional resistance, reduces injury to the seeds. The seeding rate is controlled by the flow rate of the working fluid and the speed of the seeder. After sowing, the greenhouse is sprinkled with a greenhouse mixture without compaction.

The required flow rate of the working fluid is set depending on the pressure, regulated by the height of the lower end of the tube 5 in the tank from the drain hole 7, Fig. 2.

, где μ коэффициент расхода, зависящий от варианта формы наконечника; S - площадь отверстия наконечника,

), фиг. 3.With a constant pressure set, the depth of seed placement in the furrow is regulated depending on the pressure, and, accordingly, the flow rate of the working fluid, when it flows through the tip with a certain hole diameter (in accordance with the formula

, where μ is the flow rate factor depending on the variant of the tip shape; S - tip hole area,

), Fig. 3.

The uniformity of seed settling to the bottom of the grooves and the equal depth of their embedding in the nutrient mixture is ensured by sowing the seeds under pressure. The simultaneous use of the working fluid for sowing seeds and as a mechanism for the formation of grooves, that is, as a hydraulic coulter, simplified the design of the seeder, reducing the number of nodes. The use of a pneumatic method of mixing seeds also simplified the design and improved its operating conditions, row sowing greatly facilitated the care of seedlings (weeding). Tests of the proposed planter showed a positive result.

Claims (1)

Seeder for row sowing of tobacco seeds, containing a frame, a sealed tank with a stirrer and a lid, into which a pipe open on both sides is inserted, one end immersed in the working fluid and the other end communicating with the atmosphere, a distributor and a drive, characterized in that for mixing a pneumatic agitator is used to adjust the pipe in height and maintain tightness, an elastic coupling is provided, the supply of the working fluid from the distributor and the sowing of seeds is carried out directly through the hydraulic seed pipes fixed on the bar with a seed sowing step equal to the distance between the rows for growing seedlings, which equipped with interchangeable tips with holes of various diameters, and the formation of furrows for planting seeds to a depth is carried out by the working fluid when it flows out under pressure like a hydraulic coulter.

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