RU2765488C1 - Greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: greenhouse includes a foundation base, sloping translucent enclosures, the panels of which face the south and are oriented along the possible direction of the sun's rays, working passage on rear heat-insulated panel and devices for heating and sprinkling. Front and rear panels are framed by a frame made of electrically conductive material in the form of faces of a quadrangular pyramid, the vertices of the base of which are oriented to cardinal points and are grounded. Panels and jumpers between them are made of dielectric material. Top of the pyramid is equipped with a lightning rod and / or is electrically connected to converter and accumulator. Said devices automatic control system includes at least one temperature and humidity sensor, outputs of which are connected to part of inputs of arithmetic-logic device, made with function of receiving signals from sensors comparing obtained data with control and issuing control signals for switching on said devices. Other part of the inputs of the arithmetic logic device is connected to the outputs of the removable read-only memory, on which the program of the selected climatic zone and the program of growing the selected plant of this climatic zone are recorded. Third part of the inputs is connected to the outputs of the position sensors of the said devices, the inputs of which are connected through the automatic control system to the outputs of the arithmetic logic device and the inputs of the indication unit. Pitched translucent enclosures along the lower perimeter are equipped with a polyethylene chute articulated with the irrigation system. Pitched translucent enclosures in their lower part are equipped with cleaning brushes installed on the telescopic device and driven by an electric drive connected to an automatic control system. Along the rear panels above the ground there are multicultivators, the actuator of which is connected to the automatic control system, equipped with atomisers, which are connected by means of metal-ceramic tubes located inside the axis of muticultivator, with the irrigation device. Moisture sensor is made in the form of a mobile microwave device placed in the extreme working elements of the multicultivator. Heating devices include thermal panels located along the perimeter and along the area of the greenhouse. Shutters are made of glass with a coating applied on it, which is made with the possibility of controlling the solar heat inflow. Plant irradiation system in a greenhouse contains sodium lamps as the main light sources, and LED lamps as additional light sources, including several types of light-emitting diodes, the emission maxima of which lie within blue 400–500 nm and far-red 700–800 nm spectral ranges, wherein blue light-emitting diodes emission peaks are located at 440–460 nm and 480–490 nm. In extreme working elements of multicultivator there is a penetrometer. Plant growth is controlled by means of a plant growth monitoring module, which includes a chirp mounted on a drone.

EFFECT: invention provides higher efficiency of greenhouse use.

1 cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to protected ground structures, and can be used in household plots and farms.

Known greenhouse with glass fencing, incl. enclosed in a removable frame (patent for invention RU No. 2011336 [1]). The disadvantages of such a greenhouse are: low mechanical strength of glass, relatively large mass of glass and frames, the complexity or impossibility of dismantling the frame (greenhouse) for off-season preservation.

A greenhouse design is known, which is a frame covered with a continuous film (utility model patent RU No. 30058 U1 [2]). The disadvantages of such a greenhouse are: rapid "aging" of the film under the influence of temperature and weather changes, mechanical destruction of the film when pulled on the frame and removed from it, during operation of the greenhouse - from fluctuations under the influence of wind.

Known greenhouse (utility model patent RU No. 85298 U1, 10.08.2009 [3]), the design of which can be used for greenhouses and small greenhouses. A characteristic feature of this design is the presence of grooves in the frame arcs, along which translucent sheets move, providing the formation of openings for ventilation and plant care. The disadvantage of this solution is the difficulty in making grooves in the arcs, as well as certain difficulties associated with the "jamming" of the sheets when they move in the grooves.

The technical result, which is aimed at the well-known utility model (RU No. 103272 U1, 10.04.2011 [4]), is to create a strong, resistant to external influences, durable, easy to assemble and easy to operate greenhouse, which is easy to manufacture, ease of assembly, reliability and low labor intensity in operation.

At the same time, the greenhouse contains side frame arcs forming end walls fastened with rigid horizontal guides (stiffening ribs), a flexible translucent coating in the form of end sheets fixedly fixed on the frame arcs, a top sheet rigidly fixed to the side arcs and guides, and two moving side sheets, fixed in their own frames, is made in the form of a cylinder having a longitudinal horizontal cut. Each lateral arc of the end wall, forming a circular segment, is rigidly connected to diametrically passing webs that intersect and are rigidly fastened in the center of the segment.

A significant drawback of the known designs of greenhouses [1-4] is the lack of automated communications to ensure the vital activity of cultivated crops.

The identified shortcomings of known technical solutions [1-4] are partially eliminated by equipping greenhouses with heating systems (patents: RU No. 2150818 C1, 06/20/2000 [5], DE No. 1632908 A, 06/24/1971 [6], copyright certificates: SU No. 1111706 A, 07.09.1984 [7], SU No. 1323029 A1, 07.15.1987 [8], SU No. 1525290 A1, 11.30.1989 [9], SU No. 1349727 A1, 07.11.1987 [10], SU No. 1630684 A1, February 28, 1991 [11]), which contain a boiler, a greenhouse tent heating system, a condensing surface heat exchanger connected via a water path to an underground heating system, and a channel for removing combustion products into the atmosphere, in which a collection of combustion products condensate with a hydraulic seal is installed. and

separation device - drop catcher. However, the disadvantages of such devices can be attributed to low productivity and increased fuel consumption, increased capital investments for the maintenance and operating costs of servicing the contact heat exchanger of the heat of combustion products, the need to install a special draft machine for transporting combustion products through the contact heat exchanger.

Devices that are greenhouses are also known (patents RU No. 2239986 C2, 11/20/2004 [12], EP No. 0744121 A1, 11/27/1996 [13], FR No. 2668027 A1, 04/24/1992 [14], EP No. 0217978 A1, 04/15/1987 [15], EP No. 0378868 A1, 07/25/1990 [16], EP No. 0529725 A1, 03/03/1993 [17], RU No. 2054865 C1, 02/27/1996 [18]) and related to the field of agricultural cultivation facilities protected ground and which can be used, in particular, in the construction of greenhouses intended for growing various vegetable, fruit, medicinal and flower crops in an artificial microclimate under a translucent coating. For example, the well-known greenhouse [12] contains vertical and roof bars, roof and side wall girders, a ridge profile, ventilation windows, and translucent panels. The ridge profile is made with a groove in which the hinges of the ventilation window rotate, fixed in working positions by the rods of the opening-closing mechanism. The upper and lower straps of the ventilation window connect the translucent panels and the bars of the ventilation window, and the lower strap rests on the under-window profile - directly on the rib and through a flexible shock-absorbing pad. Translucent panels along the ridge profile are interconnected by roof bars, and along the roof slope - by connecting profiles. The profiles of the lower and upper roof rails support the translucent panels and roof bars, with the lower profile resting on the side gutter rib. The upper trims of the roof and ventilation vents are made with a loop in the form that provides both the initial installation of the trims during the installation of the greenhouse, and the subsequent installation in the working position. At the same time, the achieved technical result is to increase the efficiency of removing condensate from the inner surfaces of the roof of the greenhouse and the ventilation vents, to increase the reliability of the joint of the porch of the ventilation vent with the underlying parts of the roof of the greenhouse, to ensure a strong and reliable connection of the translucent panels of the roof of the greenhouse, to simplify the process of mounting and dismantling of the ventilation vents on ridge profile of the greenhouse, ensuring the rigidity of fastening the profile of the upper piping of the roof of the greenhouse to the ridge profile, reducing the material consumption of the ridge profile of the greenhouse.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of changing the temperature and humidity regime inside the greenhouse depending on the state of the external atmosphere to ensure agronomic requirements for growing various crops in full, as well as the low level of automation of the process of regulating the temperature and humidity regime inside the greenhouse.

Known greenhouses for personal plots of various designs, as a rule, consist of frame or arc frames with a door and openings covered with various translucent materials. Side or top frames in some types of greenhouses are made movable for ventilation. Separate greenhouses are supplied with semi-automatic devices for ventilation, watering and heating. In such greenhouses, only unpretentious crops and flowers of a given climatic zone (for example, central Russia) can be grown. it is impossible to constantly maintain the necessary climatic conditions (different air temperatures during the day and night, the necessary humidity of air and soil, changes in irrigation during plant growth from seeds to harvest, etc.) without the presence of a person, and a person often visits his personal plot only on weekends. The main disadvantage of known greenhouses is the need for constant human presence for its operation.

Devices are also known that relate to agriculture, namely, means of growing plants in greenhouses (patents: RU No. 2259036 C1, 08.27.2005 [19], RU No. 2122315 C1, 11.27.1998 [20], RU No. 2025956 C1 , 01/09/1995 [21], RU No. 2121787 C1, 11/20/1998 [22]).

So, for example, the well-known automated greenhouse [20] contains at least one greenhouse unit, a tank for water settling with a pipe connection to the water supply through the main pump, connected to the water supply pipeline, which is connected to the fuel system, the control unit, the first , the second and third outputs of which are connected to the first and second controlled valves installed respectively on the connection pipe to the water supply, the water supply pipeline and the control inlet of the main pump. This greenhouse allows you to automatically carry out only watering plants, and only certain types of plants.

For example, the well-known greenhouse [19] contains at least one greenhouse block equipped with an irrigation device. The block is additionally equipped with a greenhouse ventilation device and a soil heating device. The system for automatic control of said devices includes at least one temperature and humidity sensor each, the outputs of which are connected through converter amplifiers to part of the inputs of an arithmetic logic unit, which is configured to receive signals from the sensors, compare the obtained data with the control ones, and issue control signals. to turn on these devices. The other part of the inputs of the arithmetic logic unit is connected to the outputs of a removable permanent storage device, which contains the program of the selected climatic zone and the program for growing the selected plant of this climatic zone. The third part of the inputs is connected to the outputs of the position sensors of the elements of these devices, the inputs of which are connected through the control unit and amplifier-converters to the outputs of the arithmetic logic unit and the inputs of the display unit. The automated control system is powered by a voltage of 12 V. This implementation ensures the creation of a greenhouse for growing a wide range of cultivated plants of any climatic zone with an automatic control system for irrigation, ventilation, and heating compared to the known greenhouse [20].

However, the well-known greenhouse requires a lot of energy and in the current economic conditions, this will lead to an inflated price for grown products.

Greenhouses are also known (RU No. 2550654 C1, 20.02.2014 [23], RU No. 2207752 C1, 07.10.2003 [24], SU No. 418998 A3, 08.01.1974 [25], RU No. 20816 U1, 10.12.2001 [26 ], RU No. 2040666 C1, 07/25/1995 [27], GB No. 2187221 A, 09/03/1987 [28]), which are related to agriculture and can be used in specialized farms, in home gardens and summer cottages for growing, for example, vegetable seedlings. For example, the well-known greenhouse [23] includes a foundation base, pitched translucent fences, the panels of which are facing south and oriented in the possible direction of the sun's rays, a working passage on the rear heat-insulated panel, and devices for heating and irrigation. The front and rear panels are framed by a frame made of an electrically conductive material in the form of quadrangular pyramid faces, tops

the bases of which are oriented to the cardinal points and grounded. Panels and jumpers between them are made of dielectric material. The top of the pyramid is equipped with a lightning rod and/or electrically connected to the converter and the battery. With this implementation, stimulation of the vital activity of plants and soil microflora is ensured, a beneficial effect on the attendants and on the environment inside and outside the greenhouse, which increases the efficiency of the use of the greenhouse.

However, the well-known greenhouse designs [19] and [23], along with their advantages over known analogues, do not fully provide the necessary conditions for growing agricultural products.

In order for the cultivation of plants in greenhouses to be successful, the necessary conditions must be provided:

optimal humidity; correct temperature day and night; sufficient ventilation; soil containing all the necessary fertilizers, trace elements and organic matter; proper care, monitoring of the technological process of growing plants in the "on-line" mode, taking into account the specifics of growing specific types (varieties) of plants.

The design of known greenhouses and their equipment does not fully meet the necessary requirements.

For example, seed bed preparation is essential for proper seed germination and plant growth. Too much crop residue located in the seed furrow or covering the seed furrow can adversely affect seed germination and hinder plant growth. In addition, seed germination and plant growth can be adversely affected if the seedbed contains large surface clods and changes in soil density due to layer compaction in the root zone. Accordingly, there is a need to provide a device, system and method capable of monitoring soil characteristics or criteria during tillage operations to perform adjustment of tillage implements and other implements on the go to improve the soil condition and prepare the seed bed (patent RU No. 2720278 C2, 28.04 .2020 [29]).

The most extensive range of tasks for growing plants in a greenhouse is implemented in a well-known technical solution, which is aimed at increasing the efficiency of using a greenhouse (patent RU No. 2682749 C1, 03/21/2019 [30]).

At the same time, the task is solved due to the fact that in the greenhouse, including the foundation base, pitched translucent fences, the panels of which are facing south and oriented in the possible direction of the sun's rays, the working passage on the rear heat-insulated panel and devices for heating and irrigation, front and rear the panels are framed by a frame made of an electrically conductive material in the form of faces of a quadrangular pyramid, the tops of which are oriented to the cardinal points and grounded, while the panels and jumpers between them are made of a dielectric material, while the top of the pyramid is equipped with a lightning rod and/or electrically connected to the converter and battery, an automatic control system for these devices, including at least one temperature and humidity sensor, the outputs of which are connected to part of the inputs of the arithmetic logic unit, configured to receive signals from sensors for comparing the received data with the control and issuing control signals to turn on these devices, the other part of the inputs of the arithmetic logic unit is connected to the outputs of a removable permanent storage device, which contains the program of the selected climatic zone and the program for growing the selected plant of this climatic zone, and the third part of the inputs is connected to the outputs of the position sensors elements of these devices, the inputs of which are connected through an automatic control system to the outputs of the arithmetic logic unit and the inputs of the display unit, while the pitched translucent fences along the lower perimeter are equipped with a polyethylene chute articulated with the irrigation system, the sloped translucent fences in their lower part are equipped with cleaning brushes, mounted on a telescopic device and set in motion, by means of an electric drive connected to an automatic control system, multi-cultivators are placed along the back panels above the ground, the first mechanism of which is connected to an automatic control system and equipped with atomizers, which are connected by means of metal-ceramic tubes located inside the axis of the multicultivator, with an irrigation device, the humidity sensor is made in the form of a mobile microwave device located in the extreme working bodies of the multicultivator, light sensors are additionally introduced, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the arithmetic logic unit, the pitched translucent fences are equipped with blinds on the inside, the actuator of which is connected to the automatic control system.

This technical solution allows you to create a greenhouse for growing a wide range of cultivated plants of any climatic zone with an automatic control system for irrigation, greenhouse ventilation and heating.

However, this device does not provide the ability to monitor soil characteristics or criteria during tillage operations to make adjustments to tillage implements and other implements on the go to improve soil conditions and prepare the seed bed. A set of heating and lighting means does not allow providing the necessary conditions for growing a variety of plants at the same time. In addition, in the course of growing plants, it is necessary to adjust and bring to the optimal level of varying environmental parameters when growing plants, which is not provided when using the known device. The well-known greenhouse [30] was chosen as a prototype.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to expand the functionality when growing a wider range of plants.

The task is solved by a greenhouse, including a foundation base, pitched translucent fences, the panels of which are facing south and oriented in the possible direction of the sun's rays, a working passage on the rear heat-insulated panel and devices for heating and irrigation. The front and rear panels are framed by a frame made of an electrically conductive material in the form of quadrangular pyramid faces, the base vertices of which are oriented to the cardinal points and grounded. Panels and jumpers between them are made of dielectric material. The top of the pyramid is equipped with a lightning rod and/or electrically connected to the converter and the battery. The automatic control system for these devices includes at least one temperature and humidity sensor, the outputs of which are connected to a part of the inputs of the arithmetic logic device, which is configured to receive signals from sensors for comparing the received data with the control ones and issue control signals to turn on these devices. The other part of the inputs of the arithmetic logic unit is connected to the outputs of a removable permanent storage device, which contains the program of the selected climatic zone and the program for growing the selected plant of this climatic zone. The third part of the inputs is connected to the outputs of the position sensors of the elements of these devices, the inputs of which are connected through an automatic control system to the outputs of the arithmetic logic unit and the inputs of the display unit. The pitched translucent fences along the lower perimeter are equipped with a polyethylene chute articulated with the irrigation system. The pitched translucent barriers in their lower part are equipped with cleaning brushes mounted on a telescopic device and driven by an electric drive connected to an automatic control system. Multi-cultivators are placed along the rear panels above the ground, the actuator of which is connected to an automatic control system, equipped with atomizers, which are connected by means of metal-ceramic tubes located inside the axis of the multi-cultivator, with an irrigation device. The humidity sensor is made in the form of a mobile microwave device placed in the extreme working bodies of the multicultivator. Heating devices include thermal panels located around the perimeter and area of the greenhouse. Blinds are made of glass with a coating applied on it, made with the ability to control the influx of solar heat. The plant irradiation system in the greenhouse contains sodium lamps as the main light sources, and LED lamps as additional light sources, including several types of LEDs, the emission maxima of which lie within the blue 400-500 nm and far-red 700-800 nm spectral ranges, while blue LED emission peaks occur at wavelengths of 440-460 nm and 480-490 nm. A penetrometer is placed in the extreme working bodies of the multicultivator. The progress of plant growth is monitored using a plant growth monitoring module, including a chirp radio altimeter mounted on the drone.

Unlike the prototype [30], the blinds of the pitched translucent fences are made of glass coated with a coating that regulates the influx of solar heat, while blocking or filtering out selected ranges of electromagnetic radiation, usually radiation in the infrared region and / or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. A coating that regulates the influx of solar heat and has one or more metal functional multi-film layers containing at least one layer that reflects infrared radiation and at least one absorbing layer (similar to such coatings (patent RU No. 2719816 C2, 04/23/2020 ), which allows you to maintain the required thermal regime in the summer in the required temperature range for certain distances.

To ensure optimal humidity day and night, ventilation, soil conditions (loosening, fertilization), air temperature (an important factor in growing vegetables), water temperature, which should be equal to air temperature), as well as control of plant growth, the greenhouse equipment additionally contains a penetrometer , located in the extreme working bodies of the multi-cultivator, a radio altimeter with linear frequency modulation and an acoustic sensor installed on the drone. By means of a penetrometer and an acoustic sensor, the state of the soil is monitored from the surface layer to its sole.

By means of a radio altimeter with linear frequency modulation, the course of plant growth is monitored by measuring the height of plants from the soil layer to the tops of the plants. The method is implemented in the MatLAB environment and is a multilayer facet model with the possibility of adjusting the parameters.

At the same time, three-dimensional graphics are taken as the basis, in which the surface is built in a three-dimensional visualization program, and then the data on the coordinates of the objects of the three-dimensional image are processed accordingly and transferred to the environment where the signal beat spectra are calculated and plotted, as well as phenomenological modeling, in which the reflected the signal is given as a set of a large number of partial signals with the introduction of a number of static parameters that characterize the physical properties of a rough surface.

Thermal panels are located around the perimeter and area of the greenhouse. Analogues of thermal panels are wall heating panels of the STEP or KAM-IN type, which are made from special galvanized metal boxes with a thickness of 10 mm to 20 mm. Inside such boxes there is a radiating element together with reflective thermal insulation. Thermal panels are made with temperature controllers, which allows saving up to 30% of the energy carrier after the initial stage of heating the room. In addition, the presence of a thermostat does not require constant monitoring of the operation of the thermal panel.

According to the prototype [30], the front and rear panels are framed by a frame made of an electrically conductive material in the form of quadrangular pyramid faces, the base vertices of which are oriented to the cardinal points and grounded, while the panels and jumpers are made of a dielectric material.

Along with this, the top of the pyramid is provided with a lightning rod and/or electrically connected to the converter and the battery.

As in the prototype, the greenhouse includes a foundation embedded in the soil and rising above the soil. On the foundation base, a greenhouse frame is mounted in the form of faces of a quadrangular pyramid. The frame includes its base, the tops of which are oriented to the cardinal points. The frame is made of an electrically conductive material, such as aluminum alloy. Ribs extend from each base vertex at an angle to the vertical. The sides of the base and the edge are the faces of a quadrangular pyramid, the top of which is equipped with a lightning rod. The tops of the frame base are grounded by means of the corresponding pins. The sides of the base and the inclined edges of the pyramid are a means of framing the front - pitched translucent panels, and the back heat-insulated panels. Pitched translucent panels are made of dielectric material, for example, cellular polycarbonate. The translucent front panels face south, more specifically southeast and southwest respectively. The rear thermally insulated panels are facing northeast and northwest respectively; these panels can be limitedly translucent. Each translucent panel can be made of several parts, the jumpers between which are made of a dielectric material. The back panels are provided with working passages and other known devices. The framework of the pyramid has enhanced electrical conductive properties. In it, the top of the pyramid and the lightning rod are electrically connected to the converter of the emerging electric current and the battery. The greenhouse has a device for heating and irrigation.

The pitched translucent fences along the lower perimeter are equipped with a polyethylene chute articulated with the irrigation system. The pitched translucent barriers in their lower part are equipped with cleaning brushes mounted on a telescopic device and driven by an electric drive connected to an automatic control system. Multi-cultivators are placed along the rear panels above the ground, the actuator of which is connected to an automatic control system and equipped with atomizers, which are connected by means of ceramic-metal tubes located inside the axis of the multi-cultivator to an irrigation device. The humidity sensor is made in the form of a mobile microwave device placed in the extreme working bodies of the multicultivator. Additionally, light sensors are introduced, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the arithmetic logic unit. The pitched translucent barriers are equipped with blinds on the inside, the actuator of which is connected to an automatic control system.

The humidity sensor, made in the form of a mobile microwave device as a microwave emitter, contains a Gunn diode, flush-mounted in the extreme working bodies of the multi-cultivator, which provides reliable measurement of soil moisture, in contrast to the known designs of moisture sensors such as LMA-200PM, MW-1000 and given in description to the patent RU No. 2641715 C1, 01/22/2018.

The use of atomizers, in contrast to the moisture atomizers used in analogues, allows delivering moisture to the root system of the grown products.

In view of the fact that after watering the grown products it is necessary to loosen the soil, multi-cultivators are provided.

To regulate the necessary illumination for a particular grown product, light sensors are placed in the greenhouse, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the arithmetic logic unit.

For this purpose, blinds are also designed, the actuator of which is connected to an automatic control system, as well as cleaning brushes, which in winter can, if necessary, be used to clear snow.

Due to the fact that during the rainy period it is required to divert rainfall from the frame elements of the greenhouse, in the proposed technical solution, the pitched translucent fences along the lower perimeter are equipped with a polyethylene gutter articulated with the irrigation system, which allows replenishing the supply of water for irrigation.

The automatic watering device can be made in the form of a storage tank and a distributor of the same capacity with automatic adjustable water discharge into metal-ceramic tubes located inside the axis of the multi-cultivator and connected to spray guns.

The automatic heating device can be made in the form of a conductive heating element in a protective sheath, for example, heating panels, placed in the foundation under the soil layer of the greenhouse.

The automatic control system is a micro-module controller based on an Intel-compatible NEC V25 processor with a PCMCIA flash drive and a standard communication output based on the RS232 interface. The microcontroller contains a built-in multi-channel ADC with a serial interface, programmable timers, a real-time clock, digital input / output ports, external hardware interrupt channels and a direct memory access channel. Distinctive features of the used controller are miniature dimensions (100×70×30 mm), low power consumption (0.5 W), high reliability and low cost.

The inputs of the automatic control system are connected to the outputs of sensors for registering temperature, humidity, illumination and greenhouse devices.

The developed ALU in a specific design represents the minimum configuration of a personal computer and includes: processor - Pentium 166 MHz, RAM - 32 MB, SVGA board with 1 MB memory, additional board with two serial ports with FIFO memory (UART16550-compatible).

The software for the algorithms for growing products and the functioning of the greenhouse equipment is written in the high-level language C, which at the same time allows fine-grained hardware control up to bitwise operations in their registers, which are typical for assembler. Using Borland's C compilers, by appropriately setting up the compiler environment, generates codes that are largely invariant to the type and class of the IBM-compatible computer being used. As a result, the program works for all types of processors, starting from the 8086/8088 family and ending with the 80486 and Pentium.

The program version is located in the EPROM of the microcontroller. The program is launched for execution and, accordingly, the start of work occurs automatically when power is supplied to the microcontroller.

The proposed greenhouse is used as follows.

The greenhouse, through the top and faces of the quadrangular pyramid - its inclined edges and sides of the base - perceives and partially accumulates chronal cosmic energy that enters planet Earth all year round and around the clock. This phenomenon in the greenhouse is enhanced by making the faces of the pyramid from an electrically conductive material and orienting the tops of the base to the cardinal points; it is obvious that the inclined edges of the pyramid are also oriented to the cardinal points. In the Earth's atmosphere, there are always electric charges and electromagnetic fields, which are amplified under certain conditions. Part of the charges is received by the lightning rod installed at the top of the pyramid and by the ribs of the pyramid, spreads inside and outside the pyramid, and is transmitted to the sides of the base. From the lightning rod and the energy-intensive top of the pyramid, part of the electric charges flows into the converter, where it is structured, converted into an ordered direct current and fed into the battery. Part of the energy through the grounding pins is diverted to the foundation base of the greenhouse and, ultimately, to the ground.

Inside the greenhouse-pyramid, the largest energy field is concentrated at a distance equal to a third of the height of the pyramid, counting from the base. At this height, it is advisable to install dielectric racks for growing, for example, seedlings of vegetable crops. Inside the greenhouse is illuminated by sunlight penetrating through the front - pitched translucent panels. The rear thermally insulated panels to a certain extent prevent the removal of internal heat. With a reduction in daylight hours, artificial lighting inside the greenhouse is possible due to the energy stored in the battery. Natural lightning discharges do not penetrate inside the greenhouse, since energy is removed by means of a lightning rod, pyramid ribs and pins, this is facilitated by their execution from an electrically conductive material. Greenhouse maintenance and technological operations are carried out through working passages, which are also used for ventilation in the hot summer time. Growing vegetables and other crops, irrigating them, as well as heating in cold weather (if necessary) is carried out in a known manner in accordance with the modes for given conditions and current parameters recorded by sensors, on the basis of which control signals are generated for the corresponding equipment.

Automatic control system (ACS) works as follows.

In the initial state, the power supply is turned off, and at this time the necessary agricultural work is carried out in the greenhouse (soil preparation, planting, harvesting, etc., preventive and maintenance work with the control system). Before power is turned on, a replaceable permanent storage device is installed in the arithmetic logic unit, on which the program of the selected climatic zone and the program for growing the selected plant of this climatic zone are recorded. When turned on, the indication unit displays the parameters of the selected climatic zone (temperature and humidity), date, time, power supply status and all devices that support the selected mode, as well as other useful information. Information from the sensors and devices of the greenhouse enters the ALU, which compares the received data with the control data received from the ROM, if they do not match, the ALU turns on the devices that are currently needed.

The specific energy-efficient "climate" inside the greenhouse, including through the use of chronal cosmic energy, stimulates the vital activity of plants and soil microflora, increases the consumer properties of cultivated crops, has a beneficial effect on the staff and the environment inside and outside the greenhouse, while accumulation and additional use of part of the incoming energy. This increases the efficiency of using the greenhouse.

Unlike the prototype, the proposed device solves the problem of preparing the seed bed, which is extremely important for proper seed germination and plant growth. Too much crop residue located in the seed furrow or covering the seed furrow can adversely affect seed germination and hinder plant growth. In addition, seed germination and plant growth can be adversely affected if the seedbed contains large surface clods and changes in soil density due to layer compaction in the root zone. Accordingly, there is a need to provide an apparatus with a capability to monitor soil characteristics or criteria during tillage operations to perform on-the-go adjustments of tillage implements and other implements to improve soil conditions and prepare a seed bed. In the proposed device, such means are a penetrometer and an acoustic sensor.

The availability of these funds makes it possible to use the criterion, which consists in obtaining the parameters of vegetables obtained in the previous period, corresponding to the external conditions at the present time (analogue - Soil Criteria Monitoring System, patent 2720278 C2, 04/28/2020). In the process of research, various mathematical models of the underlying surface (soil and vegetation) were developed. The proposed device uses two methods of surface modeling. The first method implemented in the MatLABn environment is a mathematical multilayer facet model of various types of surfaces with adjustable parameters. The novelty of the study lies in the second method of surface modeling. Three-dimensional graphics are taken as a basis, namely, the surface is first built in a three-dimensional visualization program, and then the data on the coordinates of objects in a three-dimensional image are processed appropriately and transferred to the MatLAB environment, where the developed mathematical model calculates and plots the spectrum of the beat signal. In a specific implementation, a radio altimeter with continuous radiation, with asymmetric linear frequency modulation, is selected as a radio altimeter.

In the process of research, a mathematical model of the radio altimeter beat signal was created, which makes it possible to study facet models of various types of the underlying surface. The model was developed in the MatLAB mathematical package. As a result of the research, mathematical models of the underlying surface were created for various types of soil and vegetation. When modeling the surface,

two approaches have been developed. The first approach uses only the MatLAB software package and is based on modeling sets of facets in the form of layers. The second approach is based on constructing the required surface in a 3D visualization program (3Ds MAX) with further processing of the exported data using the developed model in the MatLAB environment. The studied surface modeling approaches make it possible to study various types of underlying surfaces, focusing on different facet parameters.

When building a layered model, the height is measured both to the soil layer and to the tops of plants. The method is implemented in the MatLAB environment and is a multilayer facet model of various surfaces with the possibility of adjusting the parameters.

A surface modeling method based on 3D graphics, in which the surface is built in a 3D visualization program, and then the data on the coordinates of objects in the 3D image are processed appropriately and transferred to the environment where the signal beat spectra are calculated and plotted.

In contrast to the known method for adjusting variable parameters, which includes adjusting and bringing to the optimal level of varying environmental parameters when growing plants, and adjusting the varying parameters is carried out by projecting the silhouette of a plant or its vegetative organ onto an electronically square lined and digitized screen that perceives, fixes and transmitting the image to a computer, where the growth rate of plants is determined and compared in dynamics, and in the event of its slowdown, using an electronic computing device, the varying environmental parameters are displayed in the corridors (parameters between the upper and lower boundaries) of the optimum with their further automatic maintenance (patent RU No. 2725683 C1, 05/03/2020), the proposed device provides the possibility of more objective control of plant growth.

By means of pitched translucent barriers, which are made of coated glass, they regulate the influx of solar heat, while blocking or filtering selected ranges of electromagnetic radiation, usually radiation in the infrared region and / or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This reduces heat buildup inside the greenhouse.

The underground part of the greenhouse device is lined with heat-insulating material around the perimeter. Which serves for thermal insulation so that frost from the surrounding soil does not penetrate into the greenhouse device. The thermal insulation material also serves to protect the soil of the greenhouse device from the penetration of moles and other victorious rodents, as the practice of operating greenhouse devices shows, rodents like to penetrate greenhouse devices and harm copies of plants, thereby reducing crop yields.

When planting and further growing plants, preliminary treatment of seeds is provided, their subsequent planting and treatment of plants during their growing season with an aqueous suspension of a biological product. Seeds are treated with a preparation based on phenylpyrroles, after which they are placed in a substrate, and after the appearance of the first leaves, a liquid suspension with a Trichodermaspp culture is introduced into the substrate. The technical result is to increase the effectiveness of the fight against phytopathogenic microorganisms (similar to patent No. 2725818 C1, 07/06/2020).

Preparation and soaking time are observed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the standards specified in the list of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation. Soaking time is 30 minutes. The biological effectiveness of dressing is determined using a biological (roll) method on seedlings of culture and on nutrient media with a culture of the pathogen Fusariumoxysporum. The biological effectiveness of the drug should be 80-100. Then the treated seeds are planted in the substrate.

After the appearance of the first true leaf, a liquid suspension with Trichodermaviride culture is introduced into the substrate. The optimal concentration should be CFU=1*10-1*10. The recommended temperature in the greenhouse is 25-28°C. The peculiarity of the claimed invention lies in the fact that during the development of Trichoderma, it releases biological substances, which, in interaction with the developed immunity of the plants themselves, increase their vitality.

The plant irradiation system in the proposed greenhouse contains the main light sources - sodium lamps and additional - LED lamps with a combination of several types of LEDs. The emission peaks of blue LEDs fall at wavelengths of 440-460 nm and 480-490 nm. The number of main light sources in the greenhouse is equal to the number of additional ones. The main and additional light sources are placed over the area of the greenhouse evenly at the same height. Structurally, the combination of all types of LEDs is mounted on one lamp, while the share of the radiation flux of the LEDs of each lamp in the ranges is 13-19% in blue and 7-12% in the far red from the sodium lamp flux. The streams emitted by the LEDs are focused by lenses with an angle of 85-95 degrees, inside the cenosis LED sources are used with the same spectral characteristics as the sources of overhead lighting, which receive electrical power from a common group driver located outside the cenosis (analogue - patent RU No. 2725003 C1, 29.06 .2020)

The main source of natural radiation necessary for plant life is the Sun. The spectrum of its radiation is characterized by an almost uniform band in the wavelength range of 300-1000 nm, which have the greatest effect on the growth and development of plants. In this interval, narrower ranges are distinguished, the effect of radiation of which on the plant is very different. These are blue (400-500 nm), green (500-600 nm), red (600-700 nm). Radiation in the range of 400-700 nm is photosynthetically active radiation due to its greatest importance for plant growth and development. Far-red radiation of 700-800 nm also has a great influence on plants.

To optimize the radiation spectrum, the plant irradiation system in the greenhouse contains sodium lamps as the main light sources, and LED lamps as additional light sources, LED lamps that contain several types of LEDs, the emission maxima of which lie within the blue 400-500 nm and far red 700 -800 nm spectral ranges, the emission peaks of blue LEDs fall at wavelengths of 440-460 nm and 480-490 nm, the number of main light sources in the greenhouse is equal to the number of additional ones, the main and additional light sources are evenly distributed over the greenhouse area, the main and additional light sources placed at the same height, structurally the combination of two types of LEDs is mounted on one luminaire, the share of the radiation flux of the LEDs of each luminaire in the ranges

is 13-19% in blue and 7-12% in the far red of the sodium lamp flux, the fluxes emitted by LEDs are focused by lenses with an angle of 85-95 degrees, LED downlight sources are used with the same spectral characteristics as uplight sources receiving electric powered by a common group driver located outside the cenosis.

When using a drone in greenhouses occupying a large area, it is possible to install devices on it for local watering of plants, applying liquid fertilizers and preparations for combating agricultural pests.

In addition, when using a drone, laser irradiation of crops with a laser unit fixed on it is possible (patent RU No. 2637663, Method for aviation laser treatment of plants during the growing season).

Sources of information.

1. Patent RU No. 2011336.

2. Patent for utility model RU No. 30058 U1.

3. Utility model patent RU No. 85298 U1, 10.08.2009.

4. Utility model patent RU No. 103272 U1, 04/10/2011.

5. Patent RU No. 2150818 C1, 06/20/2000.

6. Patent DE No. 1632908 A, 06/24/1971.

7. Copyright certificate SU No. 1111706 A, 09/07/1984.

8. Copyright certificate SU No. 1323029 A1, 07/15/1987.

9. Copyright certificate SU No. 1525290 A1, 11/30/1989.

10. Copyright certificate SU No. 1349727 A1, 11/07/1987.

11. Copyright certificate SU No. 1630684 A1, 28.02.1991.

12. Patent RU No. 2239986 C2, 20.11.2004.

13. Patent EP No. 0744121 A1, 11/27/1996.

14. Patent FR No. 2668027 A1, 04/24/1992.

15. Patent EP No. 0217978 A1, 04/15/1987.

16. Patent EP No. 0378868 A1, 07/25/1990.

17. Patent EP No. 0529725 A1, 03.03.1993.

18. Patent RU No. 2054865 C1, 27.02.1996.

19. Patent RU No. 2259036 C1, 27.08.2005.

20. Patent RU No. 2122315 C1, 11/27/1998.

21. Patent RU No. 2025956 C1, 01/09/1995.

22. Patent RU No. 2121787 C1, 11/20/1998.

23. Patent RU No. 2550654 C1, February 20, 2014.

24. Patent RU No. 2207752 C1, 10.07.2003.

25. Copyright certificate SU No. 418998 A3, 08/01/1974.

26. Patent RU No. 20816 U1, 12/10/2001.

27. Patent RU No. 2040666 C1, 07/25/1995.

28. Patent GB No. 2187221 A, 09/03/1987.

29. Patent RU No. 2720278 C2, 04/28/2020.

30. Patent RU No. 2682749 C1, 03/21/2019.

Claims (1)

Greenhouse, including a foundation base, pitched translucent fences, the panels of which are facing south and oriented in the possible direction of the sun's rays, a working passage on the rear heat-insulated panel and devices for heating and irrigation, the front and rear panels are framed by a frame made of an electrically conductive material in the form of faces quadrangular pyramid, the tops of the base of which are oriented to the cardinal points and grounded, while the panels and jumpers between them are made of a dielectric material, while the top of the pyramid is equipped with a lightning rod and / or electrically connected to the converter and the battery, the automatic control system for these devices includes at least one temperature and humidity sensor each, the outputs of which are connected to a part of the inputs of an arithmetic logic unit, designed to receive signals from sensors for comparing the received data with control ones and issuing control signals to turn on the indicated devices, the other part of the inputs of the arithmetic logic unit is connected to the outputs of a removable permanent storage device, on which the program of the selected climatic zone and the program for growing the selected plant of this climatic zone are recorded, and the third part of the inputs is connected to the outputs of the position sensors of the elements of these devices, the inputs of which are connected through automatic control system with outputs of the arithmetic logic unit and inputs of the display unit, pitched translucent barriers along the lower perimeter are equipped with a polyethylene chute articulated with the irrigation system, pitched translucent barriers in their lower part are equipped with cleaning brushes mounted on a telescopic device and driven by an electric drive , connected to an automatic control system, multi-cultivators are placed along the rear panels above the ground, the actuator of which is connected to an automatic control system, supplying given by atomizers, which are connected by means of ceramic-metal tubes located inside the axis of the multicultivator, with an irrigation device, the humidity sensor is made in the form of a mobile microwave device located in the extreme working bodies of the multicultivator, characterized in that the heating devices include thermal panels located around the perimeter and along area of the greenhouse, the blinds are made of glass coated with a coating capable of controlling the influx of solar heat, the plant irradiation system in the greenhouse contains sodium lamps as the main light sources, and LED lamps as additional light sources, including several types of LEDs, maxima whose radiations lie within the blue 400-500 nm and far-red 700-800 nm spectral ranges, while the emission peaks of blue LEDs fall at wavelengths of 440-460 nm and 480-490 nm, a penetrometer is located in the extreme working bodies of the multicultivator , the progress of plant growth is monitored using a plant growth monitoring module, including a chirp radio altimeter mounted on the drone.