RU2764329C1 - Hopper car - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: the invention relates to railway transport. Hopper car includes running gears (1), automatic coupling devices (2), frame (3) and body (4) consisting of side and end (6) walls, hoppers (8) with unloading hatches (7), and roof (9) with loading hatches (10). On the roof of the car a bracket is fixed, formed by a base rigidly connected to the hook and posts, which together with the handle with the retainer, the limiter and the bolt form a mechanism for locking the cover of the loading hatch. A limiter located between the brackets of the bracket is pivotally connected to the handle, forming a single structure of the lock rigidly fixed on the cover of the loading hatch. The handle comprises a ring that is a handle. In the closed position, the hook, the handle and the limiter are connected by a retainer, the handle is located in the limiter, and the bolt locks the lock to the bracket.

EFFECT: invention provides creation of convenient in operation and reliable design of hopper car.

15 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of railway transport, in particular to the design of a covered hopper car designed for the transport of bulk cargo and structural elements of the bodies of a rolling stock, in particular, to the design of the mechanism for locking the loading hatch cover in freight cars.

A device for locking the covers of the loading hatches of removable modules is known, containing clamps of the covers of the loading hatches interacting with the locking brackets of the covers of the loading hatches, a horizontal locking rod placed in the support guide brackets fixed on the roof of the removable module, L-shaped crossbars that fix the clamps of the loading hatch covers , a vertical drive rod, the lower end of which is located in the lower guide bracket fixed on a removable module, and at the lower end of the vertical drive rod and in the lower guide bracket there are through holes for placing a sealing device, and the upper end of the vertical drive rod interacts with the horizontal lock rod through a swivel joint, including a two-arm lever, characterized in that said two-arm lever is placed on the corner post of the side wall of the removable module, the swivel joint additionally comprises a two-arm lever mounted on a bracket, ra placed on the roof of the removable module, and a connecting rod interacting with two-arm levers (RU 179 724, IPC B61D 17/16, B65D 90/10, publ. May 23, 2018).

The closest technical solution is a device for locking the covers of the loading hatches of wagons, containing clamps (in this application, position 14) of the covers of the loading hatches, interacting with the locking brackets (in the claimed invention, the hook) of the loading hatch covers, placed with the possibility of longitudinal movement in the supporting guide brackets ( racks in the claimed invention) fixed on the roof of the car, a horizontal locking rod with L-shaped crossbars (in the claimed invention a deadbolt) fixing the clamps of the loading hatch covers, a vertical drive rod interacting with the horizontal locking rod, characterized in that the clamping of the loading hatch covers made in the form of a drive handle pivotally mounted on the roof of the car, the drive handle is equipped with a cap ring for insertion into the locking groove cut in the locking bracket of the loading hatch cover, to fix the drive handle, its free end is placed between a pair of support guide brackets having fixing guide holes for accommodating an L-shaped bolt, and fixed with an L-shaped bolt inserted into the indicated fixing guide holes, the vertical drive rod is connected with its upper end pivotally to the horizontal lock rod through a two-arm lever pivotally mounted on the car body, the lower end of the vertical drive rod is placed in the lower guide bracket fixed on the car body or frame, at the lower end of the vertical drive rod and in the bottom guide bracket there are through holes for placing a sealing device. (RU 152 187, IPC B61D 17/16, published on May 10, 2015).

The disadvantage of the known technical solutions, including the closest analogue, is a weak degree of reliability of the structure that locks the loading hatches, caused by the spread of the fastening nodes and the location of most of the elements on the roof of the car, which also causes inconvenience in maintenance due to the large distance occupied structural elements of the mechanism design that prevent free movement on the roof of the car.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the creation of a more reliable design of the loading hatch cover locking mechanism with reinforced fixation, more convenient in operation.

The technical result is the creation of an easy-to-use and reliable design of the hopper car by creating a stronger, stronger design of the loading hatch locking mechanism with a reinforced degree of fixation and a convenient arrangement of elements that ensures reliable locking of the loading hatch cover and is more convenient in operation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the hopper car includes chassis, automatic couplers, a frame and a body consisting of side and end walls, bunkers equipped with unloading hatches and a roof equipped with loading hatches, as well as a locking mechanism for the loading hatch cover. , containing a hook, a handle with a latch, a limiter, posts, a deadbolt, according to the invention, the hook and posts are rigidly connected to the base, forming a single bracket structure fixed on the roof of the car, the limiter located between the bracket posts is pivotally connected to the handle, forming a single lock structure, rigidly fixed on the cover of the loading hatch, the handle additionally contains a ring, which is a handle, while in the closed position the hook, the handle and the limiter are connected by a latch, the handle is located in the limiter, and the bolt fixes the lock with the bracket.

The frame, body and locking mechanism of the loading hatch cover can be made of metal.

The frame, body and locking mechanism of the loading hatch can be made of a metal-based alloy.

The frame, body and locking mechanism of the loading hatch cover can be made of steel.

The frame, body and locking mechanism of the loading hatch cover can be made of aluminum.

Frame, body and loading door locking mechanism can be made of aluminum alloy.

At least one locking mechanism can be installed on one loading hatch.

The bracket can be rigidly connected to the car roof by welding.

The hook and legs of the bracket can be rigidly connected to the base of the bracket by welding.

Bracket racks can be made in the form of plates.

Bracket posts can be made in the form of profiles.

The lock can be rigidly fixed on the cover of the loading hatch with a welded joint.

Limiters, lock handle and bracket posts can be oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the loading hatch cover.

Each bracket post and lock limiter may include a hole for a horizontal lock rod to pass through.

Lock limiters can be made in the form of curly plates.

Lock limiters can be made in the form of a profile.

The fastening of the handle with limiters can be realized with the help of an axle limited by latches on both sides.

The fastening of the handle with limiters can be realized with the help of an axle with bosses.

The fastening of the handle with limiters can be realized with the help of an axle with bolts.

The vertical components of the lock limiter can be located at a distance from each other and from the bracket uprights.

The sides of the vertical components of the lock limiter, directed towards each other, can be located parallel to each other and parallel to the bracket uprights.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings. In FIG. 1 - shows a general view of the hopper car; in fig. 2 - location of the mechanism for locking the cover of the loading hatch; in fig. 3 - device for locking the cover of the loading hatch in the "closed" position; in fig. 4 - device for locking the cover of the loading hatch in the "open" position.

The hopper car (Fig. 1) includes chassis 1, couplers 2, frame 3 and body 4, consisting of two side 5 and two end 6 walls, bins 7, equipped with unloading hatches 8 and a roof 9, equipped with loading hatches 10, and also includes a locking mechanism 11 (Fig. 2) of the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10. At least one locking mechanism 11 must be installed on one loading hatch 10, there may be more, everything will depend on the length of the loading hatch 10. Frame 3, the body 4 and the locking mechanism 11 are made of metals or their alloys, for example steel, aluminum or alloys thereof.

The locking mechanism 11 (Fig. 2) of the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10 on the roof 9 of the car contains a bracket 12 mounted on the roof 9 of the car, a lock 13 installed on the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10 and a deadbolt 14.

Bracket 12 includes posts 15, base 16 and hook 17 (Fig. 3)

The bracket 12 is mounted on the roof 9 of the car with the help of the base 16 and is rigidly connected to it by welding. To the base 16 by a rigid connection, for example, by welding, a hook 17 and racks 15 are fixed, oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10, while the sides of the racks 6 directed towards each other are parallel to each other. Racks 15 are made, for example, in the form of two plates or profiles, each of which contains a hole 15.1 for introducing and placing a bolt 14 in them and a hole for passing a horizontal locking rod (not indicated by the position). Hook 17 is designed to create additional fixation of the lock 13.

Due to the fact that the hook 17 and the racks 15 are rigidly connected to the base 16, forming a single structure of the bracket 12, placed on the roof 9 of the car, the creation of a strong, durable and capable of withstanding loads (including the tension that occurs when the mechanism is in the closed state) is ensured. ) the design of the bracket 12, which helps to provide a more reliable and reinforced design of the locking mechanism 11 of the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10.

The lock 13 includes a cover clamp 10.1 of the loading hatch 10, made in the form of a drive handle 18, and a limiter 19.

The lock 13 is fixed on the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10 by means of a rigid welded connection with it of the limiter 19 of the lock 13, oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10. The limiter 19 is made, for example, in the form of two plates or a profile. The limiter 19 is intended for introduction and installation between its vertical components of the drive handle 18 and limiting it from transverse movements, in connection with which the vertical components of the limiter 19 are located between the uprights 15 at a distance from each other, while the sides of the vertical components of the limiter 19 directed to each other each other are located parallel to each other and the uprights 15. Each vertical component of the limiter 19 contains a hole 19.1 (Fig. 4) for inserting and placing a deadbolt 14 in it, a hole for passing the lock rod and a hole (not marked with positions) for connecting to the handle 18.

The handle 18 contains a hole 18.1 necessary for the insertion and placement of the bolt 14 in it, a hole (not indicated by the position) for connection with the limiter 19, as well as two rings, one of which is a handle 18.2, and the second is a lock (cap ring) 18.3. The handle 18.2 is designed for more convenient operation, namely, it is convenient for engaging and actuating the handle 18. The latch 18.3 is necessary so that before inserting the handle 18 into the limiter 19 (between the vertical components of the limiter 19), put the cap ring 18.3 behind the hook 17 to provide additional fixing the handle 18, while in the closed position the hook 17, the handle 18 and the limiter 19 are connected by the latch 18.3, and the handle 18 is located in the limiter 19.

The handle 18, as well as the limiter 18, is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10 for the possibility of interacting with the limiter 19, namely, its insertion between the vertical components of the limiter 19 and preventing the handle 18 from moving in the transverse direction. After the cap ring 18.3 of the handle 18 is inserted by the hook 17, the handle 18 is installed in the limiter 19, thereby pressing the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10, and, accordingly, the lock 13 and the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10 are securely fixed.

The handle 18 is pivotally connected to the limiter 19 using a mount 20, which can be implemented using an axis inserted through the holes of the limiter 19 and the handle 18 (position not indicated), with limiters at its ends, for example, an axis with bosses or bolts, that is fastening 20 should provide the possibility of free longitudinal movement (not full rotational movement) of the handle 18 relative to the hinge 20 and the placement of the handle 18 between the vertical components of the limiter 19, and, accordingly, the longitudinal movement (not full rotational movement) of the handle 18 relative to the hinge 20 and its placement between racks 15 bracket 12.

By connecting the limiter 19 with the handle 18 using a hinge 20, which excludes the movement of the handle 18 in the transverse direction, but with the possibility of its introduction and longitudinal movement relative to the hinge 20 and placement in the limiter 19, the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10 of the car is pressed and fixed - hopper, which leads to the creation of a single design of the lock 13, which provides a reliable, reinforced degree of fixation and the exclusion of free movement of its parts, while creating a more convenient design of the lock 13, which ensured the creation of a more reliable and easy-to-use design of the locking mechanism 11 of the cover 10.1 of the boot hatch 10 with a high degree of fixation.

The bolt 14 fixes the clamp cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10, by fixing the lock 13, located on the loading hatch 10, with the bracket 12, located on the roof 9 of the car, passing through the holes 18.1 of the handle 18 (to limit its longitudinal movement) and holes 19.1. the limiter 19 of the lock 13, as well as through the holes 15.1 of the racks 15 of the bracket 12. The holes 18.1 of the handle 18 and the holes 19.1 of the limiter 19 of the lock 13 and the holes 15.1 of the racks 15 of the bracket 12 are on the same straight line (coaxially) to accommodate the bolt 14 passing through them . This solution provides enhanced fictitious fastening of the handle 18 of the lock 13 to the closed position and completely excludes its free movement both in the transverse and longitudinal directions, and accordingly guarantees more reliable fastening and fixation of the locking mechanism 11 of the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10, ensuring the safety cargo, and, accordingly, a more reliable design of the hopper car has been created.

The use of the claimed design provides a high degree of reliability, since all parts of the locking mechanism 11 are located in the place of closing the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10, which allows you to concentrate and direct all their efforts to fixing, it additionally becomes possible to exclude unauthorized opening of the locking mechanism 11 and the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10, (for example, by cutting the handle ring engaged with the hook), and accordingly guarantees a higher degree of reliability of the locking mechanism 11 of the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10, which allows you to save the transported cargo from atmospheric precipitation and unauthorized access, and, accordingly, increase the reliability of the car -hopper.

The possibility of performing all the necessary manipulations with the handle 18 not directly, but with the help of the handle 18.2, makes the operation of the locking mechanism 11 more convenient. 11 at a long distance from the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10 to the roof 9 (which causes inconvenience during operation), and place them close to each other, so that there is more free space on the roof 9, that is, no additional obstacles are created when maintenance and operation of mechanism 11, including a place for installing a ladder, which is necessary for maintenance, including for opening the locking mechanism 11 itself, and, accordingly, a more convenient design of the locking mechanism 11 and the hopper car as a whole has been created.

The device works as follows.

After loading the wagons to ensure the safety of the transported goods, each cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10 is closed and locked. The lid 10.1 is locked in the following sequence. Using the handle 18.2, the drive handle 18 of each loading hatch 10 is actuated and it is moved to a vertical position, the cap ring 18.3 is inserted behind the hook 17 of the bracket 12. Then the handle 18 is moved down to the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10, the cap ring 18.3 passing through the return " dead point, and acting on the hook 17, puts the handle 18 into a non-return position and the handle 18 presses the cover 10.1 against the walls of the loading hatch 10. The handle 18 is placed between the vertical components of the limiter 19, which in turn is located between the corresponding pair of racks 15. To exclude opening the cover 10.1, the handle 18 is fixed by inserting the bolt 14 through the holes 15.1 of the uprights 15 of the bracket 12, holes 19.1. limiters 19 and hole 18.1 of the handle 18 of the lock 13.

The opening of the cover 10.1 is carried out in the following sequence. The bolt 14 is removed from the holes of the posts 15 of the bracket 12, the limiters 19 and the cap 18 of the lock 13. Then, interacting with the handle 18.2, the handle 18 of the lock 13 is raised to a vertical position, removing the ring 18.3 from engagement with the hook 17 of the bracket 12, thereby opening the cover 10.1 of the boot hatch 10.

Thus, the application of the claimed invention makes it possible to ensure the concentration of nodes in one place, create more convenient conditions for operation and create a more reliable locking mechanism for the loading hatch cover with a stronger and stronger structure with a reinforced degree of fixation, which ensures reliable locking of the loading hatch cover to ensure proper safety cargo, that is, to create a more convenient and reliable design of the hopper car.

Claims (15)

1. A hopper car, including running gear, automatic couplers, a frame and a body consisting of side and end walls, bins equipped with unloading hatches, and a roof equipped with loading hatches, as well as a mechanism for locking the loading hatch cover, containing a hook, a handle with a latch, a limiter, posts, a deadbolt, characterized in that the hook and posts are rigidly connected to the base, forming a single bracket structure fixed on the roof of the car, the limiter, located between the bracket posts, is pivotally connected to the handle, forming a single lock structure, rigidly mounted on the cover of the loading hatch, the handle additionally contains a ring, which is a handle, while in the closed position the hook, handle and limiter are connected by a latch, the handle is located in the limiter, and the bolt fixes the lock with the bracket. 2. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame, body and locking mechanism of the loading hatch cover are made of metal. 3. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame, body and locking mechanism of the loading hatch cover are made of a metal-based alloy. 4. Hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket is rigidly connected to the roof of the car by welding. 5. Hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the hook and racks are rigidly connected to the base by welding. 6. Hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks are made in the form of plates. 7. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks are made in the form of profiles. 8. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical components of the lock limiter are located at a distance from each other and from the bracket posts. 9. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical components of the lock limiter are located at a distance from each other and from the bracket posts, while the sides of the vertical components of the lock limiter, directed towards each other, are parallel to each other and parallel to the bracket posts . 10. Hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the lock is rigidly fixed to the loading hatch cover by a welded joint. 11. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the limiters, handle and racks are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the loading hatch cover. 12. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that each post and limiter contains a hole for passing a horizontal locking rod. 13. Hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the lock stops are made in the form of two plates. 14. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the lock stops are made in the form of a profile. 15. The hopper car according to claim. 1, characterized in that the fastening of the handle with limiters is implemented using an axis limited by latches on both sides.

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