EA044671B1 - HOPPER CAR - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of railway transport, in particular to the design of a covered car hopper intended for the transportation of bulk cargo, and structural elements of rolling stock bodies, in particular to the design of sealing loading hatches in freight cars. The technical result is the creation of a hopper car design that is more convenient to operate, while maintaining its reliability and simplicity. A hopper car, including running gear (1), automatic coupling devices (2), a frame (3) and a body (4), consisting of side (5) and end (6) walls, hoppers (7) equipped with unloading hatches (8), and a roof (9) equipped with loading hatches (10), a mechanism for locking (11) loading hatches, as well as sealing (12) loading hatches, including a horizontal rod (13) installed in the guide brackets (11.1) of the locking mechanism (11), mounted on the roof (9) of the car, the horizontal rod (13) is pivotally connected through a lever (16) with a vertical rod (15) containing bolts (14) fixing the locking mechanism (11), interacting with a bracket mounted on frame of the car, while the lower part of the vertical rod (15) and the bracket (17) contain holes for interaction with each other, characterized in that the bracket (17) contains two grooves (17.1) and (17.2), while the engagement of the lower part of the vertical the rod (15) with the lower groove (17.2) corresponds to the closed position of the mechanism, and the engagement of the lower part of the vertical rod (15) with the upper groove (17.1) corresponds to the open position of the mechanism, and the position of the vertical rod (15) in the grooves of the bracket sets the extreme positions of the bolts ( 14), corresponding to the positions closed, open; in this case, the vertical rod (15) in its lower part additionally contains a fastening element (15.1), rigidly fixed to it, with the help of which the vertical rod (15) is fixed in the upper (17.1) and lower (17.2) grooves of the bracket (17) and fixing the sealing mechanism (12) of the loading hatches (10) in the desired position, the bracket (17) in turn may contain a fastening (17.3), and the fastening element (15.1) of the rod (15) and the fastening (17.3) of the bracket (17) are made, for example, in the form of a plate, and the fastening element (15.2) of the rod (15) is installed in the lower groove (17.2) of the bracket.

The invention relates to the field of railway transport, in particular to the design of a covered hopper car intended for the transportation of bulk cargo, and structural elements of rolling stock bodies, in particular to the design of sealing loading hatches in freight cars.

A device is known for locking the loading hatch covers of removable modules, containing clamps of the loading hatch covers interacting with the locking brackets of the loading hatch covers, a horizontal locking rod located in the support guide brackets mounted on the roof of the removable module, L-shaped crossbars securing the clamps of the loading hatch covers , a vertical drive rod, the lower end of which is located in the lower guide bracket mounted on a removable module, wherein through holes are made in the lower end of the vertical drive rod and in the lower guide bracket to accommodate the sealing device, and the upper end of the vertical drive rod interacts with the horizontal lock rod through a swivel joint including a double-arm lever, characterized in that said double-arm lever is placed on the corner post of the side wall of the removable module, the swivel joint additionally contains a double-arm lever mounted on a bracket located on the roof of the removable module, and a connecting rod interacting with the double-arm levers ( RU 179724, IPC B61D 17/16, B65D 90/10, publ. 05/23/2018).

The closest technical solution is a device for locking the loading hatch covers of cars, containing clamps of the loading hatch covers interacting with the locking brackets of the loading hatch covers, placed with the possibility of longitudinal movement in support guide brackets mounted on the roof of the car, a horizontal lock rod with L-shaped crossbars , fixing the clamps of the loading hatch covers, a vertical drive rod that interacts with a horizontal lock rod, characterized in that the clamp of the loading hatch covers is made in the form of a drive handle, hingedly mounted on the roof of the car, the drive handle is equipped with a slip ring for insertion into a fixing groove cut in locking bracket of the loading hatch cover, to fix the drive handle, its free end is placed between a pair of supporting guide brackets having fixing guide holes for placing an L-shaped crossbar, and is fixed by an L-shaped crossbar inserted into the specified fixing guide holes, the vertical drive rod with its upper the end is pivotally connected to the horizontal locking rod through a double-armed lever pivotally mounted on the car body, the lower end of the vertical drive rod is placed in the lower guide bracket fixed to the body or frame of the car, through holes are made at the lower end of the vertical drive rod and in the lower guide bracket for placing a sealing device (RU 152187, B61D 17/16, publ. 05/10/2015).

The disadvantage of these devices, including the closest technical solution, is the inability to fix the device in the open position, which indicates insufficient ease of use, since spontaneous lowering of the drive rod is possible to the lower position corresponding to the closed position.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is the insufficiently convenient design of the mechanism for sealing the covers of the loading hatches of a hopper car.

The technical result is the creation of a car hopper design that is more convenient to operate, while maintaining its reliability and simplicity.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the hopper car includes running parts, automatic coupling devices, a frame and a body consisting of side and end walls, bins equipped with unloading hatches and a roof equipped with loading hatches, a locking mechanism for loading hatches, as well as sealing loading hatches, including a horizontal rod installed in the guide brackets of the locking mechanism, mounted on the roof of the car, pivotally connected through a lever with a vertical rod containing bolts that fix the locking mechanism, interacting with the bracket fixed to the frame of the car, while the lower part of the vertical rod and the bracket contains holes for interacting with each other, according to the invention the bracket contains two grooves, and the engagement of the lower part of the vertical rod with the lower groove corresponds to the closed position of the mechanism, and the engagement of the lower part of the vertical rod with the upper groove corresponds to the open position of the mechanism, while the position of the vertical rod in in the grooves of the bracket specifies the extreme positions of the bolts, corresponding to the closed and open positions.

The frame, body, locking and sealing mechanism for loading hatch covers can be made of metal.

The frame, body, locking and sealing mechanism for loading hatch covers can be made of a metal-based alloy.

The frame, body, locking and sealing mechanism for loading hatch covers can be made of steel.

The frame, body, locking and sealing mechanism for loading hatch covers can be made of an aluminum-based alloy.

- 1 044671

The guide brackets can be rigidly fixed to the roof of the car by welding.

The horizontal rod can be rigidly connected to the bolts by welding.

The lever may be pivotally connected to a lever bracket, which may be rigidly fixed to the roof by welding.

The hinged connection of the lever with the lever bracket, horizontal and vertical rods can be realized using an axis with limiters.

The hinged connection of the lever with the lever bracket, horizontal and vertical rods can be realized using an axis with bosses.

The hinged connection of the lever with the lever bracket, horizontal and vertical rods can be realized using an axis with bolts.

The bracket can be rigidly fixed to the car frame by welding.

The vertical rod may contain a handle.

The vertical rod may contain a fastening element, and the bracket may contain a fastening element.

The fastening element on the vertical rod and the fastening on the bracket can be rigidly fixed by welding.

The vertical rod fastening element and the bracket fastening can be made in the form of a plate.

Through holes can be made in the vertical rod fastening element and in the bracket fastening to accommodate a sealing device.

The horizontal rod can be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car roof.

The horizontal rod can be movably placed in the holes of the guide brackets of the sealing mechanism, with the possibility of longitudinal movement through them.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings:

in fig. 1 - shows a general view of the hopper car;

in fig. 2 - location of the mechanism for sealing the loading hatch covers;

in fig. 3 - view of the lever;

in fig. 4 - horizontal rod bolt in the closed position;

in fig. 5 - horizontal rod bolt in open position;

in fig. 6 - vertical thrust relative to the bracket in the closed position;

in fig. 7 - vertical thrust relative to the bracket in the open position.

The hopper car (Fig. 1) includes chassis 1, automatic couplers 2, frame 3 and body 4, consisting of two side 5 and two end 6 walls, hoppers 7 equipped with unloading hatches 8 and a roof 9 equipped with loading hatches 10, and also includes a locking mechanism 11 and sealing 12 (Fig. 2) of the cover 10.1 of the loading hatch 10. The frame 3, the body 4, the locking mechanism 11 and sealing 12 are made of metals or alloys based on them, for example, steel or an alloy based on them. aluminum base.

The mechanism for sealing 12 loading hatches 10 includes a horizontal rod 13 with bolts 14, a vertical rod 15, a lever 16 and a bracket 17.

The horizontal rod 13 is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car roof 9 and is installed in the guide brackets 11.1 of the locking mechanism 11, rigidly fixed to the car roof 9, for example, by welding. The guide brackets 11.1 of the locking mechanism 11 are designed for precise positioning of the horizontal rod 13 on the roof 9 of the car, therefore, each guide bracket 11.1 contains a hole for placing and passing through the horizontal rod 13, while the horizontal rod 13 is placed in the holes 11.1.1 (Fig. 4 ) guide brackets 11.1 movably, with the possibility of longitudinal movement through them.

The horizontal rod 13 contains bolts 14 and is rigidly connected to them, for example, by welding. The movement of the horizontal rod 13 sets the bolts 14 in motion, ensuring their movement to their extreme positions: the closed position (Fig. 4), when the bolts 14 enter the holes 11.1.2 of the guide brackets 11.1 of the locking mechanism 11, thereby sealing the locking mechanism 11 and the lid 10.1 loading hatches 10, the position is open (Fig. 5), when the bolts 14 are removed from the holes 11.1.2 of the guide brackets 11.1 and do not interfere with the opening of the locking mechanism 11 and the covers 10.1 of the loading hatches 10.

The closed/open positions of the bolts 14, achieved by moving the horizontal rod 13, determine the extreme positions of the sealing mechanism 12 closed/open.

The horizontal rod 13 with one end is installed in the guide bracket 11.1 of the locking mechanism 11, and the other is pivotally connected to one of the ends of the lever 16 (Fig. 2), which in turn is pivotally connected to the vertical rod 15 at its other end, and is also pivotally connected to bracket 16.1 of the lever 16, rigidly fixed to the roof 9 of the car body 4, for example, by welding. The hinged connection of the lever 16 with the horizontal rod 13, the vertical rod 15 and the bracket 16.1 of the lever 16 can be realized using an axis with limiters, for example, an axis with bosses or bonks. Lever 16 transmits translational movements from the vertical rod 15 to the horizontal rod 13. The vertical rod 15 can be equipped with a handle 15.1 for more convenient actuation and

- 2 044671 movement of rod 15.

The use of a sealing mechanism 12, in which the lever 16.1 is equipped with a triple hinge joint, namely a hinge connection with a horizontal rod 13, with a vertical rod and a bracket 16.1 of the lever 16, ensures precise positioning and force transmission, allowing for uniform distribution of the load perceived by the horizontal rod 13 from the vertical thrust 15 and reliable operation of the sealing mechanism 12 when moving it to the closed/open position, and also implements the control function and allows you to move the locks 14 to the closed/open position.

On the frame 3 of the car, a bracket 17 is rigidly fixed, for example, by welding, necessary for interaction and fixation of the vertical rod 15. The bracket contains two grooves, upper 17.1 and lower 17.2. The grooves 17.1 and 17.2 are necessary so that the lower end of the vertical rod 15 can be inserted and fixed into them, but at the same time they could limit the movement of the vertical rod 15 in the vertical direction.

To carry out the final sealing of the mechanism 12, in the lower part of the vertical rod 15 and in the bracket 17 there are holes (not marked with a position) for interaction with each other by installing the appropriate sealing device, which is carried out after fixing the rod 15 in the lower groove 17.2 of the bracket 17, that is, in closed position.

The vertical rod 15 can be installed directly with its lower end into the grooves of the bracket to fix it and the sealing mechanism 12 in the closed/open position, or for more reliable fastening of the vertical rod 15 with the bracket 17 or, depending on their design features, it can be carried out using additional fastening devices . It should be understood that those skilled in the art will be able to suggest other embodiments of the invention and that some of its details may be modified in various other aspects without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description of the car are illustrative and not restrictive.

In this connection, further in the text, as an example of implementation, the connection of the vertical rod 15 with the bracket 17 with the use of additional fastening devices is presented. Thus, the vertical rod 15 in its lower part may additionally contain a fastening element 15.1, rigidly fixed to it, for example, by welding, which is used to fix the vertical rod 15 in the grooves 17.1 and 17.2 of the bracket 17 and fix the sealing mechanism 12 of the loading hatches 10 in the right position. Bracket 17, in turn, may contain fastening 17.3. The fastening element 15.1 of the rod 15 and the fastening 17.3 of the bracket 17 are made, for example, in the form of a plate. In the described situation, the holes for placing the sealing device are made in the fastening element 15.1 of the vertical rod 15 and in the fastening 17.3 of the bracket 17.

During sealing of the mechanism 12, the vertical rod and the bracket 17, by their design, perform a double locking function, while the first fixation in the closed position is carried out at the moment of placing the lower end of the vertical rod 15 in the lower groove 17.2 of the bracket, and the second - with the help of a sealing device placed in coaxial holes of rod 15 and bracket 17.

To seal the mechanism 12 (Fig. 6), the vertical rod 15 with its lower end is installed in the lower groove 17.2 of the bracket 17, thereby limiting the sealing mechanism 12 from moving vertically upward, and also this action causes the bolts 14 to be moved to the closed position, that is The locking mechanism 11 and the covers 10.1 of the loading hatches 10 are sealed, and accordingly the mechanism 12 is sealed, that is, it is in the closed position, after which a sealing device is installed (not shown in the drawings), thereby the final sealing of the mechanism 12 occurs. When using the fastening element 15.2 rod 15, fastening element 15.2 is installed in the lower groove 17.2 of the bracket.

The upper groove 17.1 of the bracket 17 (Fig. 7) is necessary for fixing the sealing mechanism 12 in the open position, the vertical rod 15 with its lower part is installed in the upper groove 17.1 of the bracket 17, thereby fixing the mechanism 12 in the open position and limiting it from movement directed vertically down, also this action causes the bolts 14 to be moved to the open position, that is, the locking mechanism 11 and the covers 10.1 of the loading hatches 10 are removed from the sealing, and accordingly the sealing mechanism 12 is fixed in the open position.

The position of the horizontal rod in holes 17.1 and 17.2 of the bracket 17 specifies the extreme positions of the bolts 14 closed/open, achieved when moving the horizontal rod 13, namely when moving the vertical rod 15 in the vertical direction using the lever 16, which drives the horizontal rod 13 with subsequent By installing the vertical rod 15 in the bracket 17, it is possible to fix the bolts 14 in the desired position.

The use of grooves 17.1 and 17.2 of the bracket 17, allowing the installation and fixation of the vertical rod 15, and, accordingly, the position of the sealing mechanism 12 open/closed and, based on the location of the rod 15 relative to the grooves 17.1 and 17.2, determined in the open or closed position where

- 3 044671 at the moment there are bolts 14 on the roof of the 9th car, and accordingly in what position is the sealing mechanism 12 currently located, which in total allows you not to waste time monitoring the position of the bolts 14 and the vertical rod 15 when loading the car hopper, which is certainly convenient during operation of the sealing mechanism 12 of the loading hatches 10, and accordingly increases the convenience during operation of the hopper car as a whole.

Sealing mechanisms and locking and sealing devices are used to prevent unauthorized persons from entering the cargo areas of cars and ensure the safety of transported goods. Due to the fact that in the proposed design of the sealing mechanism 12, in which, using the lever 16, precise positioning of the horizontal 13 and vertical 15 rods is carried out relative to each other with uniform load distribution, as well as the bracket 17, which allows for two-stage fixation of the vertical rod 15 for sealing, allows to implement a reliable design of the mechanism 12, capable of sealing the locking mechanism 11 and the lid 10.1 of the loading hatches 10 in the closed state, that is, it allows you to save the transported cargo from precipitation and unauthorized access, and accordingly increase the reliability of the locking and sealing device 11 and the container as a whole.

Description of the operation of the loading hatch sealing mechanism.

To move the sealing mechanism 12 of the loading hatches 10 from the closed position to the open position, it is necessary, while on the transition platform or on the surface of the ground, to raise the vertical rod 15 and remove the lower part of the rod 15 from engagement with the lower groove 17.2 of the bracket 17. Next, you need to move the vertical rod 15 up, it will move the horizontal rod 13 through the lever 16. The bolts 14 of the horizontal rod 13 move with it and release the locking mechanism 11 from fixation and do not interfere with the further opening of the mechanism 11 and the covers 10.1 of the loading hatches 10, moving the sealing mechanism 12 from the closed position to the closed position open. After which it is necessary to insert the vertical rod 15 with the lower part into the upper groove 17.1 of the bracket 17, that is, fix the mechanism 12 in the open position.

To remove the sealing mechanism 12 from the open position, you need to perform the reverse sequence of actions regarding the engagement of the vertical rod 15 with the bracket 17, the difference will be that the vertical rod 15, after being disengaged, is moved down, after which the lever 16 will cause the horizontal rod 13 to move together with bolts 14, which seal the locking mechanisms 11, as well as the covers 10.1 of the loading hatches 10, moving the sealing mechanism 12 from the open position to the closed position. After which it is necessary to insert the lower part of the rod 15 into the lower groove 17.2 of the bracket 17 and install it so that the holes of the vertical rod 15 and the bracket 17 are located coaxially, making it possible to install any corresponding sealing device (not shown) through these holes, that is, fix the mechanism sealing 12 in the closed position, seal it accordingly.

Thus, the application of the claimed invention, by maintaining the simplicity, reliability of the design and creating the ability to fix the bolts and vertical rod of the sealing mechanism, both in the closed and open positions, makes it possible to achieve greater ease of use, and, accordingly, create a car design that is more convenient to use -hopper, while maintaining reliability and simplicity.

Claims (13)

1. Hopper car, including running gear (1), automatic coupling devices (2), frame (3) and body (4), consisting of side (5) and end (6) walls, bunkers (7), equipped with unloading hatches (8), and a roof (9) equipped with loading hatches (10), a mechanism for locking (11) loading hatches, as well as sealing (12) loading hatches, including a horizontal rod (13) installed in guide brackets (11.1) locking mechanism (11) mounted on the roof (9) of the car, the horizontal rod (13) is pivotally connected through a lever (16) with a vertical rod (15) containing bolts (14) fixing the locking mechanism (11) interacting with the bracket, fixed on the frame of the car, while the lower part of the vertical rod (15) and the bracket (17) contain holes for interaction with each other, characterized in that the bracket (17) contains two grooves (17.1) and (17.2), while the engagement of the lower parts of the vertical rod (15) with the lower groove (17.2) corresponds to the closed position of the mechanism, and the engagement of the lower part of the vertical rod (15) with the upper groove (17.1) corresponds to the open position of the mechanism, and the position of the vertical rod (15) in the grooves of the bracket sets the extreme positions bolts (14), corresponding to the closed and open positions; in this case, the vertical rod (15) in its lower part additionally contains a fastening element (15.1), rigidly fixed to it, with the help of which the vertical rod (15) is fixed in the upper (17.1) and lower (17.2) grooves of the bracket (17) and fixing the sealing mechanism (12) of the loading hatches (10) in the desired position, the bracket (17) in turn may contain a fastening (17.3), and the fastening element (15.1) of the rod (15) and the fastening (17.3) of the bracket (17) are made, for example, in the form of a plate, with a fastening element installed in the lower groove (17.2) of the bracket - 4 044671 (15.2) rods (15). 2. A hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame, body, locking mechanism and sealing of the loading hatch covers are made of metal. 3. A hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame, body, locking mechanism and sealing of the loading hatch covers are made of a metal-based alloy. 4. A hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide brackets are rigidly fixed to the roof of the car by welding. 5. A hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal rod is rigidly connected to the bolts by welding. 6. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the lever bracket is rigidly fixed to the roof by welding. 7. Hopper car according to claims 1, 6, characterized in that the lever is pivotally connected to the lever bracket, horizontal and vertical rods using an axis with limiters. 8. A hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket is rigidly fixed to the frame of the car by welding. 9. A hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical rod contains a handle. 10. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical rod contains a fastening element, and the bracket contains a fastening. 11. The hopper car according to claim 10, characterized in that the fastening element on the vertical rod and the fastening on the bracket are rigidly fixed by welding. 12. The hopper car according to claim 10, characterized in that the vertical rod fastening element and the bracket fastening are made in the form of a plate. 13. The hopper car according to claim 10, characterized in that through holes are made in the vertical rod fastening element and in the bracket fastening to accommodate the sealing device.