RU2752993C1 - Method for feeding quails - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, particularly, to aviculture, specifically to a method for feeding quails to increase meat productivity of poultry using a probiotic supplement. The method involves cultivation of a strain of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 on a nutrient medium containing feed molasses, K₂HPO₄, yeast extract, powdered apple pectin at a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours, followed by soldering to the birds daily, once per day at a dosage of 0.25 to 1.0 ml per capita. Powdered apple pectin is therein added at the rate of 2.0 to 4.0 g/l to the nutrient medium at a temperature of 30 to 40°C.

EFFECT: invention ensures increased productivity and safety of quails.

1 cl, 5 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to poultry farming, and specifically to a method for feeding quails to increase the meat productivity of poultry using a probiotic additive.

There are ways to increase the meat productivity of poultry by introducing microelements, vitamins, probiotics in poultry feed. At the same time, microorganisms are more often used in the composition of feed additives of microbial origin, which exhibit probiotic properties, but are not the natural microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of this type of bird.

The known method provides for the introduction of pectin into the nutrient medium at the rate of 5-6 g / l (0.5-0.6%), which ensures the accumulation of biomass of microorganisms and the addition of prebiotic properties to the fermented milk product (RF Patent No. 2023396, IPC А23С 9/12, А23С 9/127, 03/02/1993).

A known method of growing quails, including free drinking of an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite, providing an increase in the meat productivity of poultry (RF Patent No. 2530607, IPC A61K 33/14, A61P 3/00, 10.10.2014).

The disadvantage of this method is that sodium hypochlorite is a strong oxidizing agent, as a result of which, getting into the gastrointestinal tract of a bird, it will contribute to the death of both pathogenic and beneficial microflora, which can cause gastrointestinal diseases associated with a violation of the microbial balance.

The known method provides for the use of probiotic feed additive for quail, including three types of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B-5788, Lactobacillus acidophilus B-3235, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis B-3145, which provides an increase in the safety and productivity of poultry (Kobilyatskaya G.V. Obtaining and effectiveness of using the probiotic Trilactobact in quail breeding: abstract of the thesis ... Candidate of Agricultural Sciences / G.V. Kobilyatskaya. - Krasnodar, 2013 .-- 24 s).

The disadvantage of this method is that the probiotic contains microorganisms that are not natural representatives of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of quails, thereby the additive will not provide the maximum realization of the biological potential of the bird, and the additive is added in its native form to the feed, which will provide a large percentage of the death of a culture before it enters the digestive tract of a bird.

The closest is a technical solution in which a probiotic supplement is used for quails, consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, which are cultivated in a medium containing 45.0 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2.0 g / l and yeast extract - 0 , 02 g / l, at 37 ° C, for 24 hours, until the salivarius titer is at least 1.0 × 10 ¹⁰ CFU / ml and the quails are drunk daily at a dose of 0.2-1.0 ml per head (RF Patent No. 2689730, IPC A23K 50/70, A23K 10/10, 28.05.2019).

The disadvantage of this method is that when using a probiotic supplement in the diet of quails, the living culture of the microorganism will die due to the aggressive environment of the gastrointestinal tract, which will not give the maximum manifestation of the productivity of the bird.

The technical result is to increase the productivity of quails, due to the use of lactobacilli, which are natural representatives of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of wild quails and apple pectin, which ensures the maximum survival of lactobacilli.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of feeding quails, including the use of a probiotic additive consisting of lactic acid bacteria, according to the invention, lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 are used, which are cultivated in a molasses medium containing 45.0 g / l of molasses feed, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2.0 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, while powdered apple pectin is added to the nutrient medium at a temperature of 30-40 ° C at the rate of 2.0-4.0 g / l and fed to the bird daily, once a day at a dose of 0.25-1.0 ml per head.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is due to the fact that lactic acid microorganisms are used - Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061, which were isolated from the digestive tract of wild quail using an independent microbiological method, quantitative polymerase chain reaction in real time and metagenomic methods (Comparative analysis and probiotic potential of new strains of the genus Lactobacillus from evolutionarily fixed associations of the gastrointestinal tract of wild birds / V.V. Radchenko, E.V. Ilnitskaya, T.M.Shuvaeva, M.V. Aleksandrova, A.V. Luneva, Yu.A. Lysenko, N.Yu. Basova, AN Nekrasov, AG Koschaev // Biopharmaceutical Journal. - 2020. - T. 12. No. 1. - P.44-49) and powdered apple pectin as a component that ensures the maximum survival of lactobacilli.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified in the study of this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, correspond to the criterion of "inventive step".

These differences allow us to conclude that the proposed technical solutions meet the "novelty" criterion.

Compliance of the proposed solution with the criterion of patentability "industrial applicability" is due to the fact that the proposed technical solution is efficient and can be used for feeding quails.

The quail feeding method is carried out as follows.

At the initial stage of research, we studied the cultivation of bacteria Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 on molasses nutrient medium with the addition of aggressive components to its composition without the use of pectin. An important indicator of the probiotic properties of lactic acid flora is their ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract, as well as their resistance to biological fluids of the host organism. The latter indicator was visualized by the presence or absence of growth of the studied microflora in a liquid nutrient medium (molasses) containing natural horse gastric juice (Equin preparation, 90%), canned medical bile of cattle (20%, 30%, 40%), phenol (0.4%) and NaCl (2%, 4%). The cultivation time of the culture was 48 h, the temperature optimum was 37 ° C.

The results on the effect of aggressive media on the survival of lactobacillus Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 without the use of the polysaccharide component (pectin) are presented in Table 1.

The research results showed that the cultures of the studied lactobacilli showed good growth only on a medium containing 2.0 and 4.0% sodium chloride, as well as in the presence of bile in the medium at a concentration of 20%. A slight growth was given by a culture on a nutrient medium containing 30% bile. In other cases, the growth of the studied culture did not appear.

The next stage of research is the substantiation of the use of powdered apple and citrus pectins for growing Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13 061 on molasses nutrient medium with the addition of aggressive components to its composition. The choice of pectins is due to the fact that there is a standard for these pectins that allows them to be used for food purposes ("GOST 29186-91. Pectin. Specifications").

For the experiment, microorganisms Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 were grown on molasses nutrient medium with the addition of aggressive components to its composition using various doses of powdered apple pectin:

1. Composition of medium No. 1: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, apple pectin - 1.0 g / l.

2. Composition of medium No. 2: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, apple pectin - 2.0 g / l.

3. Composition of medium No. 3: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, apple pectin - 3.0 g / l.

4. Composition of medium No. 4: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, apple pectin - 4.0 g / l.

5. Composition of medium No. 5: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, apple pectin - 5.0 g / l.

The results of the influence of various doses of a polysaccharide of plant origin (apple pectin) on the resistance of lactobacillus Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 to aggressive environments are presented in Table 2.

Table 2 shows that the best research results were manifested with the use in the composition of the nutrient medium on which the studied lactobacilli were grown, apple pectin at a dose of 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 g / l. At a dose of 2.0 g / l of apple pectin in the molasses medium, resistance to all solutions of NaCl and bile was revealed, as well as an insignificant growth in a medium containing 0.4% phenol, however, there was no growth in gastric juice. At a dose of 1.0 g / l of apple pectin in the nutrient medium, the viability was revealed as without the absence of pectin.

The third stage of research is the study of the cultivation of Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 on molasses nutrient medium with the addition of aggressive components to its composition using various doses of powdered citrus pectin:

1. Composition of medium No. 1: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, citrus pectin - 1.0 g / l.

2. Composition of medium No. 2: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, citrus pectin - 2.0 g / l.

3. Composition of medium No. 3: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, citrus pectin - 3.0 g / l.

4. Composition of medium No. 4: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, citrus pectin - 4.0 g / l.

5. Composition of medium No. 5: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, citrus pectin - 5.0 g / l.

The results of the influence of various doses of a polysaccharide of plant origin (citrus pectin) on the resistance of lactobacilli Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 to aggressive environments are presented in Table 3.

Table 3 shows that the best research results were manifested with the use of citrus pectin in the composition of the nutrient medium on which the studied lactobacilli were grown at a dose of 5.0 g / l.

The results of the studies showed that the most effective and optimal nutrient medium is molasses medium of the following composition: 45 g / l of fodder molasses, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, powdered apple pectin - 3 , 0 g / l and the rest is water. The developed probiotic additive can be used in production conditions for growing poultry, in particular quails.

Next, the microorganisms Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 were cultured in a medium consisting of fodder molasses - 45.0 g, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2.0 g, yeast extract - 0.02 g and powdered apple pectin taken in an amount of 3.0 d per 1 liter of water added to the nutrient medium at a temperature of 30-40 C for its uniform distribution and complete dissolution. Then, microorganisms Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 with a titer of at least 1.0 × 10 ⁵ CFU / ml in an amount of 100.0 g / L are added to the resulting mixture and cultured at 37 ° C for 24 hours.

When powdered apple pectin is introduced into the nutrient medium at temperatures below 30 ° C, its complete dissolution and uniform distribution does not occur.

When powdered apple pectin is introduced into the nutrient medium at temperatures above 40 ° C, the pectin is partially destroyed.

When using a seed culture of Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 in an amount of less than 100.0 g / l, it will not be possible to achieve the required culture titer in the probiotic supplement.

When using a seed culture of Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 in an amount of more than 100.0 g / l, the same titer is achieved and it makes no sense to take a larger amount.

When using powdered apple pectin in an amount of less than 3.0 g / L, the maximum viability of the crops in the probiotic supplement will not be ensured.

When using powdered apple pectin in an amount of more than 3.0 g / l, the same crop viability is achieved in the probiotic supplement, so it makes no sense to take more.

An example of a specific implementation of the method for feeding quails.

For feeding quails, a mixture of Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 in molasses medium with the addition of powdered apple pectin was used as a probiotic additive. To select the optimal dose of using the probiotic supplement, a scientific experiment was carried out on Texas quail breed.

Using the method of analog groups, five groups of quails, 200 heads in each, were formed: control group - only the main full-fledged feed and drinking water were present in the diet; Experimental group 1 - with the main diet and drinking water for the bird, they also drank the developed probiotic supplement at a dose of 0.25 ml / head; 2nd experimental group - with the main diet and drinking water for the bird, they also drank a probiotic supplement at a dose of 0.5 ml / head; The 3rd experimental group - with the main diet and drinking water for the bird, they also drank a probiotic supplement at a dose of 0.75 ml / head; Experimental group 4 - with the main diet and drinking water for the bird, they also drank a probiotic supplement at a dose of 1.0 ml / bird. The application of the probiotic supplement in the experimental groups was carried out daily (table 3).

Quails were raised in semi-industrial multi-tiered metal cages.

The results of economic indicators when feeding quails are presented in table 4.

The safety of quails for the entire growing period in the experimental groups was higher than in the control by 3.5% (1st experimental group), 4.0% (2nd-4th experimental groups).

The study of changes in the dynamics of the live weight of quails showed that the use of a probiotic supplement had a positive effect on this indicator. During the experiment, a uniform superiority of the live weight of the birds of the experimental groups was observed in comparison with the control, and only at the end of the experiment was a statistically significant difference recorded. So when weighing quails on the 56th day, the live weight of birds in the 1st experimental group was higher than in the control by 2.5%, and in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups there was a significant increase in the indicator in compared with control by 5.2; 5.6 and 5.1% (P <0.05). On all other days of weighing, a difference in the weight of birds of the experimental and control groups was also observed, but it was not significant. So on the seventh day the weight of birds in the experimental groups was slightly higher than in the control by 0.5; 1.3; 1.5 and 0.7%. On the 14th day in the 1st experimental group, the weight of quails exceeded the control group by 1.8%, in the 2nd experimental group by 2.6%, in the 3rd group by 4.1%, and in the 4th - 3.4%. On the 21st day in the 1st-4th experimental groups the studied indicator was higher than the analogs in the control one by 1.1; 3.3; 3.6 and 3.4%. A similar trend was observed on other days of weighing quails up to 56 days.

The increase in the live weight of quails over the entire growing period in the 1st experimental group was 319.31 g, which is 7.97 g or 2.6% more than in the control group, in the 2nd group it is more by 16.73 g or 5.4%, in the 3rd experimental group - 18.18 g (5.8%) and in the 4th experimental group - 16.27 g (5.2%). At the same time, the best conversion rate was recorded in the 2nd experimental group, which was 3.25 kg versus 3.32 kg in the control and 1st experimental groups, and in the 3rd and 4th experimental groups - 3.28 kg ... In general, the rate of feed consumption per 1 kg of gain (conversion) of quails in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups was lower than in the control by 2.1 and 1.2%.

In general, the increased dynamics of the live weight of quails in the experimental groups can be substantiated due to the positive effect of a probiotic supplement based on Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 cultures and molasses nutrient medium with apple pectin, which contribute to a better absorption of energy and nutrients of compound feed by poultry.

Thus, the test results showed that feeding quails using the developed probiotic supplement based on the culture of Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061, isolated from the digestive tract of wild quail, as well as grown on molasses medium with the addition of powdered apple pectin, in the tested doses provides an increase in the productivity of quails.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding quails, including the use of a probiotic additive consisting of lactic acid bacteria, characterized in that Lactobacillus parabuchneri B-13061 is used as lactic acid bacteria, which are cultivated in a molasses medium containing 45.0 g / l of molasses fodder, K ₂ HPO ₄ - 2.0 g / l, yeast extract - 0.02 g / l, while powdered apple pectin is added to the nutrient medium at a temperature of 30-40 ° C at the rate of 2.0-4.0 g / l and fed to the bird daily, 1 time per day at a dose of 0.25-1.0 ml per head.