RU2732836C1 - Dismembrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: disintegrators and crushing devices.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for fine grinding. Dismembrator, which comprises housing with loading unloading branch pipes, in which fixed and movable working elements are vertically installed, made in the form of disks with rows of destructive elements located radially on facing to each other surfaces of disks, wherein each destructive element is located with a gap between adjacent rows of destructive elements of the opposite disc, an axis of the electric drive is mechanically fixed to the center of the movable disk of the working member. Surfaces of the stationary and rotating disks, which are abraded to each other, are made in the form of identical radial crimps which are uniformly distributed over the surface of the disks. Surfaces of each corrugation are conic shaped, which is two hollow truncated cones, having common small base, wherein one of cones truncated in longitudinal direction by plane of symmetry into two identical parts, tapers from disc center to its periphery at angle of 60–70°, and other truncated in longitudinal direction plane of symmetry cone expands at opening angle 16–24° from small base to periphery, outlet channel of discharge device is made in form of Laval nozzle. Device further includes ventilation plates, a compressor, a collecting funnel and a storage bin, wherein the ventilation blades are made on the rotor in the form of plates directed from the edges of the large base of the tapering cone of the crimp to the center of the disc, on the housing of the discharge pipe of the unloading pipe, coaxially to the outlet channel, a pipe is made, to which a compressor is attached, collecting funnel made in the form of a truncated hollow cone is installed at the outlet of the unloading pipe channel; a collecting hopper is installed at the bottom of the collecting funnel.

EFFECT: device increases efficiency.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of grinding, dispersing and mechanical activation of materials, including those with nanostructure of materials, and can be used in the mining and construction industries, in power engineering, in technological schemes of processing plants, in schemes for preparing solid fuel for combustion and in technological lines of preparation feed for farm animals.

Known disintegrator (RU 2047364 C1, IPC В02С 13/22, publ. 10.11.1995), containing a housing in which working bodies in the form of disks are installed opposite each other, with the possibility of rotation in opposite directions, with cylindrical grinding elements attached to them in kind of beat. The use of this device for grinding solid materials is ineffective, since frequent replacement of grinding elements on two discs is required due to high shock loads, and this device is not intended for quick disassembly.

Known dismembrator (UA 104485 C1, IPC B02C 13/00, publ. 02/10/2016), consisting of a cylindrical body with coaxially mounted in it the upper fixed and lower movable disks with grinding elements located on the surfaces of the disks facing each other. Shredders of the horizontal type have the disadvantage that the lateral surface of the rotating disc is filled with grinding products, which requires special measures to be taken to remove them. Also, this grinder has difficulty in repairing and replacing impact elements - beats, which are pressed directly into the upper part of the housing with a hopper.

Known dismembrator (analogue) (SU 1768285 A2, IPC B02C 13/22, publ. 15.10.1992), consisting of a cylindrical body, consisting of two chambers: sedimentation and grinding chambers. In the grinding chamber, vertical fixed and movable disks with grinding elements - beaters - are coaxially placed. In the periphery of the stationary disc, between the beats, there is an opening for the output of the crushed material into the deposition chamber. When the raw material is fed through the loading device for grinding, air enters the grinding chamber and a pressure is created that exceeds the pressure than in the settling chamber. This grinder has the disadvantage that there are only two rows of grinding elements on each disc, there is a lot of free space between the rows, so the number of collisions of particles with each other and with the beaters is small. The degree of grinding of particles is influenced by the number of collisions of particles with each other, the number of rows of beats, linear speed of beats, and much more. Therefore, the required fineness of the mineral raw materials loaded into the disintegrator will not be provided.

Known dismembrator (SU 1734834 A1, IPC B02C 13/22, publ. 23.05.1992). The raw material falls through the feed nozzles onto the accelerating blades, with the help of which the material is uniformly directed to the first row of grinding elements and the rotor. As a result of the impact on these elements, the particles of material are destroyed and thrown to the next ones to the grinding elements of the stator and so on until the complete exit of the crushed material through the unloading branch pipe. The disadvantages of this device are low productivity and low wear resistance, since when one blade of a rotor blade fails, a restorative repair of the entire blade is necessary, compared with grinding elements in the form of blades, blades are less preferable.

The closest technical solution, chosen as a prototype, is a dismembrator described in the patent (RU 2683 530 C1, IPC B02C 13/22, publ. 03/28/2019. Bull. No. 10). The prototype dismembrator contains a housing with loading and unloading nozzles, in which a stationary and movable working bodies are vertically installed, made in the form of disks with rows of beaters located radially on the surfaces of the disks facing each other, with each beat located with a gap between adjacent rows impact beats of the opposite disk, the axis of the electric drive is mechanically fixed to the center of the moving disk of the working body, the surfaces of the stationary and rotating disks facing each other are made in the form of identical radial corrugations, which are evenly distributed over the surface of the disks, and the surface of each corrugation is given the form of a conical shape, which is two hollow truncated cones having a common small base, and one of the cones, truncated in the longitudinal direction by the plane of symmetry into two identical parts, tapers from the center of the disk to its periphery at an angle of 60-70 °, and the other is truncated in the longitudinal direction by the plane of symmetry expands at an opening angle of 16-24 ° from the small base to the periphery, while ventilation blades are additionally introduced into the device, mechanically fixed along the peripheral surface of the rotating disk, in the said blades a bend is made directed towards the rotation of the disk at an angle of 132-138 ° to the direction movement, and the discharge branch pipe is made on the body in the form of a spiral volute, the outlet channel of which is directed tangentially to the direction of rotation of the working disk.

The disadvantage of this grinder is that, according to the working hypothesis developed by I.A. Hint [Hint IA About the main problems of mechanical activation. Tallinn, 1977. Preprint 1.], activation is determined by three parameters: the impact speed, the number of impacts and the time interval between subsequent impacts. Grinding elements with a circular cross-section give the material the widest range of impact types from direct impact to sliding with all possible angles of inclination, material activation occurs in a wide range of force effects from pure compression forces to shear forces, in the direct impact zone the material is activated by compression forces, and the product predominantly the coarse fraction is obtained, in the sliding impact zone the material is activated by shear forces, and the product is obtained predominantly of the fine fraction. In the dismembrator, which implements the prototype device, there is no sliding and abrasion of the particles of the crushed raw material, therefore, it is impossible to achieve the maximum fineness of grinding.

These disadvantages are due to the fact that there are no circulation flows in the working chamber, which affect the movement speed inside the grinding chamber of the raw material particle.

A significant duration of processing of raw materials occurs due to the fact that the disintegration process is significantly affected by the speed of collision of particles of raw materials with destructive elements. In the prototype device, this speed is low, since the particles move along the gaps between the beaters only under the influence of gravitational and centrifugal forces, which create insignificant dynamic forces and give individual particles a relatively low acceleration in the direction from the loading hole to the discharge hole located in the peripheral part of the chamber grinding. The loss of particle velocity during movement requires a high-cycle dynamic action to grind them to a given size.

When implementing the known device for the disintegration of mineral raw materials, it is difficult to create excess pressure inside the working chamber, which complicates the conditions for the removal of crushed particles and creates conditions for the deposition of these particles inside the working chamber.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the speed of movement of particles of disintegrated raw materials inside the disintegrator, intensify the grinding process and reduce the grain size of particles of disintegrated raw materials.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a dismembrator containing a housing with a loading unloading branch pipes, in which a fixed and movable working bodies are vertically installed, made in the form of disks with rows of destructive elements located radially on the surfaces of the disks facing each other, with each destructive the element is located with a gap between adjacent rows of destructive elements of the opposite disk, the axis of the electric drive is mechanically fixed to the center of the movable disk of the working body, while the surfaces of the stationary and rotating disks facing each other are made in the form of identical radial corrugations, which are evenly distributed over the surface of the disks, and the surfaces each corrugation is given the form of a conical shape, which is two hollow truncated cones having a common small base, and one of the cones, truncated in the longitudinal direction by the plane of symmetry into two identical parts, narrows from the center of the disk to its periphery series at an angle of 60-70 °, and another cone truncated in the longitudinal direction by the plane of symmetry expands at an opening angle of 16-24 ° from the small base to the periphery, the outlet channel of the unloading device is made in the form of a Laval nozzle, and ventilation plates are additionally introduced into the device, a compressor , a collecting funnel and a storage hopper, while the ventilation plates are performed on the rotor, and are directed from the edges of the large base of the tapering cone of the corrugation to the center of the disk, on the casing of the volute of the discharge nozzle, a nozzle is made coaxially with the outlet channel, to which the compressor is fixed, at the outlet of the discharge nozzle channel is installed a collecting funnel made in the form of a truncated hollow cone; a storage hopper is installed at the bottom of the collecting funnel.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-section of a dismembrator.

FIG. 2. schematically shows a radial view of corrugations on a fixed disk (stator), made in the form of a truncated Laval nozzle.

FIG. 3. The radial view of the corrugations on the movable disk (rotor), made in the form of a truncated Laval nozzle, is schematically shown.

FIG. 4 schematically the process of the final operation of unloading disintegrated material.

FIG. 5 shows the size of the corrugation on the moving and stationary discs.

FIG. 1. the following designations have been introduced: 1 – housing of the grinding chamber; 2 – loading hole; 3 – unloading hole; 4 – movable disk; 5 – stationary disk; 6 – destructive elements on a fixed disk; 7 – destructive elements on the movable disk; 8 – ventilation blades; 9 – axis of the drive shaft; 10.11 - ball bearing; 12-loading branch pipe; 13 – ventilation plates; 14 – unloading branch pipe.

FIG. 2. the following designations have been introduced: 2 - loading opening; 5 – stationary disk (stator); 15 - corrugations made in the form of two truncated cones having a common small base, while one of the cones truncated in the longitudinal direction by the plane of symmetry into two identical parts tapers from the center of the disk to its periphery at an angle of 60 ^o -70 ^o , and the other is truncated at in the longitudinal direction by the plane of symmetry, the cone expands at an opening angle of 16 ^o -24 ^o from the small base to the periphery.

FIG. 3. the following designations have been introduced: 4 – movable disk (rotor); 13– ventilation plates; 16 — corrugations made in the form of a Laval nozzle truncated in the longitudinal direction.

FIG. 4. the following designations have been introduced: 3 – discharge opening; 4 – movable disk (rotor); 9 – rotor axis; 17 - collecting funnel; 18-storage capacity; 19 – compressor; 20 – branch pipe

FIG. 5 introduced the following designations: З1, З2, З3 –sections in the loading part of the corrugation; в1, в2, в3 - sections in the unloading part of the corrugation; О is the diameter of the throat section of the Laval nozzle.

FIG. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and FIG. 5 serve to explain the essence of the invention.

The essence of the invention is as follows. The starting material (Fig. 1) through the loading nozzle 12 enters through the loading opening 2 into the working chamber 1, where it is successively crushed on concentrically installed rows of destructive elements (beams) 7 of the rotor 4 and destructive elements 6 of the stationary disk (stator), 5 and through the hole 3 of the discharge branch pipe 14 is brought out. The rotor 4 is driven into rotation by a drive, the axis of which 9 is mechanically connected through a ball bearing 10, 11 to the center of the rotor 4. The initial material through the loading nozzle 12 and the loading opening 2 falls onto the first row of destructive elements 7, 6 of the stator 5 and the rotor 4. As a result of the impact , about these elements, material particles are destroyed and thrown to the next destructive elements of the stator and so on, until the complete exit of the crushed material through the discharge opening 3 of the discharge pipe 14. In the claimed device, the movement of disintegrated particles from the feed opening 2 to the discharge opening 3 occurs not only under the action of centrifugal and gravitational forces, as is implemented in the prototype device, but also under the influence of the pressure gradient arising between the indicated holes. The pressure gradient is created as follows. The high speed of rotation of the rotor, with destructive elements installed and on it, with the help of ventilation plates 13 and ventilation blades 8, creates an air flow moving from the loading hole 2 to the discharge hole 3. The ventilation plates 13 act as an additional source of strengthening the ventilation flow, but and serve to create a directed movement of the incoming lumpy raw material to the working elements of the disintegrator. In addition, they are an additional tool for crushing incoming raw materials. Ventilation blades 8 are made in the form of hollow cylinders, dissected at an angle of 45 ^about to the direction of movement of the rotor 4. Such design and arrangement of ventilation blades 8 contributes to the creation of a greater air flow in the disintegrator, which is achieved by increasing their surface, compared with the possible flat design of these blades. The created air flow passes through the corrugations 15 (Fig. 2) of the stator 5, and the corrugations 16 (Fig. 3) of the rotor 4, made in the form of two truncated cones having a common small base, while one of the cones is truncated in the longitudinal direction by the plane of symmetry it narrows into two identical parts from the center of the disc to its periphery at an angle of 60 ^o -70 ^o , and the other cone truncated in the longitudinal direction by the plane of symmetry expands at an opening angle of 16 ^o -24 ^o from the small base to the periphery, (converging-expanding nozzle) representing a channel narrowed in the middle. This embodiment of the corrugation forms a Laval nozzle cut by a longitudinal plane. The Laval nozzle serves to accelerate the gas flow passing through it, under certain conditions, to speeds above the speed of sound. Since the corrugations 15 and 16 are made similar in shape and size not only in the stator, but also in the rotor, when the rotor rotates, they form a full Laval nozzle when the corrugations overlap. The high-speed air flow in the corrugations creates a strong vacuum inside the chamber, sucking in the disintegrated particles and giving them high speeds, which significantly increases the intensity of disintegration and the degree of grinding (disintegration) of the raw material particles. The crushed material, reaching the last row of beats, is thrown at high speed into the channel of the discharge pipe 14. The housing 1 of the grinding chamber is made in the form of a snail, in the head of which the discharge pipe 14 is made (Fig. 4). The discharge pipe channel (Fig. 4) is also made in the form of a Laval nozzle and is directed tangentially to the rotor 4 in the direction of the rotor movement (the direction of rotation is shown by the arrow).

With the help of the mentioned blades 8 and ventilation plates 13, an air flow was created inside the grinding chamber, which, passing through corrugations made in the form of Laval nozzles, was accelerated to high speeds, capturing disintegrated particles of raw materials and intensively crushing and breaking and crushing them to small sizes. The particle velocity of the partially crushed material was directed into the channel of the discharge branch pipe 14, made in the form of a snail. The channel of the discharge nozzle 14 was also made in the form of a Laval nozzle, which additionally increased the speed of the crushed particles of raw materials. Compressed air under a pressure of 1.0 MPa (about 10 kg / cm ² ) was supplied from the compressor 19 through the discharge pipe 20 to the area of movement of the previously disintegrated raw material. To create a jet of compressed gas, a SB4 / S-50 LB30 compressor unit was used.

Ejection at high speed of crushed particles of raw materials from the discharge opening 3 and their impact with the surface of the collecting funnel 17 contributed to an even higher degree of disintegration of the particles. The collecting funnel 17 was made in the form of a hollow truncated cone. As a result of such an implementation of the collecting funnel 17, the crushed material did not fly in different directions, but was poured in a directional way into the storage tank 18.

The crushed material, passing through the channel of the discharge nozzle 14, made in the form of a Laval nozzle, acquires additional acceleration, leaves at high speed through the discharge opening 3, and is directed to the surface of the collecting funnel 17 and is poured into the storage tank 18. At the same time, fresh material continuously sucked into the nozzle 12, maintaining a constant mixing, grinding and pumping cycle.

An example of a specific implementation. With the help of the claimed device, fluoroanhydrite was ground, which is metered out from the storage hopper by a dosing screw to grind granules into a hammer mill (dosing is carried out by calibrating and maintaining the required rotational speed by an electric dosing screw). After the hammer mill, the hydrite fluoride entered the disintegrator (Fig. 1) through the inlet 12 and the inlet 2.

The dismembrator was made in the form of a movable (rotor) 4 and stationary 5 (stator) disks. The diameter of both discs was the same (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) and amounted to 513 mm. Each of the discs had 6 corrugations 15 and 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) uniformly made in the discs in the radial direction. Each of the corrugations was a Laval nozzle truncated in the longitudinal direction. The dimensions of the cross-sections of the corrugations and the bevel angles of the converging and diverging parts of the nozzle are shown in FIG. five.

On the movable and stationary disks, on the surfaces facing each other, rows 6 and 5 of destructive elements (beats) 7 and 6, respectively, were concentrically arranged. In this case, a gap was formed between the rows of destructive elements of the movable and stationary disks, uniformly changing from 26 mm closer to the center to 14 mm at the most distant radii. At the end of the movable disk (rotor) blades were performed vent 8 in the form of truncated cylinders dissected at 45 to the direction ^of movement of the rotor 4. By means of said blades and the ventilation plate 13 was generated inside the grinding chamber air flow that passes through the corrugations formed in the form of Laval nozzles, it was accelerated to high speeds, capturing disintegrated particles of raw materials and intensively crushing them, destroying them to small sizes. The particle velocity of the partially crushed material was directed into the channel of the discharge branch pipe 14, located in the head part of the housing 1, made in the form of a snail. The channel of the discharge pipe 14 was also made in the form of a Laval nozzle. The Laval nozzle in the outlet channel was completely similar in shape to the corrugations shown in FIG. 5. The only difference was that all dimensions shown in FIG. 5 have been reduced by 5 times. The execution of the channel of the discharge nozzle 14 in the form of a Laval nozzle further increased the speed of the pre-crushed particles of the raw material.

With the help of the mentioned blades 8 and ventilation plates 13, an air flow was created inside the grinding chamber, which, passing through corrugations made in the form of Laval nozzles, was accelerated to high speeds, capturing disintegrated particles of raw materials and intensively crushing and breaking and crushing them to small sizes. The particle velocity of the partially crushed material was directed into the channel of the discharge branch pipe 14, made in the form of a snail. The channel of the discharge nozzle 14 was also made in the form of a Laval nozzle, which additionally increased the speed of the crushed particles of raw materials. Compressed air under a pressure of 1.0 MPa (about 10 kg / cm ² ) was supplied from the compressor 19 through the discharge pipe 20 to the area of movement of the previously disintegrated raw material. To create a jet of compressed gas, a SB4 / S-50 LB30 compressor unit was used.

Ejection at high speed of crushed particles of raw materials from the discharge opening 3 and their impact with the surface of the collecting funnel 17 contributed to an even higher degree of disintegration of the particles. The collecting funnel 17 was made in the form of a hollow truncated cone. As a result of such an implementation of the collecting funnel 20, the crushed material did not fly in different directions, but was poured into the storage tank 21 in a directed direction.

When using the proposed device, a productivity of 2400 kg / h was achieved. The average dispersion of the ground fluoroanhydrite was 5 μm. When disintegrating fluoroanhydrite by the prototype device, the productivity did not exceed 1200 kg / h, and the average dispersion of the crushed fluoroanhydrite did not decrease below 3 microns.

Thus, the claimed device in comparison with the prototype device made it possible to increase productivity by 2 times, and the dispersion of raw material particles to decrease by 1.7 times.

Claims (1)

A dismembrator containing a housing with loading and unloading nozzles, in which fixed and movable working bodies are vertically installed, made in the form of disks with rows of destructive elements, beaters located radially on the surfaces of the disks facing each other, while each beat is located with a gap between adjacent rows of beams of the opposite disk, the axis of the electric drive is mechanically fixed to the center of the moving disk of the working body, while the surfaces of the stationary and rotating disks facing each other are made in the form of identical radial corrugations, which are evenly distributed over the surface of the disks, and the surface of each corrugation is given the form of a conical shape, which is two hollow truncated cones having a common small base, and one of the cones, truncated in the longitudinal direction by the plane of symmetry into two identical parts, tapers from the center of the disc to its periphery at an angle of 60-70 °, and the other, truncated in the longitudinal direction, is plane With this symmetry, the cone expands at an opening angle of 16-24 ° from the small base to the periphery, while ventilation blades are introduced into the device, mechanically fixed along the peripheral surface of the rotating disk, and the discharge pipe is made on the body in the form of a spiral volute, the outlet channel of which is directed tangentially to the direction of rotation of the working disk, characterized in that the outlet channel of the unloading device is made in the form of a Laval nozzle, and ventilation plates, a compressor, a collecting funnel and a storage hopper are additionally introduced into the device, while additionally introduced ventilation vanes are made on the rotor in the form of plates directed from the edges of the large base of the tapering cone of the corrugation to the center of the disc, a branch pipe is made coaxially with the outlet channel on the casing of the volute to which the compressor is attached, a collecting funnel is installed at the outlet of the channel of the discharge branch pipe, made in the form of a truncated hollow cone , a storage hopper is installed at the bottom of the collecting funnel.

Images