RU2725742C1 - Internal combustion engine "normas" n20 - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the engine building. Two-stroke conrod-free internal combustion engine (ICE), the housing of which is assembled of modules with working stroke, modules with synchronization of rotation of line number of shafts per one power take-off shaft and modules with early extended expansion of exhaust gases, axial lines of the latter are located with camber angle 34°. Prefabricated structure is mounted with allowance for coordinate grid, on which is predetermined location of centers of circles of one diameter, located near one circle of larger diameter with single reference point on hollow shaft axis so that it is possible only between rows of these circles to conduct intersection of tangential lines, wherein axes of modules with working stroke and early extended extension, which are parallel to said tangential lines, intersect at angles 73°and 107°, and points located on axial centers of volumes of combustion chambers of cylinders together with point located on axial centers of shafts of modules with early extended expansion, form on coordinate grid figure of rectangular triangle with vertices in these points. At that, diameters of circles are equal to diameters of pistons, cylinders, diameters of side jaws arranged in intermodule partitions between pairs of which there are cranks arranged, and are also equal to diameters of circle of meshing gear teeth hollows, made with possibility to synchronously transmit torque moment to cylindrical idler gear, rotating hollow shaft with lower speed. Pistons are connected through piston pin with even or odd number of straight plates of same length, having the shape of double-tee profile with short but thickened shoulders, with perforated holes surface, central through hole and with lugs. Plates are connected via ball joints with appropriate semi-cylindrical prefabricated linkages, which, through the presence of guide trays arranged therein, where the introduced crank in the presence of forces is configured to perform limited back-and-forth movement; and air intake elements system includes bellows and built-in 3-way valves, which are located at the shaft through shaft center, bypass chambers of 3-way valves are formed by connection of internal cavity of air ducts with made holes in locking or adjusting element of valve, having spherical shape and possibility of synchronous rotation from coaxial connection with these shafts, as well as check valves, which are made with limited rotation of their gate. Piston is assembled, wherein piston bottom includes recess of two shaped holes for formation of flows, inner cavity of shell is reinforced with shaped perforated plates, arranged side cuts at angles, which are not acute to surface of barrel, cylinder covers contain reinforced figured perforated plates arranged with orientation of arrangement of side cuts of plates.EFFECT: technical result consists in increasing engine torque.1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The claimed engine design relates to the field of power engineering, namely to industrially applicable volumetric internal combustion engines (ICE), and with certain changes in the design, it is possible to transfer its work to compressor mode - a device for creating excess pressure of the working fluid or expander - a generating device for reduction pressure of the working fluid and obtaining power on the output shaft.

The closest to the claimed embodiment is structurally an internal combustion engine (AS No. 828780) containing at least one pair of cylinders with reciprocating pistons and a head in which there is one periodically communicating cylinder, a gas distribution valve of cylindrical shape, equipped with a common both cylinders with a combustion chamber and kinematically connected with the engine crankshaft, while in order to increase efficiency by ensuring continued expansion of the combustion products, the cylinders are made of different volumes, with a smaller cylinder equipped with air inlets and a larger cylinder with gas outlets, and the crankshaft crank smaller volume is shifted in the direction of advancing along the rotation of the crankshaft by 9-72 ° relative to the crank of the cylinder of a larger volume.

The disadvantages of the prototype are that with continued expansion in it, without changing the geometric parameters of the angles relative to the crank, it is not possible to very fully and fully realize the advantages of high-quality gas exchange and continued expansion at a more energy-efficient level.

The task that is implemented in the present invention predetermined the choice of a two-stroke internal combustion engine, where increased torque values are created not only during, but also after every second piston stroke, as well as with an increase in the active area of the introduced devices and high-quality gas exchange.

When developing a technical problem, the solution of which is aimed at constructive implementation of both the previous NORMAS engine variants with a priority starting from 10.25.2011, and the declared ICE version, in essence, is to expand the kinematic capabilities of the ICE, which suggest useful multifunctionality, so that to preserve clearly tuned thermodynamics of processes occurring in the internal combustion engine with an increase in the reliability of the structure, and to ensure the maximum possible torque on the hollow (tubular) power take-off shaft without using a gearbox 12.

Power is a rather arbitrary parameter that displays the useful work done by gases when expanding in the engine cylinders per unit of time minus the cost of overcoming the friction forces and to actuate the auxiliary mechanisms. If you try to explain simply, the torque is what actually drives the car forward, and the power is what this torque produces.

Torque is the most important effective dynamic indicator and characterizes the traction capabilities of the engine. Its value mainly depends on the average effective pressure of fuel combustion, the geometric values of the active area of the working bodies and the shoulder of the application of effort.

To simplify the explanation of the interactions of parts and elements included in the layered section, as well as to briefly describe the relationship, the location during assembly predetermined the introduction of the concept - a module, which is defined as useful and stable by a combination of similar properties in the design of ICEs. The invention with a schematic location of the elements of the internal combustion engine is easily explained using the presented graphic materials. But to begin with a brief description of the claimed device, for the purpose of understandable perception and for quick orientation of the location of parts on graphic materials, it is simply necessary to simplify and eliminate a lot of unnecessary repetitions and notation, taking the combined coordinate grid (attached to all ICE elements) as a basis for construction, and its the mirror part on the basis of which the prefabricated structure of the entire body is mounted (Fig. 2, 3 assembly).

Here in FIG. 1 together shows the stages of constructing the ICE synchronization module with the location of the conditional half (its right part) of the cylindrical gears 20, 27 on a common coordinate grid, including a single reference point 00, located on the central axis of the hollow power take-off shaft 12, from which two points are equidistant with radial rays the location of the axial centers of the shafts 01, which are located in the middle of the length of the smaller leg of the right triangle with the vertices at points 02 (right angle), 03, 04, and at the same time are the centers of circles of the same diameter, as well as the point 01 itself.

Moreover, points 02 and 03 are located in the axial centers of the volumes of the combustion chambers of the cylinders 16, and points 04 are the axial centers of the shaft of the modules with an early continued expansion, which are equipped with cranks 19. Also, a single axial center of the shaft of the modules with a stroke, indicated by point 05, is equipped with a crank 19. when the oppositely placed pistons 10 in the cylinders 16 are moved specularly with respect to each other or, as they say, with the opposite arrangement of the cylinders 16, at which the camber angle between the rows (axes) of the cylinders 16 is 180 °.

Although, based on the analogy, taking into account the specifics of geometric construction and calculation for a given location of tangent lines to a series of circles of the above diameter having the same diameter, as well as to the central circle centered at 00, the camber angle of cylinders 16 for modules with early continued expansion is 34 °. It is easy to calculate geometrically that the axes of the modules with a stroke and early continued expansion, which are also parallel to the above tangent lines, intersect at points 06 at angles 73 ° and 107 ° (180 ° -73 °).

Point 07 in FIG. 1 the axial centers of the intermediate (that is, not through-through for the device) shafts are indicated, where one pair is coaxially fixed (Fig. 5 - if, when calculating the strength, two-sided fastening of the shafts near the housing is necessary) from the set are cylindrical gears 27 of gearing, which sequentially transmit torque to the intermediate gear 20, also having the same gearing parameters and geometrical dimensions of the teeth, but the hollow shaft 12 itself rotating with a lower rotational speed.

In the center of the through shafts indicated by points 01, 08 and 09, there are 3-way valves 18, the bypass cavities of which are formed by connecting the internal cavity of the ducts 17 with holes in the locking or regulating body of the valve having a spherical shape.

We also note that, as was positioned above, for the purpose of understandable perception and quick orientation of the arrangement of parts on all the graphic materials presented, all designations of the axial centers of the shafts or designations of names exclude unnecessary repetitions. As an example, this is the designation of the cylinders 16, the bottom 11 (head) of the assembled pistons 10, which can be built into different functional modules and can sometimes have different shapes, but are introduced into the internal combustion engine for one purpose.

We agree that all the bottoms 11, including those in the prefabricated backstage 14, do not have significant differences, especially when selecting the material - there are many interchangeable, except, perhaps, the very form of construction. Although not only the thickness of the bottom 11 of the pistons 10, the surface shape of its bottom or the cover 21 of the cylinder 16 form the volume of the combustion chamber and determine the calculated compression ratio, but also other important thermodynamic parameters.

We will make a reservation right away that in this short description you will not find explanations regarding the location of technological samples (pockets) for fastening, joining, let's say the same intermodular partitions, and on graphic materials we will allow some gaps in places of movements or rotations of nodes and elements sometimes missing deliberately enlarged or depicted in a very simplified way, but on the whole the interaxal distances from each other are maintained everywhere, especially the centers of the circles that are deliberately highlighted, and the common points in FIG. 2 and 3 adjacent modules, but located on different figures, are marked with * - ** signs, since they are parts of a single whole. On a coordinate grid, where the diameters of the corresponding circles are tied by tangent lines, it is convenient to accurately detail the elements, assemblies and modules that are included in the internal combustion engine, which are still characterized by a small number of items that are included in the package, while in graphic materials it was possible to avoid drawing small details.

Incidentally, on the left side of FIG. 1, the diameter of the circles is deliberately depicted by a thickened line, although it is not difficult to notice that the diameters of the circles in FIG. 1-4, taking into account the finite scaling, are really equal to the diameters of the pistons 10, cylinders 16, the diameters of the side cheeks 15 located in the intermodule partitions and having a cylindrical shape, between the pairs of which the cranks 19 are placed, taking into account, of course, the manufacturing tolerances, and are also equal to the diameters the circumference of the cavities of the teeth of the gears gears 27 gears, which are made cylindrical with the possibility of synchronous rotation, the latter helps to understand the thermodynamic processes in the internal combustion engine on graphic materials occurring at a given time.

It will be found out below that the synchronous rotation of the shafts 01, 08 and 09 also ensures the operation of the air intake organs, by the way, the last phrase is not accidentally borrowed (taken) from the above phrase of the selected prototype, but is positioned together with the use of modern elements, materials, technologies focused only on achieving technical result.

And so that in the gas-piston or diesel engine version there should be a clear thermodynamic cycle with the calculated parameters, and the injection of the fuel mixture be extended in time relative to the angle of rotation of the hollow shaft 12, the caps 21 of the cylinders 16 are equipped with sockets 22 for placing nozzles in them, which are not accidentally shown on all covers 21 cylinders 16.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the moment of the end of the working stroke and graphically (arrows) it is noted how the loop purge of the cylinders 16 from the remnants of the combustion products occurs through the use of an air inlet system. Why the system - because in this case not only check valves 13 introduced into the system, but also components of the link 14, but in fact, pistons 10 of the air pump with lip seal of the cylinders, tubular air ducts 17 with intake windows and samples located along the perimeter of the cylinders 16, sections with the necessary bypass bypass ducts and volumes, air distribution valves or, if simplified, 3-way valves, the bypass cavities of which are formed by introducing into the inner cavity of the duct 17 with corresponding openings in the organs of the ball valves 18, made with the possibility of synchronous rotation from the coaxial connection with the shafts 01, 08 and 09, as well as the introduction into the system of bellows 23 for pressurization.

Although it is obvious that effective boost parameters are mainly achieved by increasing the density of the fresh charge of air entering the working volume of the modules with the stroke at lowering temperature, therefore, on the 3-way valve 18, which rotates synchronously from shaft 09, its position is not displayed - the options are here a lot, both with the bypass of the air in the bellows 23, and with the use of air cooling when supplied to the internal combustion engine.

In FIG. 2, 3, points 02 and 03 are actually located in the axial centers of the volumes of the combustion chambers of the cylinders 16, and the single axial center of the shaft of the modules with a stroke is indicated by point 05. Opposite pistons 10 with a connecting rod pin 26, which are even the number of straight plates 25, having the shape of an I-profile with shortened but thickened shoulders, with a perforated surface, a central through hole and eyelets 29, as well as the presence of spherical joints 24, made with the ability to make limited reciprocating movements in the cylinders 16. Assembled wings 14 always has the shape of a half-cylinder - this is dictated by the fact that a hemispherical shape is in many respects more preferable, optimal, industrial-technological considering the use of flat intermodular partitions (they are not shown in Figs. 2-4). It is also obvious that the technical result of the aforementioned movement is achieved by constructively placing two guide trays in the assembly wings 14, where the crank 19 has the ability to perform the same type of movement. And with large sizes, the crank 19 is equipped with a slider (in Fig. 3-10 it is not, so as not to be small), made with the ability to freely rotate relative to the axis of the crank 19 when transmitting forces by placing a rolling bearing race, by the way, the latter are usually located between the inner diameter of the eye 29 of the plate 25 and the diameter of the crank 19.

Similar signs are present in the description of module assemblies with early continued expansion, with only a slight difference, since at the same time on the piston pin 26 of the pistons 10 is located in the center - an odd number of plates 25, which on the claimed version of the ICE also (that is, all) have the same length between the centers of articulation. That is why an even number of plates 25 of the same length on the module with a stroke did not fall into the cut.

Based on the fact that the technical objective of the invention is also a method for improving the manufacturability and providing this option of the claimed ICE variant with a small number of entered items in the package and the absence of nodes with small parts - all this, as well as the above-mentioned identical sizes of pistons 10, plates 25, gears 27, parts of the backstage 14, side cheeks 15 forms useful functionality in the design and gives the elements of the internal combustion engine undeniable optimal manufacturability, both in their manufacture and during assembly.

Experimental and thermodynamic calculations showed that the full expansion of the working fluid until the direction of movement of the crank 19 changes during the ICE working stroke does not give the increase in work on the ICE indicator diagram, which can be achieved only due to the possibility of high-quality gas exchange, as well as well-debugged early continued expansion, which begins even before the pistons 10 in the stroke modules change their motion vector. In FIG. 4 graphically (arrows) shows the beginning of this process.

Yes, and you must agree, it is believed that the initial movement of the piston 10 free from bonds is initially provided exclusively by an explosive pulse and the ignition front of the combustible mixture, as well as by the laws of inertia during its further movement (like a billiard ball after an impact or an flying projectile), and the expansion of the burnt mixture itself it is always secondary and is rather a function of the geometric dimensions of the expansion cavities, as they say - it would be where and where to expand, while ensuring the unidirectionality of the motion vector and the useful relationship of ICE nodes.

In order to achieve a technical result on the issue of high-quality gas exchange, built-in 3-way valves 18, which are located on the center of the length of the through shafts with points 01, 08 and 09, the bypass cavities of which are formed by connecting the internal cavity of the air ducts 17 with holes in the locking or regulating body of the crane, having a spherical shape, with the possibility of synchronous rotation from coaxial connection with these shafts, but in fact, here is positioned the presence of a unifying direct and inverse relationship, which at a certain estimated moment of the position of the corresponding gears 27 carries out loop blowing or filling cylinders 16 with supercharged air, which undoubtedly suggests the presence in the invention of signs of promising gas exchange.

The second important factor in the increase in work (or the increase in area on the ICE indicator diagram) is certainly the early continued expansion of the exhaust gases breaking out of the cylinders 16, where the exhaust energy is generated during expander reduction, and this is the initial moment shown in FIG. 4, when the piston 10 has not yet changed its motion vectors, having passed only half of its working stroke.

It is clear that it is very difficult to maintain a well-functioning thermodynamics of the processes occurring in the internal combustion engine, while guaranteeing high-quality gas exchange with a stable ignition of the fuel-air mixture and a separate expansion process, especially observing the parameters of the exhaust process, since the measure of exhaust energy, sometimes destructive, is essentially the temperature of the exhaust .

The technical task as a whole, the solution of which is directed to the constructive implementation of the claimed version of the two-stroke two-stroke ICE, is essentially an extension of the kinematic capabilities of the ICE, which also includes the fact that the assembled housing of the declared ICE is assembled from modules with a stroke and with early continued expansion of exhaust gases, by the way, axial the lines of the latter are located with a camber angle of 34 °, as well as of modules with synchronized rotation of the row number of shafts per one hollow shaft 12 of the power take-off, while the prefabricated (mirror) ICE structure (Fig. 2, 3) is mounted taking into account the coordinate grid (Fig. 1 ), on which the location of the centers of circles of the same diameter, located near one circle of a larger diameter with a single reference point 00 on the axis of the hollow shaft 12 is predetermined so that it is possible only to intersect the tangent lines between the rows of these circles, while the axis of the modules with the stroke and the early continued expansion intersect at angles of 73 ° and 107 °, and points 02 and 03 located on the axial centers of the volumes of the combustion chambers of the cylinders 16 together with a point 04 located on the axial centers of the shafts of the modules with early continued expansion form a rectangular triangle with vertices at these points on the grid (moreover, the camber angle of the axes of the cylinders 16 in the modules is calculated with early continued expansion of 34 °); it is easy to see that the diameters of the circles are actually equal to the diameters of the pistons 10, cylinders 16, the diameters of the side cheeks 15, located in the intermodular partitions, between the pairs of which the cranks 19 are placed, taking into account, of course, the manufacturing tolerances, and are also equal to the diameters of the circumference of the tooth cavities gears 27 of gearing, made with the possibility of synchronously transmitting torque to the intermediate gear 20, which also has a cylindrical shape, the same gearing parameters and geometrical dimensions of the teeth, but the hollow shaft 12 rotates with a lower speed of rotation - this, in fact, is the technical result, which is achieved by connecting the pistons 10 through a piston pin 26 with an even or odd number of straight plates 25 of the same length, having the shape of an I-profile with shortened but thickened shoulders, a perforated (to reduce weight) surface, a central through hole and lugs 29; the plates 25, in turn, are connected by means of spherical joints 24 with the corresponding prefabricated backstage 14 of a semi-cylindrical shape, which, in turn, through the presence of placed guide trays in them, where the crank 19 also has the ability to make limited reciprocating movements ; and built-in 3-way valves 18 are introduced into the internal air intake system of the internal combustion engine 18, which are located on the center of the length of the through shafts indicated by points 01, 08 and 09, the bypass cavities of the 3-way valves 18 are formed by connecting the internal cavity of the air ducts 17 with holes in the locking or regulating body 3-way valve 18 having a spherical shape and with the possibility of synchronous rotation of 3-way valves 18 from coaxial connection with these shafts, as well as check valves 13 are made with the possibility of limited rotation of their gate.

Not wanting to associate himself with any theory, the inventors believe that in the design of all variants of the NORMAS ICE, they proceed from the assertion that any movement of the piston 10 in the cylinder 16 of the module with a stroke begins and occurs as a result solely from the presence of an initial pulse in the chamber combustion, and this is already enough (and even useful) for the piston 10 to pass its working stroke, even when the generated calculated exhaust gas flow is already in the module with early continued expansion and another piston 10 on the continuation of the initial pulse (well, if it it will also be protracted and with long burning, like in diesel engines) it will also pass its own, but this is the second working move in the direction of our efforts, and the inertia forces will only help here. As casually noted above, it would be where and where to expand, and this is similar to installing additional sails with a passing stream or strong prolonged gusts of wind to really increase the thrust and speed of the sailboat.

At the same time, any technical result is realized more fully when the declared internal combustion engine at the time of the beginning of the early continued expansion structurally provides for the formation of flows and, of course, the protection of the internal combustion engine assemblies from the sometimes destructive temperature of the exhaust that enters above the piston 10 (Fig. 4) located in TDC for flues (Fig. 2-4 they are not indicated) after a 3-way valve, coaxial with the shaft with a point 01.

Therefore, the piston 10 in the declared ICE is also essentially assembled, since in the bottom 11 of the piston 10 there is a sample of two profile holes 28 for forming flows, and the inner cavity of the glass is reinforced (contains) curly perforated plates located laterally at certain angles to the surface of the glass, depicted in FIG. 2-4 in order to reduce the temperature gradient during heat transfer (similar to the presence of a "slightly warm" side surface of plate heat exchangers operating in the high temperature range). For the most part, this was done when designing the caps 21 of the cylinders 16.

And the fact that on all the modules there are slots 22 for the nozzle is not an error, but a well-informed decision, right up to the transfer to the operating mode.

Parts included in the internal combustion engine can be obtained using generally accepted technologies of casting, machining, stamping, etc. Another part of the parts can be made of composite materials and fibers.

At the same time, the graphic materials provided and a brief description of the design of the NORMAS engine option No. 20 do not exhaust the essence of the invention and do not limit in any way possible options for its implementation, but only open up new possibilities in the scope of the claimed formula, and if any signs are disclosed for one layout of the invention, the same features can be used in combined layouts of the invention, since it fulfills the important condition that this ultimately does not contradict the meaning and spirit of the invention.

In this case, this is, for example, a useful integration of only one unit of the declared ICE as part of a vessel (tanker), where without shrinking the two shafts it is possible to kinematically synchronize with each other (Fig. 5), transmitting increased torque to the two propeller shafts, providing the invention promising industrial applications.

Claims (2)

1. Two-stroke rodless internal combustion engine (ICE), the casing of which is assembled from modules with a stroke, modules with synchronized rotation of an in-line number of shafts per one power take-off shaft and modules with early continued expansion of exhaust gases characterized in that the prefabricated housing of the declared ICE is assembled from modules with a stroke, modules and with an early continued expansion of exhaust gases, by the way, the axial lines of the latter are located with a camber angle of 34 °, as well as modules for synchronizing the rotation of an in-line number of shafts onto one hollow power take-off shaft, while its prefabricated design is mounted taking into account the coordinate a grid on which the location of the centers of circles of the same diameter, located near one circle of larger diameter with a single reference point on the axis of the hollow shaft, is determined so that it is possible only to intersect the tangent lines between the rows of these circles, while the axis of the modules with a stroke and early continued expansion which are parallel to this to the tangent lines intersect at angles of 73 ° and 107 °, and the points located on the axial centers of the volumes of the combustion chambers of the cylinders, together with the point located on the axial centers of the shaft of the modules with early continued expansion, form on the coordinate grid a figure of a right triangle with the vertices in these points; it is easy to see that the diameters of the circles are really equal to the diameters of the pistons, cylinders, the diameters of the side cheeks located in the intermodular partitions, between the pairs of which the cranks are placed, taking into account, of course, the manufacturing tolerances, as well as the diameters of the circumferences of the cavities of the teeth of the gearing gears made with the ability to synchronously transmit torque to the intermediate gear, which also has a cylindrical shape, the same gearing parameters and geometrical dimensions of the teeth, but the hollow shaft itself rotates with a lower speed of rotation - this, in fact, is the technical result that is achieved by connecting the pistons through the piston finger with an even or odd number of straight plates of the same length, having the shape of an I-profile with shortened but thickened shoulders, with a perforated surface, a central through hole and eyelets; the plates, in turn, are connected through spherical joints with the corresponding prefabricated backstage of a semi-cylindrical shape, which through the presence of placed guide trays in them, where the inserted crank is made with the possibility of making limited reciprocating movements; and bellows are introduced into the system of air inlet bodies, which accumulate and supply pressurized air volumes and 3-way valves are installed, which are located at the center of the length of the through shafts, bypass cavities of 3-way valves are formed by connecting the internal cavity of the air ducts with the holes in the locking or regulating body a crane having a spherical shape and the possibility of synchronous rotation from coaxial connection with these shafts, as well as check valves, which are made with the restriction of rotation of their gate; the piston in the claimed embodiment of the internal combustion engine is also prefabricated, while the piston bottom includes a selection of two profile openings for forming flows, the inner cavity of the cup is reinforced with curly perforated plates located at side angles that are not sharp to the surface of the cup in order to reduce the temperature gradient during heat transfer , cylinder covers also contain reinforced curly perforated plates made with the orientation of the location of the side sections of the plates. 2. ICE under item 1, characterized in that the parts included in the ICE can be obtained using generally accepted technologies of casting, machining, stamping, and some of the details can be made of the estimated number of bilateral layers of paired and fixed perforated plates from lightweight composite materials and heat-resistant fibers by the method of joint sintering; nozzle sockets located on modules with early continued expansion after additional introduction and integration into two rows (tiers) of 3-way valves on the respective shafts, can be used when these cylinders and pistons operate in the operating mode of the modules.

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