RU2724337C1 - System for separation of structural elements - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: astronautics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aerospace engineering, particularly, to separation systems. System for separation of structural elements includes power assemblies of frames fixing frames of separated structures, pyro nodes for unlocking of power units and movable frame. Frame is made with spring-loaded fixtures of end position and floating spherical sliding bearings. There are also traction rods connecting the movable frame with opposite parts of fixing levers, nut with tightening bolt and cylindrical shifted spring-loaded piston.

EFFECT: reduced aerodynamic resistance.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems for dumping or separating objects, mainly stages of missiles, compartments, fairings, protective shields and payloads from the supporting structures of the aircraft, in any parts of the flight path, and can be used in the field of aviation and rocket technology.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a separation system - patent RU 2577157, application No. 2013119889/11 of 04.29.2013, containing power units in the form of two power elements, covering frames of the structures to be separated, ensuring the direction of the load vector through neutral axles of frames of separable structures, mating surfaces made in the end planes of frames, a bandage in the form of a rope of twisted wires, pyro-nodes for fixing power attachment points, pushers of the compartment.

The common essential features of the prototype - separation system that coincide with the essential features of the proposed device are the following: the joint contains the power attachment points of the frames of the structures to be separated, the mating surfaces made in the end planes of the frames, the pyro-nodes of the fixation of the power attachment points and the pusher of the compartment.

A disadvantage of the known joint prototype is that this separation system does not provide the possibility of fastening structural elements without exceeding the dimensions of the outer contour of the frames, and thus does not reduce the aerodynamic drag of the structure during flight in the atmosphere. The used bandage does not allow the separation system to be used in a large temperature range due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the frames of the structures to be separated and the tightening rope, as well as due to the close arrangement of the pyroelectric nodes to the theoretical contour of the product. When the temperature of the structure changes in one direction of temperature increase, the tightening rope loosens and the tightening force of the junction of the frames of the structures to be separated decreases, in the other, the rope tension increases and its safety factor decreases.

The present invention is a system of separation of structural elements allows to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the structure when flying in the atmosphere and to ensure operability in a large temperature range. The operating temperature at which the system of separation of structural elements maintains its operability is limited only by the operating temperatures of the materials from which its elements are made.

To achieve the named technical result, in the system of separation of structural elements there are: power attachment points of the frames of the structures to be separated, mating surfaces made in the end planes of the frames, pyro nodes of fixation of the power attachment points and the pusher of the compartment, the power attachment points of the frames contain resistant thrust on the frame of one of the shared structures shelves distributed around the periphery of the frame and fixing levers mounted on the frame of another of the shared structures mounted on the pivot axes, with the possibility of abutment when rotating on the pivot axes of one of the ends of the locking lever on the supporting flanges of the frame of the opposite detachable part of the structure, as well as a movable frame, equipped with floating spherical plain bearings, mounted on guides through the holes of the inner rings of floating spherical plain bearings, with the possibility of moving along the guides in the direction perpendicular to the felling plane of the frames, the spring-loaded end position fixators located on the movable frame, made in the form of a rocking chair mounted on the pivot axes, with the possibility of stop when rotating on the pivot axis of the rocker edge into the protrusion on the frame, when moving the movable frame to the extreme position, rods connecting the movable a frame with opposite parts of the locking levers, made with the possibility of adjusting their length, a nut with a tightening bolt, with the stop bolt head resting on the movable frame, and pressing the frames on the mating surfaces when moving the movable frame during bolt tightening, while the ring has an annular body a groove with a conical side wall located on the opposite side to the direction of bolt tightening, the thrust part of the head of the tightening bolt is made in the form of separate crackers, partially immersed in the groove of the body of the tightening bolt, having the shape of the immersed part, identical to the shape of the groove of the body of the tightening bolt, and cylindrical a movable spring-loaded piston placed above individual crackers, and the pyroelectric release unit of the power attachment points is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a housing that is movable relative to the body of the tightening bolt, mounted on a movable frame and covering the movable spring-loaded piston.

A distinctive feature of the proposed system of separation of structural elements is that the power of the mounting frames of the frames contain made on the frame of one of the shared structures thrust shelves distributed around the periphery of the frame, and made on the frame of another of the shared structures fixing levers mounted on the axes of rotation, with the possibility of emphasis when one of the ends of the locking lever rotates on the axle of rotation on the support flanges of the frame of the opposite detachable part of the structure, as well as a movable frame equipped with floating spherical plain bearings mounted on guides through the holes of the inner rings of floating spherical plain bearings, with the possibility of moving along the guides, in the direction perpendicular to the attachment plane of the frames, spring-loaded end position latches located on the movable frame, made in the form of rocking chairs mounted on the rotation axes, with the possibility of stop when rotating on the axes of rotation of the edge of the rocking chair into the protrusion on the frame, when moving the movable frame to the extreme position, rods connecting the movable frame with the opposite parts of the locking levers, made with the possibility of adjusting their length, a nut with a tightening bolt, with an emphasis on the head of the tightening bolt in the movable frame, and by pressing the frames along the mating surfaces when moving the movable frame during bolt tightening, while in the body of the bolt there is an annular groove with a conical side wall located on the side opposite to the direction of bolt tightening, the thrust part of the head of the tightening bolt is made in the form of separate crackers partially immersed in the groove of the body of the tightening bolt, having the shape of an immersed part, identical to the shape of the groove of the body of the tightening bolt, and a cylindrical movable spring-loaded piston placed above individual crackers, and the pyroelectric unit for fixing the power attachment points is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a movable relative to the body of the tightening bolt housing mounted on a movable frame and covering a movable spring-loaded piston.

Due to the presence of these distinctive features, in combination with the known ones, the following is achieved: this scheme allows to reduce the aerodynamic drag and kinetic heating of structural elements assembled and after separation during flight in the atmosphere. The operating temperature at which the system of separation of structural elements maintains its operability is limited only by the operating temperatures of the materials from which its elements are made.

This technical solution can be used as a docking unit for missile stages, compartments, fairings, protective shields and payloads that must be separated during the flight.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 ... 5.

In FIG. 1 is a rear view of a structural element separation system.

In FIG. 2, sec. AA (Fig. 1), a system for separating structural elements in a holding position is shown.

In FIG. 3, sec. B-B (Fig. 1), presents the power node in the holding position.

In FIG. 4, sec. BB (FIG. 1), a latch for the end position of the movable frame is shown.

In FIG. 5, the remote element G (Fig. 2), presents a power bolt.

The structural separation system shown in FIG. 1 ... 5 works as follows:

The separation system contains the mating surfaces 1 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3), made in the end planes of the frames 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) and 3 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), pyro nodes 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) of the power attachment points, the pusher of the compartment 5 (Fig. 1), made on the frame 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) of one of the shared structures thrust shelves 6 (Fig. 3), distributed along the periphery of the frame 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3), and, made on the frame 3 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) of another of the shared structures, the locking levers 7 (Fig. 3) mounted on the rotation axes 8 (Fig. 3), with the possibility of abutment during rotation on the pivot axis 8 (Fig. 3) of one of the ends of the locking lever 7 (Fig. 3) on the stop flanges 6 (Fig. 3) of the frame 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3 ) of the opposite detachable part of the structure, as well as a movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), equipped with floating spherical plain bearings 10 (Fig. 2), mounted on guides 11 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) through the holes inside friction rings of floating spherical plain bearings 10 (FIG. 2), with the possibility of moving along the guides 11 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), in the direction perpendicular to the mating plane 1 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) of the frames 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) and 3 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) located on the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) spring-loaded clamps of the final position 12 (Fig. 1, Fig. 4), made in in the form of a rocking chair mounted on the pivot axes, with the possibility of abutment during rotation on the pivot axes of the edge of the rocking arm into a protrusion 13 (Fig. 4) on the frame 3 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), when moving the movable frame 9 ( . 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) to the extreme position, rods 14 (Fig. 3) connecting the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) with the opposite parts of the locking levers 7 (Fig. 3), made with the possibility of regulating their length, a nut 15 (Fig. 2) with a tightening bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5), with an emphasis on the head of the tightening bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5) into the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), and pressing the frames 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) , 3 (Fig. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4) along the mating surfaces 1 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) when moving the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) during the tightening of the bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5 ), while in the body of the bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5) an annular groove 17 (Fig. 5) is made with a conical side wall located on the side opposite to the direction of tightening of the bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5), the persistent part of the head of the tightening bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5) is made in the form of separate crackers 18 (Fig. 5), partially immersed in the groove 17 (Fig. 5) of the body of the tightening bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5) having the shape of the submerged part, identical to the shape of the groove 17 (Fig. 5) of the body of the tightening bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5), and a cylindrical movable spring-loaded piston 19 (Fig. 5), placed above the individual crackers 18 (Fig. 5 ), and the release pyro-node 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) of the power attachment points is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a housing that is movable relative to the body of the tightening bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5), mounted on a movable frame 9 (f ig. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4) and covering the movable spring-loaded piston 19 (Fig. 5).

The separation system operates as follows: when an electrical signal is applied to the release pyroelectric 4 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2), an overpressure occurs at which the spring-loaded piston 19 (FIG. 5) moves in the direction of tightening of the tightening bolt 16 (FIG. 2, FIG. .5), releasing individual crackers 18 (Fig. 5), which, moving along the conical side wall of the annular groove 17 (Fig. 5) in the radial direction, release the tightening bolt 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5), allowing the release pyroelectric 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) move together with the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) along the guides 11 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), while the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) through the rods 14 (Fig. 3) turns the locking levers 7 (Fig. 3), thereby releasing the frames 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) and 3 (FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4) out of engagement. In the final position of the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), the rockers of the end position 12 clamps (Fig. 1, Fig. 4) under the influence of torsion springs move against the protrusions 13 (Fig. .4) on the frame 3 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), thereby fixing the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), after which the pusher compartment 5 (Fig. 1), which carries the frames 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) and 3 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) from each other. For uniform thermal expansion, all structural elements can be made of the same material. The connection of the frames 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) and 3 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) of the shared structures is ensured by the locking levers 7 (Fig. 3), which in turn are connected to a rigid movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) through adjustable rods 14 (Fig. 3). The movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) is mounted on the guides 11 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). To prevent jamming, the connection of the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) and the guides 11 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is carried out through floating spherical plain bearings 10 (Fig. 2). Adjustable traction 14 (Fig. 3), and a floating locking circuit of the movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) are necessary to compensate for inaccuracies in the execution of structural elements in the manufacture. The principle of fixation, based on an internal rigid movable frame 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), allows you to hold structural elements, the connection of which forms a closed loop of arbitrary shape. The system of separation of structural elements is located inside one of the shared objects and after separation does not reduce its aerodynamic characteristics. Unlocking pyro nodes 4 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2), which are part of the structural element separation system, are located directly on the movable frame 9 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4), thereby they can be protected from temperature effects.

Claims (2)

1. The system of separation of structural elements, including power attachment points of the frames of the divided structures, mating surfaces made in the end planes of the frames, pyro nodes of the release of the power attachment points and the pusher of the compartment, characterized in that the power attachment points of the frames contain resistant on the frame of one of the shared structures shelves distributed around the periphery of the frame and fixing levers mounted on the frame of another of the shared structures mounted on the pivot axes, with the possibility of abutment when rotating on the pivot axes of one of the ends of the locking lever on the supporting flanges of the frame of the opposite detachable part of the structure, as well as a movable frame, mounted on guides through windows made in the movable frame, with the possibility of moving along the guides, in a direction perpendicular to the mounting plane of the frames, spring-loaded end position locks arranged on the movable frame, made in the form of a rocking chair mounted on the pivot axes, with the possibility of an emphasis upon rotation on the pivot axis, the edges of the rocking chair into a protrusion on the frame, when moving the movable frame to the extreme position, rods connecting the movable frame with opposite parts of the locking levers, made with the possibility of adjusting their length, a nut with a tightening bolt, with the head of the tightening bolt resting on the movable frame and pressing the frames along the attachment surfaces when moving the movable frame while tightening the bolt, while an annular groove is made in the body of the bolt with a conical side wall located on the side opposite to the direction of bolt tightening, the persistent part of the head of the tightening bolt is made in the form of separate crackers, partially immersed in the groove of the body of the tightening bolt, having the shape of the immersed part identical to the shape of the groove of the body of the tightening bolt, and a cylindrical spring-loaded piston placed above the individual crackers, and the pyroelectric unit for fixing the power units was fastened The unit is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a housing movable relative to the body of the tightening bolt, mounted on a movable frame and covering the movable spring-loaded piston. 2. The system of separation of structural elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable frame is provided with floating spherical plain bearings, and the holes in the inner rings of floating spherical plain bearings are windows in the movable frame to move along the guides.

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