RU2702770C1 - Deflector duckfoot - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, namely, to working tools of cultivators. Deflector duckfoot has a post, a pointed ploughshare with a crushing angle and a deflector installed above it, which is made with possibility of movement along the post and rotation in the vertical plane. Said deflector is shaped to lobed triangular shape with end part bent down along its entire width for 40…45 mm at an angle of up to 20° and is toothed. Support from a duck plow to a deflector is made in cross section in form of a right triangle.EFFECT: higher quality of soil crumbling and surface leveling, creation of small-clod structure, reduced clogging of rack, increased efficiency.1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to the working bodies of cultivators.

State of the art

Known paw of a cultivator, consisting of a rack, two blades that are inserted into the grooves of the paws and bolted to the base of the paws. (see Patent RU 139150, Lancet paw of a cultivator / Lebedev A.T., Ochinsky V.V., Maryin N.A. et al., published on 04/10/2014)

The disadvantages of such a lancet paw should be considered:

- in the process, the blade blade is pulsed multidirectional effect, so the installation of the blade in the grooves and fastening them with small diameter bolts is not reliable enough;

- the presence of a paw with grooves and a crumbling angle increases the frontal sectional area, which leads to an increase in traction resistance;

- Complicated paw construction.

Known two-tier lancet paw of the cultivator. It includes lancet plowshares located in two tiers, mounted on one rack, with the upper lancet plowshift shifted back relative to the lower lancet ploughshare. Shoulder plowshare cultivating, with a crushing angle α = 28 °, the working width of the lower lancet ploughshare 270 mm, the upper 330 mm (see N.I. Klenin, V.A. Sakun. Agricultural and land reclamation machines - M. KolosS, 1994. - p. 189 ... 190).

The following should be noted as disadvantages. It can only be used on ridge crops. Due to the large angle of crumbling and installation of the upper lancet share, the soil during operation is strongly discarded, crests are formed, and therefore a two-tier lancet paw works at a limited speed. Cropped weeds hang on the rack, especially between the lower and upper lancet shares.

The closest to the claimed technical solution for the totality of existing signs is the deflector paw adopted by the authors for the prototype (patent US 303780 A, CL AB 17/00, publ. 04/19/1994)

It includes a stand, a pointed share mounted on it with a dyeing angle, a plastic share (deflector) located above it with the possibility of rotation in the vertical plane and moving along the rack "up and down", of various shapes.

The following can be noted as disadvantages.

- The deflector is flat over the entire area. The soil thrown by the lancet paw hits the deflector. Part of it returns to the processing zone, and part since the flat deflector slides along it and is scattered outside the processing zone. There are no restrictions on the ends of the deflector.

- The rack is made in a rectangular section, so the plant residues, due to the symmetry of the rack, can hang on it, destabilizing the soil cultivation process.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is to increase productivity, ensure a level surface, reduce clogging of the rack by plant residues and cut weeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the deflector lancet paw, including a rack, a lancet share with a tilting angle, a deflector mounted above the lancet share, having the ability to move around the rack and rotate in a vertical plane, wherein the deflector is made of a triangular lancet with an end portion bent downward along the entire width of 40 ... 45 mm at an angle of up to 20 °, and is gear, while the rack from the lancet share to the deflector is made in cross section in the form of a right triangle.

A brief description of the drawings and other materials.

In FIG. 1 - deflector lancet paw, side view;

In FIG. 2 - deflector, lancet paw top view;

In FIG. 3 - Scheme of the accumulation of vegetation on the rack;

In FIG. 4 - Scheme of interaction of the rack with vegetation;

In FIG. 5 is a diagram of dropping vegetation from a rack;

In FIG. 6 is a view of the surface when using a lancet paw;

In FIG. 7 is a view of the surface when working with a pointed paw with a deflector

The implementation of the invention

The deflector lancet paw of the cultivator (Fig. 1) includes a rack 1 to which a lancet share 2 is fixed having a dyeing angle α. Above it is installed deflector 3 in the form of a triangle (Fig 2). The end part 4 of the triangle is bent downward, made toothed. The width of the bent part is 4, 40 ... 45 mm, at an angle of up to 20 °. Installation of the deflector 3 above the blade of the pointed share “h _n ”. This height correlates with the throwing height of the soil trimmed by the lancet share 2

where V is the speed of the working movement of the cultivator, m / s;

f is the coefficient of friction of the soil on the surface of the share;

At V = 9 km / h (2.5 m / s) f = 0.4;

The movement of the deflector 3 up-down is carried out using the holder 5.

от лезвия стрельчатого лемеха 2. Следовательно, h₀ - глубина обработки почвы, м. Например, при глубине обработки h₀=0,08 м. высота установки дефлектора 3h_н=1,5h₀=0,12 м.To accept the impact energy, the installation height of the deflector 3 must not exceed

from the blade of the lancet share 2. Therefore, h ₀ is the depth of tillage, m. For example, when the depth of cultivation is h ₀ = 0.08 m, the installation height of the deflector is 3h _n = 1.5h ₀ = 0.12 m.

The angle of inclination of the end part 4 to the vertical plane δ:

δ <ϕ,

where ϕ is the angle of friction of the soil on the steel surface:

Принимаем

At ϕ = 22 °;

Accept

The length of the bent end part 4 of the deflector is determined based on the equality:

where F _n - the effort to move the soil along the deflector 3, N;

- расстояние перемещения почвы по дефлектору 3, после стойки 1 м;

- the distance of movement of the soil on the deflector 3, after the rack 1 m;

- ширина отогнутой концевой части 4 дефлектора 3, м;

- the width of the bent end part 4 of the deflector 3, m;

From here:

F _Tr = F _p ⋅f;

At

Width of bent end 4:

Take the width of the bent end part of the deflector 3 - 40 ... 45 mm. Based on the fact that when processing the soil up to 80% of the lumps should be up to 20 mm in size, the gear end part 6 is made with distances between the teeth equal to 20 mm.

The triangular shape of the rack 1 provides a reduction in the hanging of plant residues on it (Fig. 3; 5). On a rack 1 of a rectangular section, the vegetation freezes (Fig. 4). From the rack 1 of a triangular section, it mostly comes off.

When moving the soil through the deflector 3, a bent end part 4 of the deflector 3 is located in its path. It dampens the soil flow. (Fig. 3)

Energy discarding undercut soil W ₀ consumed energy hitting the soil deflector 3W _y and the energy for moving soil along the deflector 3W _n.

Impact energy: W _y = W ₀ cos β:

Drop Energy:

where β is the installation angle of the deflector 3 to the horizontal plane, deg;

m is the mass of discarded soil, kg

The mass of the discarded soil:

where S is the area of the share 2, m ² ;

h ₀ - depth of tillage, m;

ρ is the volumetric mass of the soil, kg / m ³ ;

γ is the half angle of the blade share share 2, deg.

When S _l = 0.02m ² ; h ₀ = 0.08 m; ρ = 1000 kg / m ³ ; γ = 30 °;

From here:

The energy used to move the soil along deflector 3:

W _u = W ₀ -W _y ;

W _y = W ₀ ⋅cosβ = 6.0⋅0.93 = 5.5 J;

Therefore: W _u = 6.0-5.5 = 0.5 J;

Thus, most of the energy goes to the impact of the soil on the deflector 3.

The technological process of tillage is as follows.

In the process of cultivator operation, the lancet paw throws up the soil, forming an uneven surface (Fig. 6.) Due to the crumbling angle and the lancet shape, the soil is thrown upward, where it hits the deflector 3. Most of the energy goes to the impact and part to move the soil along of the deflector 3. In the end part 4 of the deflector 3, the movement of the soil is suppressed by the bent back end part 4 of the deflector 3. The soil returns to the surface, closing the groove formed by the lancet share 2 and leveling the surface. Toothed end part 6 crushes the soil, bringing it to a finely lumpy structure (Fig. 7).

A level surface is created, which eliminates the use of rollers, thereby reducing the cultivator's material consumption and fuel consumption. Cultivator productivity is increased by 50%.

Claims (1)

A deflector lancet paw containing a strut, a lancet ploughshare with a tilting angle, a deflector mounted above it, made to move around the rack and rotate in a vertical plane, characterized in that the deflector is lancet triangular in shape with an end portion bent downward over the entire width of 40 ... 45 mm at an angle of up to 20 ° and is gear, while the rack from the lancet share to the deflector is made in cross section in the form of a rectangular triangle.

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