RU2623481C1 - Two-level tillage duckfoot shovel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: two-level tillage duckfoot shovel contains cutting parts fixed on its rack and arranged one above the other. The upper part is a ploughshare made in the form of isosceles triangle for cutting aerial parts of weeds and soil surface levelling. The upper cutting part has a curved tip in its front part, the upper part of which is made on Mobius surface, and spring teeth along its rear part. The lower cutting part is made in the form of a tillage duckfoot ploughshare equipped with a tip attached to its toe. The toe of the lower duckfoot ploughshare is shifted back from 60 to 70 mm relative to the toe of the upper ploughshare. The upper and lower ploughshares are sharpened, the upper ploughshare having smaller thickness. The upper ploughshare has the blade opening angle of 60°, and the lower one - 70°. The upper ploughshare is made with the possibility to move up and down the rack.

EFFECT: creation of a levelled surface without furrows and ensuring stable processing depth.

4 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in tillage machines, especially with pre-sowing and inter-row tillage.

State of the art

Known working body of the cultivator, containing the rack and mounted on it a lancet share (Patent RU 100695, IPC ⁹ A01B 21/04. The working body of the cultivator, 12/27/2010). The working body of the cultivator, containing the stand and a lancet paw fixed on it, a blade made in the form of a freely mounted on the axis with the ability to adjust the angular position relative to the direction of movement of the disk, as well as a bracket, characterized in that the disk is mounted on an additional rack, consisting of two parts interconnected by round plates with slots, and the plates are installed perpendicular to the additional rack, symmetrically with respect to its center, and radial holes are made on the disk zi equally spaced.

The disadvantage is that after the passage of such a working body, moist soil is brought to the day surface, the bottom of the groove behind the ploughshare is exposed, which leads to additional energy and growth of evaporated soil moisture.

Known lancet tillage legs that are mounted on cultivators of the KPS - 4 type. They have a cutting angle of 18 ° and a working width of 270 ... 330 mm (Kholansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: Kolos, 2006, with 73 ... 75).

Depth of processing is supported by copy wheels. However, due to the fact that they are located at a distance from the lancet paws, it is impossible to achieve high stability of their course. The presence of a crumbling angle and racks cutting the topsoil lead to spreading, removal of moist soil behind the racks, and the formation of grooves. Their depth and width increases with increasing speed of the working movement of the cultivator. It creates a low-tech background for sowing.

Known energy-saving lancet paw, including lancet ploughshare, the cutting part of which is made in the form of a flat knife, a rack, to which a curved narral is fixed (Patent RU 142731, IPC ⁹ A01B 21/04, Rudenko N.E., Padaltsin K.D. / Energy-saving lancet paw, published on 06.27.2014). An energy-saving lancet paw, including a lancet share, a rack with a mouthpiece, characterized in that the lancet share is made in the form of a flat lancet knife, while a plate with a stand is mounted on top of it, to which a curvilinear shape is fixed. The ram covers the vertical plane beyond the limits of a flat lancet knife, while the lower part of the narral is sharpened, and the upper part is connected to the rack by means of a hook. It has two main disadvantages.

Firstly, the stand forms a groove, exposing the bottom, the evenness is violated. All this contributes to the evaporation of soil moisture.

Secondly, in order to maintain a stable depth of processing, a copying organ is additionally required, which is usually used as a roller (wheel).

Disclosure of invention

The technical result, which can be achieved using the present invention, is reduced to creating a surface smooth without grooves and ensuring a stable processing depth. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the two-tier soil cultivating lancet paw, characterized in that it contains cutting parts located one above the other, mounted on the paw stand, the upper cutting part being a ploughshare for cutting the aerial part of the weeds and leveling the soil surface and is made in the form of an isosceles triangle having a curvilinear mouth in front, the upper part of which is made along the Moebius surface, and spring teeth along the rear part, and the lower p zhuschaya part is designed as a tilling lancet coulter equipped fixed at its toe tip, wherein the lancet coulter sock bottom set back from 60 to 70 mm with respect to the sock upper coulter upper and lower coulter sharpened, the upper ploughshare has a smaller thickness. The upper and lower shares have a blade angle of 60 ° and 70 °, respectively. The upper share is made with the possibility of moving up and down the rack.

A brief description of the drawings and other materials.

In FIG. 1 - Dana two-tier soil cultivating lancet paw, side view.

In FIG. 2 - The same, top view.

In FIG. 3 - The same general view.

In FIG. 4 - The same, the scheme of the cultivated soil.

In FIG. 5 - Table, technological operations performed by lancet tillage paws.

The implementation of the invention

The two-tier soil-cultivating lancet paw represents cutting parts located one above the other in the form of plowshares fixed on a rack (Fig. 1, 2). In the upper share 1, made in the form of an isosceles triangle, a notch 2 is made, the bent parts 3.4 of which are fixed on the stand 5. In front of the upper share 1, there is a curved bushing 6. Under the upper share 1 there is a lower cutting part made in the form of a cultivating lancet share 7 fixed to the end of the rack 5. The upper part 8 of the curved narralnik 6 is made on the surface of the Moebius. A tip 9 with a downward curved beak 10 is attached to the toe of the lower share 7, the toe of the lower lancet share 7 is shifted backward from 60 to 70 mm, relative to the toe of the upper share 1. Spring teeth 11 are installed along the back of the upper share 1, with a diameter of 8 mm. The teeth can be rotated by changing the depth of tillage.

The distance between the upper and lower shares 1.7 is equal to the depth of tillage h. This value can be changed by raising or lowering the upper share 1. Both shares 1.7 are sharpened. The upper share 1 is made with the possibility of moving up and down the rack 5.

Determine the necessary parameters.

The width of the plowshares 1.7:

found using the following relationship:

B = n⋅b _l - (n-1) b _p .

From here:

where _l b - width of the coulter 1.7, m;

In - the width of the capture machine, which set the two-tier lancet paws, m;

n is the number of paws on the machine, pcs .;

b _p - overlap between shares, m

At B = 6.0 m; n is 18; b _p = 0.03 m:

The angle of the blade shares

In order for vegetation and soil to move along the upper share 1, the following condition must be met [Klenin N.I., Sakun V.A. Agricultural and reclamation machines - M .: Kolos, 1994, p. 145 ... 146].

where ϕ _p , ϕ _p - the friction angles of vegetation and soil along the steel surface of ploughshare 1, deg.

The upper share 1 carries out the cutting of vegetation, therefore:

When ϕ _p = 26 °; γ _in ≤ (90-26) / 2≤32 °.

We take γ _in = 30 °; 2γ _at = 60 °.

The lower share 7 interacts with the soil, ϕ _in = 20 °.

γ _H ≤ (90-20) / 2≤35 °.

We take γ _n = 35 °; 2γ _n = 70 °.

The offset of the toe of the lower share 7 relative to the toe of the upper share 1 horizontally.

The lower share 7 should be shifted back so that the longitudinal deformation from it does not go forward beyond the upper share 1.

Based on this: l≥h _max tg (ϕ _in + ϕ _p ).

where h _max - the maximum possible depth of the lower share 7 (depth of tillage), m

ϕ _p - the angle of internal friction of the soil, deg.

When ϕ _in = 20 °, ϕ _p = 25 °, h _max = 60 mm:

l≥60⋅tg45 ° = 60⋅1.0≥60 mm.

Take l = 60 ... 70 mm.

Based on the design solutions, the thickness of the upper share 1 working with vegetation is 3 mm. The lower share 7 is made of equal strength, the cross section of which increases from 3 mm in the sharpening zone to 6 mm in the back [Utility Model Patent No. 156067 of the Russian Federation, A01B 35/26 “Arrow-cultivating tillering foot” / N.E. Rudenko, S.P. Gorbachev, D.S. Kalugin, I.A. Nosov (Russia) - No. 2015128864; declared 07/15/2015: publ. 10/27/15. Bull. No. 30].

Define the holding capacity of the upper share 1, which is determined by the reaction of the soil:

F _P = k _in S, N,

where k _in - resistivity of the upper soil layer, N / m ² ;

S is the area of the upper share 1, m ² .

The area of the upper share 1 is determined by the formula:

When b _l = 360 mm, γ _in = 30 °:

Then: F _p = 20000⋅0.056 = 1120 N.

The force with which the upper share 1 presses on the soil:

where m is the mass of the lancet paw and part of the section, kg;

a is the width of the narralik, m;

K _n - resistivity of the lower soil layer, N / m ² ;

ρ - bulk density of the soil, kg / m ³ .

When m = 28 kg; α = 0.020 m; h = 0.06 m; k _n = 30000 N / m ² ; ρ = 1000 kg / m ³ ; S = 0.056m ² :

Therefore, F _D <F _n and the upper share 1 will freely move along the surface of the soil, not diving into it.

Justification of the parameters of the narrator 6.

The installation angle of the lower part of the narralik 6 to the horizontal plane β. It is determined by the angle of friction ϕ _{p of the} vegetation along the steel surface of the narralik 6:

β≤ϕ _p .

At ϕ _p = 26, β = 26 °.

The lower part of the mouthpiece 6, before attaching it to the stand 5, is made curved: approach at 26 ° to the horizontal, exit to the stand at 90 °. Next, the narralik 6 is made on the surface of the Moebius. This provides a discharge from the stand 5 of the raised vegetation. The Mobius strip is used because it is flat, without curvature and depressions, which allows vegetation to move freely along it. The height of the mouth 6 "α" can be determined on the basis of the equality of the kinetic and potential energy when raising the plant mass.

where V is the speed of the working movement of the cultivator, m / s.

From here:

At V = 3 m / s

Accept α = 0.23 m.

The technological process of the two-tier tillage lancet paws (Fig. 3) is as follows.

In the process of movement, the lower share 7 is buried in the soil at a set depth h. The upper share 1 by the reaction of the soil is kept on the surface. He cuts off the aerial part of the weeds, which, falling on the curved bark 6, is thrown off it from the stand 5, the surface is leveled. The lower share 7 cuts the root system of weeds. The tip 9 contributes to the penetration into the soil and easily changes after wear to a new tip 9. The beak 10 makes a soil excavation, which prevents excessive abrasion and clogging of the head of the bolts attaching the lower share 7 to the rack 5. The subsurface part of the rack 5 acts on the soil and in conjunction with spring teeth 11 crumbles it, forming a fuzzy layer (Fig. 4).

The criterion of manufacturability of CT paws is determined.

The criterion of manufacturability of working bodies, devices and machines is estimated by the share of operations that are performed in accordance with agrotechnical requirements:

where n _with - the number of operations performed in accordance with agricultural requirements;

n ₀ is the total number of operations performed by the working body (machine).

As can be seen from the table (see Fig. 5), the proposed tillage lancet paw provides a process factor K _T = 1.0, while the existing paw only K _T = 0.4.

Compared to other technical solutions, the two-tier soil-cultivating lancet paw with two 1.7 shares does not form a groove after rack 5, a leveled surface is created, a stable processing depth and a finely crumpled top layer structure are ensured.

Claims (4)

1. A two-tier soil cultivating lancet paw, characterized in that it contains cutting parts located one above the other, mounted on a paw stand, the upper cutting part being a ploughshare for cutting the aerial part of the weeds and leveling the soil surface and is made in the form of an isosceles triangle having in the front parts of a curvilinear narralik, the upper part of which is made on the Moebius surface, and spring teeth along the rear part, and the lower cutting part is made in the form of a tillage yvayuschego lancet coulter equipped fixed at its toe tip, wherein the lancet coulter sock bottom set back from 60 to 70 mm relative to the upper coulter sock. 2. A two-tier tillage lancet paw according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower shares are sharpened, while the upper share has a smaller thickness. 3. A two-tier soil cultivating lancet paw according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower plowshares have a blade opening angle of 60 ° and 70 °, respectively. 4. A two-tier soil cultivating lancet paw according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper ploughshare is arranged to move up and down the rack.

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