RU2667235C2 - Universal device for transportation of patients with complex and polytrauma - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical technology and can be used in the transportation of patients with combined and polytrauma, and is aimed at increasing the rigidity of fixing the patient, preventing traumatic shock, manufacturability of the device, installation, safety and convenience in operation. Universal device for transportation of patients with combined and polytrauma consists of four sections, intended for placement: shin and foot; hips; pelvis and lumbar spine; thoracic, cervical spine and head. Sections are equipped with wheels and are connected with each other by hinges, allowing to fold the device by W type and locks, the end sections have handles for carrying the device, in the decomposed form of the section fixed with each other handles with a threaded end and nuts. First section has a transverse beam, on which two guides are placed with the possibility of moving across the device and fixing in the desired position. On the guides there are two stops, provided with orthopedic shoes, with the possibility of moving along the axis of the turning device on the axis of fastening and fixing in the desired position. Second section has a screwed stop for the perineum, two guides, on which across the device are moved straps with lodgment fixed on them for hips with a fix in the desired position. Third section contains a lodgment for the back and a device for fixing the upper limbs, consisting of a lodgment for laying the forearm, two supports for the shoulder, rotating on the hinges in a horizontal plane with a fixation in the desired position, two supports for the forearm and two pivotally reclining crochets for the hands. Fourth section contains two guides, along which the slider moves along the axis of the device with the fixation in the desired position, the headrest is hingedly attached to the arms, with adjustable length and height adjustment and fixation in the desired position, and a lodgment for the thoracic and cervical spine attached to the support frame.EFFECT: invention can be used for transportation of patients with complex and polytrauma.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medical equipment and can be used for transportation of patients with combined and polytrauma at the prehospital stage.

A device for transporting patients on vehicles is known (RF patent No. 2236830, A61G 3/00, 2004), comprising a frame with a horizontally located bed, support legs and a means for reducing the longitudinal forces of inertia, which includes parallel racks on both sides of the frame her ends. The racks are the same length and pivotally attached to the frame with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane along the long side of the frame. The longitudinal axis of the uprights in their upper part is an acute angle with the bed plane from the front end of the vehicle, and their lengths exceed the lengths of the support legs.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of fixation of fractures of all departments of the upper and lower extremities and spine.

A device for transporting patients is known (application for the grant of a patent of the Russian Federation No.2010117993 / 12, A61G 3/00, 2011), containing a platform with side walls with a tripod for medical devices, based on three wheels, one of which is equipped with a lifting mechanism with a handle in the form of traction, the device is equipped with an oxygen cushion with a hose and faucet, a mattress covered with a sheet impregnated with an antiseptic with silver nanoparticles, and a flexible flat heater is placed between the mattress and the sheet.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of fixation of fractures of all departments of the upper and lower extremities and spine.

The closest in technical essence is Aishkhanov’s device for transporting patients (RF patent No. 2134093, A61G 1/02, 1999) contains a gurney with a sunbed, which has walls with heating means and a tripod for medical devices. The sunbed and its side walls consist of equal halves, which are movably connected to each other and rigidly fixed in the working position. Wheel racks are pivotally connected to the sunbed with the possibility of their rigid fixation in the working position and placement flush with the sunbed in the idle. At the corners of the walls of the lounger, latches are installed to make the device in the idle position look like a suitcase.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of fixation of fractures of all departments of the upper and lower extremities and spine.

Transport immobilization is used in the first hours and minutes after an injury and plays a decisive role not only in the prevention of complications, but also in preserving the life of the wounded and injured. With immobilization, peace is ensured, the interposition of vessels, nerves, soft tissues, the spread of wounded infection and secondary bleeding are prevented. Transport immobilization is carried out directly at the scene of the incident and at the stages of medical evacuation.

The aim of the invention is the development of a device for transporting patients with combined and polytrauma, providing rigid fixation of fractures of all departments of the upper and lower extremities, spine and head, the patient’s peace during transportation. The developed device must be safe, convenient in operation and have manufacturability in the manufacture and installation.

To achieve this goal, a universal device for transporting patients with combined and polytrauma PDN, consisting of four sections, designed to accommodate:

- shins and feet;

- hips;

- pelvis and lumbar spine;

- thoracic, cervical spine and head,

the sections are equipped with wheels and interconnected by hinges that allow folding the device of type “W” and locks, the outer sections have handles for carrying the device, in the unfolded form the sections are fixed to each other by handles with a threaded end and nuts; the first section has a transverse beam on which two guides are placed with the possibility of moving across the device and fixing in the desired position, two stops are provided on the guides, equipped with orthopedic shoes, with the ability to move along the axis of the device, rotate on the axis of attachment and fixation in the desired position; the second section has a screw-down stop for the crotch, two guides along which the strips with thigh holders fixed on them move along the device, and are fixed in the desired position; the third section contains a lodgement for the back and a device for fixing the upper extremities, consisting of a lodgement for laying the shoulder, two supports for the shoulder, rotating on hinges in the horizontal plane with fixation in the desired position, two supports for the forearm and two pivotally hooked lodgements from the bottom for hands; the fourth section contains two guides along which the crawler moves along the device axis with fixation in the desired position, a head restraint is pivotally attached to it with the possibility of adjustment along the length and height and fixation in the desired position and a lodgement for the chest and cervical spine attached to the supporting frame .

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the proposed device consists of four sections for accommodating different parts of the patient's body. In each section there is a device that provides rigid fixation in the correct position of the damaged part of the body located on this section. When folded, the device has small dimensions and weight and can be transported manually, or move on wheels.

This design provides high deployment speed, allows you to simultaneously rigidly in the correct position to fix fractures of the lower and upper limbs, pelvis, lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine and head. The device can be configured taking into account the anatomical features of the patient. During transportation, the device does not interfere with the control of vital functions of the body, access to wounds of various locations, catheterization of veins and pleural punctures, intramuscular and intravenous injections.

The technical result from the use of the invention is to ensure rigid fixation of the patient, prevention of traumatic shock, manufacturability of the device, installation, ensuring safety and ease of use.

The design of the proposed universal device for transporting patients with combined and polytrauma of the central nervous system is presented in FIG. 1-6.

In FIG. 1 shows the frame of the device when unfolded. It consists of four sections of poses. 1, 2, 3, 4. The sections are interconnected by hinges 5, which make it possible to fold the device according to the “W” type. In the unfolded position, the sections are fixed to each other by handles 6, having threaded ends at the ends, onto which two nuts are screwed. All sections are equipped with wheels 12 (Fig. 3).

In FIG. 2 shows the device in folded form. In this position, the sections are fastened with locks 7 and the two extreme sections have handles for carrying 8.

In FIG. 3 shows the section pos. 1, on which the shin and foot of the patient are placed. The section has a transverse beam 9, on which two guides 10 are placed with the possibility of moving across the device and fixing in the desired position. Two guides 11 can be moved along the guides along the axis of the device and fixed in the desired position. Emphasis can turn on an axis of fastening. Orthopedic shoes are put on the stops, allowing you to fix the patient's foot.

In FIG. 4 presents the section pos. 2. On the section there is a screw stop for the crotch 13, which in the folded position of the device is unscrewed and fits inside the frame. Along the guides 14, the strips 15 are moved, to which the lodgements for the hips 16 are attached.

In FIG. 5 presents the section pos. 3, which contains a lodgement for the back 17 and a device embedded in it in a folded form for fixing the upper limbs. The device consists of a lodgement for laying the shoulder girdle 18, two supports for the shoulder 19, rotating on hinges in the horizontal plane and fixed in the desired position, two supports for the forearm 20 and two pivotally folding tool holders for the hands 21, which are secured from below by a hook 22.

In FIG. 6 presents the section pos. 4, in which the slide 24 can be moved along the guides 23 along the axis of the device and fixed in the desired position. The head restraint 26 is pivotally attached to the crawler by levers 25. The position of the head restraint by turning the levers can be adjusted both in length and height and can be fixed in the desired position. A lodgement for the thoracic and cervical spine is attached to the supporting frame 27.

A universal device for transporting patients with combined and polytrauma of central disability works as follows.

The device in folded form is brought with the help of wheels 12 and handles 8 to the patient and laid out, after opening the locks 7. The sections are fastened together by handles 6 and two nuts are screwed onto their ends. Each section is equipped with additional devices for fixing broken parts of the patient's body.

To do this, perform the following actions:

- in section 2, the stopper for the crotch 13 is screwed and the lodgements for the hips are attached to the guides 14;

- in section 3, if necessary, the structure for fixing the upper limbs is laid out in the desired position and then the lodgement for the back 17 is laid;

- in section 4 to the creeper 24 levers 25 fasten the headrest 26.

On the device thus prepared lay the patient.

In the presence of fractures of the lower limb along the transverse beam 9, the guide 10 is brought to the damaged limb and fixed in the desired position. If necessary, set the stop 11 in the desired position, fix it and put on orthopedic shoes.

In case of hip fractures in a patient, emphasis 13 is brought to the patient's perineum. Along the guide 14, the slats 15 with tool holders 16 are moved to the desired position and fixed.

To fix the upper limbs in the right position from the lodgement of the shoulder girdle 18, the supports for the shoulder 19 are removed and fixed, the tool holders for the hands 21 are tilted and attached from the bottom with hooks 22 to the loops located on the supports for the forearm 20. A lodgement for the upper limbs is laid for backs 17.

If necessary, fixation of the head and cervical spine, the headrest 26 is adjusted in height and length and fixed in position.

After carrying out the transportation of the patient carry out the following actions:

- in section 4 fold the headrest;

- in section 3, the hand structure is folded and a lodgement for the back is laid on top;

- in section 2, unscrew the emphasis for the perineum and lay it inside the section;

- in section 1, lower the stops and remove the orthopedic shoes.

After these actions, unscrew the nuts from the handles, fold the device and fasten with locks.

The universal device for transporting patients with combined and polytrauma of the central nervous system has many degrees of freedom for the movement of its nodes, it is convenient in operation and contributes to the successful work in providing emergency assistance.

A universal device for transporting patients with combined and polytrauma of central disability allows you to simultaneously rigidly fix in the correct position any fractures of the lower extremities, pelvic fractures such as A.V.S., fractures of the chest, lumbar and cervical spine, head and upper limbs. If necessary, you can use the traction system and derotational fixation, twisting into the pelvis and the reclinator for fractures of the spine. During patient transportation, the device does not interfere with the control of vital body functions and the necessary anti-shock measures.

In working condition, a universal device for transporting patients with combined and polytrauma of central disability is compatible with use in ambulances, can be used in military field surgery and disaster medicine. The device can be configured taking into account the anatomical features of a person, it is mobile, has a high deployment speed, has simplicity and consistency in use.

The claimed invention can be manufactured industrially using modern materials and technologies and has a low cost.

Claims (7)

A universal device for transporting patients with combined and polytrauma, consisting of sections, characterized in that it has four sections designed to accommodate: - shins and feet; - hips; - pelvis and lumbar spine; - thoracic, cervical spine and head, the sections are equipped with wheels and interconnected by hinges that allow folding the device of type “W” and locks, the outer sections have handles for carrying the device, in the unfolded form the sections are fixed to each other by handles with a threaded end and nuts; the first section has a transverse beam on which two guides are placed with the possibility of moving across the device and fixing in the desired position, two stops are provided on the guides, equipped with orthopedic shoes, with the ability to move along the axis of the device, rotate on the axis of attachment and fixation in the desired position; the second section has a screw-down stop for the crotch, two guides along which the strips with thigh holders fixed on them move along the device, and are fixed in the desired position; the third section contains a lodgement for the back and a device for fixing the upper extremities, consisting of a lodgement for laying the shoulder, two supports for the shoulder, rotating on hinges in a horizontal plane with fixation in the desired position, two supports for the forearm and two hinged and hook lodges fixed to the bottom for the hands; the fourth section contains two guides along which the crawler moves along the device axis with fixation in the desired position, a head restraint is pivotally attached to it with the possibility of adjustment in length and height and fixation in the desired position and a lodgement for the chest and cervical spine attached to the supporting frame .

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