RU2666039C1 - Complex training system for preparation of air defense specialists - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: simulators; military equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to training simulators for the preparation of combat crews (CC) of combat air defense vehicles. Integrated training system (ITS) for the training of air defense specialists contains a central control point (CCP) integrated training system, connected via a first-level interface line connection (ILC) with the system of simulators of command points (SCP) and further through interface lines of the second level of communication (ILC) with the corresponding system of information equipment simulators (IES) and with the system of fire simulators (FS). CCP contains the automated workplace of the instructor, the automated workplace of the commander of the air defense grouping, the server of the initial data and the results of training combat crews and crews of combat vehicles. Automated workstations of simulators IES, SCP, FS are equipped with appropriate standard front panels with real control and indication elements (CIE) of simulated air defense means.EFFECT: invention provides an improvement in the training quality of these combat calculations.11 cl, 16 dwg

Description

Technical field

 The invention relates to training simulators for the preparation of combat crews and crews (BDTs) of air defense combat vehicles.

State of the art

 Autonomous simulators are known for separate training of BDT of anti-aircraft missile, anti-aircraft artillery, anti-aircraft missile-cannon and anti-aircraft gun and missile defense systems [1-14], containing workplaces (RM) of the BDT commander, BDT operators and instructors, equipped with electronic computers machines (computers), devices for simulating the air and electronic environment, hardware and software systems for controlling the learning process, as well as communications.

Known air defense simulators are intended only for the preparation of BDT homogeneous weapon systems.

To coordinate the combat units and subunits of the air defense group, equipped with anti-aircraft systems, heterogeneous in their purpose, detection and firing capabilities, aviation and targets imitating air attack tools are currently involved.

This requires a significant investment of time for preparation, economically expensive and organizationally difficult for the state. In addition, the capabilities of the existing target fleet do not allow simulating the entire spectrum of combat use of modern airborne weapons.

In this regard, it is necessary to create an integrated simulator system (CTS), which allows combining existing simulators into a single system with the aim of organizing the training and training of BDT of a mixed group of air defense equipment for interaction during air defense. Structurally, it is advisable to construct the KTS in the form of a single training center or a geographically dispersed KTS, the control center of which is located at the place of deployment of the KP of the air defense group, and the component training simulators are distributed at the places of deployment of the corresponding parts (divisions) of the air defense with the possibility of using (with their appropriate modernization) for training of both regular and conventional communication channels of an air defense group, a common server, and a model of source data on aerospace and interference conditions.

Such a CCC in the prior art is not revealed.

When creating a CCC for the training of air defense specialists, it is necessary to take into account both the features of the functioning of heterogeneous anti-aircraft systems, their command posts and air reconnaissance equipment, and the features of modeling their actions, including:

- preliminary electronic mapping of the terrain, imitation of the methods of combat use of air-raids, linking them to an electronic terrain map, modeling zones of detection of air raids and terrain;

- Features of modeling and simulation of battle formations of heterogeneous air defense systems on the ground;

- features of training and training of individual specialists, calculations (crews) of command posts, reconnaissance equipment of the air enemy, fire defense systems;

- working out the issues of interaction and electromagnetic compatibility between dissimilar air defense units during air defense;

- co-ordination of heterogeneous air defense units in combat work in preparation for repelling anti-aircraft attacks, when firing at and controlling air and ground targets;

- the lack of a single protocol for the exchange of information between existing air defense simulators and, for this reason, the impossibility of their joint application.

Thus, there is a technical problem - the lack of simulators that allow combining existing and promising air defense simulators into a single system with the aim of organizing the training and training of BDT mixed grouping of air defense equipment.

The solution to this technical problem is to create a component of the invention of a previously unknown comprehensive training system for training air defense specialists in a single training center or geographically dispersed KTS in the combat formations of the corresponding air defense units (subunits) without involving aviation and targets to simulate air attack.

The technical result achieved by solving the technical problem is to obtain a new property from the training system, which provides the opportunity for comprehensive practical training of airborne combat divisions of units and parts of diverse air defense systems to repel air raids under conditions close to real ones, without involving aviation and targets, simulating options (scenarios) for combat use of IOS.

At the same time, the quality of training of specialists is further enhanced due to the possibility of multiple repetitions of the entire training session or any of its fragments. At the same time, material and technical costs are significantly reduced, and the time for training and practical training for BDT is reduced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The solution of this technical problem, and as a result, the achievement of the claimed technical result is ensured by the fact that the complex training system for training air defense specialists according to the invention contains a central control center (CPU) of a comprehensive training system (CTS) connected through an interface line of the first communication level (ILS ₁ ) with a system of simulators of command posts (TCH) and further through interface lines of the second communication level (ILS ₂ ) with the corresponding system of simulators of information tools (TIS) and with A system of firearms simulators (TOS), CPC KTS contains an automated workplace for an instructor (AWS-I _KTS ), an automated workplace for a commander (AWS-K _{air defense} ) of a group of air defense forces (air defense), peripheral video surveillance and documentation equipment, a source data server and the results of the training of combat crews and crews of combat vehicles (BDTs), as well as the means of conjugation and network exchange facilities (MTR) with simulators subordinate to combat training, the simulators of the TKP, TIS and TOS systems are of the same type and in their composition and include the connected cable lines digital communications workstation instructor (AWS-& _T), a workstation commander (ARM-K _T) and one or more computer workstations operator (ARM-O _T) equipped with full-time facial panels with real control and display (OUI) of the simulated air defense systems, connected via universal adapters (UA) with an electronic computer (PC), which is part of these workstations and equipped with software (software) and network communication protocols for training tasks and monitoring studies with ARM AND _CCC Command combat control - with subordinates APM on signals mining management teams - with a higher hierarchy ARM CCC.

The system TCH comprises a simulator control center (CP) radio forces (TCH _RTV) simulator manual firing means unit (OS) is a short-range (TCH _RSD), the simulator operating a short range unit CP (TCH _OSM) simulator units OS medium-range manual (TKP _OSS ), a simulator of the KP unit of the long-range operating system (TKP _OSD ), connected by air, to control and command teams through ILS ₁ with the CPU and through ILS ₂ - with a system of subordinate TIS and TOS simulators. The TIS system contains simulators of radar reconnaissance equipment (T _RLR ) and simulators of optical reconnaissance equipment (T _OR ), the TOC system - long-range OS simulators (TOS _D ), medium-range OS simulators (TOS _C ), short-range OS simulators (TOS _M ) and short-range operating system simulators (TOS _B ), made according to the same functional diagram and containing the instructor's automated workstation (ARM-I _T ) connected by digital communication cable lines, the commander's automated workstation (ARM-K _T ) and one or more automation operator’s workstations (ARM-O _T ), with ARM-K _T and ARM-O _T equipped with full-time front panels with real controls and indication of simulated air defense systems, connected via universal adapters to an electronic computer (PC) included in composition of these AWPs. The universal adapter (UA) of the workstation of the TKP, TIS and TOS simulators contains a processor with a long-term (DZUS) and random access memory (RAM) connected via analog inputs / outputs via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a multi-pin analog signal bus with a standard front panel a unit of equipment of the corresponding simulated air defense system, and via digital inputs / outputs via a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a digital signal bus with a USB or LAN port for connecting to a computer of the corresponding workstation of the commander or operator, in the DZUS of the processor, a basic program for the operational processing of input / output signals is built in, made with the possibility of packing / unpacking the signals in “packets” and multiplexing (compaction) of information passing through the UA. The software of the KTS simulators is made with the ability to control the technical condition of the latter. The automated workstations of the instructors ARM-I _KTS and ARM-I _T are made according to the same functional diagram and contain one or more electronic computers installed on the workplace of the corresponding instructor with one or more monitors, a keypad, a manual mouse-type manipulator , with an input-output device (I / O) of the type of a network card and parallel and serial communication ports for connecting to external devices and peripheral equipment for video surveillance and documentation. The source data server contains a library of training tasks (BUZ), which includes a set of parameters for the air (HE), ground (BUT) and radioelectronic (REO) conditions and options for the combat use of air forces taking into account the experience of local wars and military conflicts. Interface communication lines ILS ₁ and ILS ₂ are wireless or wired. Wireless communication lines are made in the form of modem or GSM - radio communication lines. Wired communication lines are made of multicore twisted pair wire cable or fiber optic cables with bi-directional terminal connectors via USB or Ethernet with the ability to circulate signal information, combat control commands and reports to the CCC.

Such an implementation of an integrated training system for training air defense specialists from heterogeneous air defense simulators, equipping them with network exchange and communication tools, developing a network protocol for exchanging data between them, creating databases that provide unique identification for all participants of HE, RP and REO elements, as well as for the first time, the corresponding software allows training of specialists of an entire air defense group without involving aviation and targets. This makes it possible to improve the quality of BDT training for air defense units to repel air raids by simultaneously reducing the time spent on their training and reducing material and technical costs for training and BDT training.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-16.

In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of an integrated training system for training air defense specialists. In FIG. 2 is a functional diagram of a central control center for an integrated training system; in FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of an instructor workstation; FIG. 4 - the algorithm of the CTS in the mode of "integrated training". In FIG. 5 to 9 show the appearance of monitors and simulators of specific control points and fire weapons, including: in FIG. 5 - photo of the monitor ARM-I _KTS with a fragment of the training exercise of the STS; in FIG. 6 - photo simulator battery command post (BKP) "Tor" [1, p. 96-97]; in FIG. 7 - photo simulator combat vehicle (BM) anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) "Tor-M2E" [1, p. 98-99]; in FIG. 8 - photo simulator KP SAM "Buk-M2E" [1, p. 102-104]; in FIG. 9 - photo of the simulator of self-propelled fire installation (SOU) "Buk-M2E" [1, p. 106-107]; in FIG. 10 - structure of the simulator BM air defense system "TOR"; in FIG. 11 - structure of a universal adapter (UA); in FIG. 12 - connection diagram of a universal adapter with an expander (option for the simulator BM air defense system "Tor"); in FIG. 13 is a diagram of managing network protocols using a matching program; in FIG. 14 - the structure of the information package; in FIG. 15 - a list of types of information packages; in FIG. 16 is a body structure of an information packet of type "3".

In FIG. 1-16 are indicated:

1 - the central control point of the integrated training system;

1.1 - the automated workplace of the instructor KTS (ARM-I _KTS );

1.1.1 - electronic computer;

1.1.2 - monitor;

1.1.3 - keyboard control panel;

1.1.4 - a manual manipulator of the "mouse" type;

1.1.5 - an input-output device such as a network card and ports of parallel and serial communication;

1.2 - an automated workplace of the commander of an air defense group (AWP-K _{air defense} );

1.3 - peripheral equipment for video surveillance and documentation;

1.4 - source data server and BDT training results;

1.5 - means of pairing;

1.6 - means of network exchange;

2 - interface line of the first communication level (ILS ₁ );

3 - a system of simulators of command posts;

3.1 - simulator KP radio engineering troops (TKP _RTV );

3.2 - simulator KP subunits of short-range fire weapons (TKP _OSB );

3.3 - simulator KP subunits of short-range fire weapons (TKP _OSM );

3.4 - simulator KP subunits of medium-range firearms (TKP _OSS );

3.5 - simulator KP unit of long-range firearms (TKP _OSD );

4 - interface lines of the second level of communication (ILS ₂ );

5 - a system of simulators of information tools;

5.1 - simulator radar reconnaissance (T _RLR );

5.2 - optical reconnaissance equipment simulator (T _OR );

6 - a system of simulators of fire weapons;

6.1 - long-range OS simulators (TOS _D );

6.1.1 - simulator anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) "S-300" and its modifications [1, p. 110-117];

6.2 - medium-range OS simulators (TOS _C );

6.2.1 - simulator SAM "Buk" and its modifications [1, p. 102-104];

6.2.2 - simulator BM air defense system "Tor" and its modifications [1, p. 96-97];

6.2.2.1 - the automated workplace of the instructor of the BM simulator (ARM-I _T );

6.2.2.2 - the automated workplace of the BM commander (ARM-K _T );

6.2.2.2.1 - regular front panel of the BM equipment block;

6.2.2.2.2 - universal adapter (UA);

6.2.2.2.2.1 - bus of analog signals;

6.2.2.2.2.2 - analog-to-digital converter;

6.2.2.2.2.3 - processor of the universal adapter;

6.2.2.2.2.4 - digital-to-analog converter;

6.2.2.2.2.5 - bus of digital signals;

6.2.2.2.3 - universal adapter-expander;

6.2.2.3 - the automated workstation of the BM operator (ARM-O _T );

6.3 - short-range OS simulators (TOS _M );

6.3.1 - simulator BM air defense system "Wasp" and its modifications [1, p. 90-95];

6.3.2 - simulator SAM "Cube" and its modifications [1, p. 88-89];

6.3.3 - simulator anti-aircraft missile-cannon complex (ZRPK) "Shell" and its modifications [1, p. 100-101];

6.4 - short-range OS simulators (TOS _B );

6.4.1 - simulator anti-aircraft self-propelled guns (ZSU) 23-4M4 "Shilka" [1, p. 72-73];

6.4.2 - simulator portable anti-aircraft missile system (MANPADS) "Dzhigit" and its modifications [1, p. 38-39];

6.4.3 - simulator ZSU anti-aircraft gun-missile complex (SAM) "Tunguska" and its modifications [1, p. 84-87];

6.4.4 - simulator SAM "Strela-10" and its modifications [1, p. 30-31];

6.4.5 - simulator MANPADS "Igla" and its modifications [1, p. 32-37].

According to FIG. 1 - FIG. The 16 complex training system for training air defense specialists includes the central point 1 for managing a comprehensive training system, a system of 3 simulators of command posts, a system of 5 simulators of information tools and a system of 6 simulators of fire equipment, interconnected by interface lines 2 of the first level and lines 4 of the second communication level.

CPC 1 KTS contains an automated workplace of 1.1 instructors (AWS-I _KTS ), an automated workplace of 1.2 commander of an air defense group (AWS-K _{air defense} ), peripheral equipment 1.3 for video surveillance and documentation, a server 1.4 of initial data and training results for BDT, a pair of 1.5 network exchange 1.6 connecting CPU 1 with ILS1 2.

According to the downward digital streams of information about the air, ground and radio-electronic conditions and commands for the reflection of airborne attack, line 2 of the first communication level ILS _{1 is} connected to the TCH system 3. Interface communication line ILS _{1 is} made wireless or wired. The wireless communication line is made in the form of a modem or GSM - radio communication line. The wired communication line is made in the form of a system of multicore cables of the type “twisted pair of wires” or fiber optic cables with terminal connectors via USB or Ethernet.

System 3 of the TKP includes a simulator 3.1 KP of radio engineering troops (TKP _RTV ), a simulator 3.2 KP of a unit of short-range fire weapons (TKP _OSB ), a simulator 3.3 KP of a subunit of short-range OS (TKP _OSM ), a simulator 3.4 KP of a subdivision of medium-range (TKP _OSS ) , simulator 3.5 KP subdivisions of long-range OS (TKP _OSD ). Each of these simulators 3.1-3.5 is connected via downstream digital streams of information about HE, NL, REO and anti-aircraft raid reflection commands via the corresponding interface lines 4 of the second level of communication of ILS ₂ with a system of 5 subordinate simulators of information tools and a system of 6 fire simulators. The design of ILS _{2 is} similar to ILS ₁ . System 5 TIS contains simulators 5.1 means of radar reconnaissance (T _RLR ) and simulators 5.2 means of optical reconnaissance (T _RR ). The TOC system 6 contains simulators 6.1 long-range OS, simulators 6.2 medium-range OS, simulators 6.3 short-range OS, simulators 6.4 short-range OS.

In turn, for high-quality training and operational coordination of BDT to repel a raid in the conditions of the massive use of modern air attack tools, simulators 6.1 long-range operating systems include simulators 6.1.1 for the preparation of combat crews of S-300 air defense systems and its modifications [1, p. 110-117]. Simulators 6.2 medium-range operating systems include simulators 6.2.1 of the Buk air defense system and its modifications [1, p. 102-104] and simulators 6.2.2 BM air defense systems "Tor" and its modifications [1, p. 96-97]. The complex of training simulators 6.3 for training combat crews of subunits of short-range fire weapons includes: training simulators 6.3.1 BM Osa and its modifications [1, p. 90-95]; simulators 6.3.2 SAM "Cube" and its modifications; simulators 6.3.3 ZRPK "Shell" and its modifications. Simulators 6.4 for training combat crews of short-range operating units include: simulators 6.4.1 ZSU 23-4M4 Shilka [1, p. 72-73]; simulators 6.4.2 MANPADS "Dzhigit" and its modifications [1, p. 38-39]; simulators 6.4.3 ZSU ZPRK "Tunguska" and its modifications; simulators 6.4.4 SAM "Strela-10" and its modifications [1, p. 30-31]; simulators 6.4.5 MANPADS "Igla" and its modifications [1, p. 32-37].

All simulators of the 3 TKP, 5 TIS and 6 TOS systems are of the same composition and contain instructor workstation (ARM-I _T ) connected by digital communication cable lines, commander’s workstation (ARM-K _T ) and one or more workstations operators (AWP-O _T ). Automated workstations of instructors ARM- _IT , as well as ARM-I _KTS 1.1 CPU 1 (Fig. 3), contain one or more computers 1.1.1 with one or more monitors 1.1.2 installed on the workstation, with a keypad 1.1 .3, a manual manipulator 1.1.4 of the “mouse” type and an input / output device 1.1.5 for connecting to external devices and external video surveillance and documentation equipment.

In contrast to the automated workstations of 1.1 instructors, the workstations of 1.2 (ARM-K _T ) commanders and ARM-O _T operators of the simulators of 3 TKP, 5 TIS and 6 TOS systems are equipped with standard faceplates with real control and indication instead of a keypad ) simulated air defense systems connected through universal adapters developed by the applicants with the computer included in these workstations (Fig. 10). Examples of the appearance of monitors and simulators are shown in FIG. 5 - FIG. 9. In FIG. 5 presents the monitor ARM-I _KTS 1.1 with a picture of a fragment of the training exercise of the STS; in FIG. 6 - photo simulator battery command post (BKP) "Tor" [1, p. 96-97]; in FIG. 7 - photo simulator BM air defense system "Tor-M2E" [1, p. 98-99]; in FIG. 8 - photo simulator KP SAM "Buk-M2E" [1, p. 102-104]; in FIG. 9 - photo simulator SOU "Buk-M2E" [1, p. 106-107].

Due to the specifics of the production of weapons and military equipment, KTS simulators are manufactured by different manufacturers and therefore their data exchange protocols are not interconnected. The solution to the problem of the exchange of information between dissimilar simulators was carried out by the applicants of the invention by developing a network protocol as part of the software ARM-I _KTS and a program for its coordination with the data exchange protocols of the simulator manufacturers. Thus, the information connection between the elements of the CCC and its functioning as a system as a whole is provided. A feature of the software developed by the applicants is that it does not depend on the operating systems and programming tools (languages) used by different manufacturers in their simulators.

In order to simplify and reduce the cost of the process of creating air defense training simulators, NTTsKT TOR LLC developed universal adapters 6.2.2.2.2, which are designed to connect the DIM of standard faceplates of units 6.2.2.2.1 AWP of simulators of systems 3, 5, 6 with electronic computer 1.1.1 of these AWS (Fig. 10). These universal adapters (UA) AWS simulators TKP, TIS and TOS contain (Fig. 11) processor 6.2.2.2.2.3 with long-term (DZUS) and random access memory (RAM) connected by analog inputs / outputs via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 6.2.2.2.2.2 and a multi-pin analogue signal bus 6.2.2.2.2.1 with a standard front panel of the equipment block of the corresponding simulated air defense system, and via digital inputs / outputs via a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 6.2.2.2.2.4, digital signal bus 6.2.2.2.2.5 with a USB or LAN port for communication with a computer of the corresponding workstation of the commander or operator.

The core of UA in air defense training simulators is a processor, in the DZUS of which the basic program for operational processing of input / output signals is “sewn up” (Fig. 11). There are 32 input / output ports in a lot of contact bus for connecting a standard front panel to the UA. The basic UA program is made with the possibility of “packing” / “unpacking” the received / transmitted UA information into “packets” and sending them via a serial USB or LAN communication channel. Due to this “packaging”, up to 32 UAs can be used on one communication channel. This ensures multiplexing (compaction) of information passing through the UA, which significantly increases the performance of communication channels.

The UA program, used as a base program, allows you to control another universal adapter - an expander 6.2.2.2.3 (Fig. 12). Such a scheme is designed to increase the number of processed input / output signals, if necessary, when the standard faceplate of the simulated air defense unit has a large number of real controls and displays.

The computer software included in the ARM-I _{T of} the air defense system simulator is configured to generate “control” firmware commands for the UA processor at the “download” stage (Fig. 12), while UA algorithms are adapted to perform the corresponding operations. This ensures the “universality” of the adapters, which means that they can be installed in any unit on any simulator.

As for ARM-I_KTS then  Each manufacturer of air defense simulators has developed its own unique network protocol for accessing and exchanging data in an external environment - a local area network (LAN). These network protocols do not interconnect (everyone "speaks" different languages and does not understand each other), therefore it is impossible to combine simulators from different manufacturers into a single system. To solve this problem, the applicant of NTTsKT TOR LLC developed a network protocol that includes all available protocols with the aim of combining all existing and advanced air defense systems, command posts, reconnaissance equipment, flight simulators and electronic warfare systems into the LAN. The developed network protocol is a set of rules and actions (sequence of actions) that allow for the connection and data exchange between two or more devices included in the network (complex training system), such as ARM-I_KTS and air defense equipment simulators participating in the CCC.

The initiator of connection to the AWS-I _{KTS is} always an air defense simulator. Connection (authorization) is carried out at the stage of registration of simulators in the network. In this case, the information model (structure) of the CTS is formed. Data exchange between simulators and AWS-I _{KTS is} carried out through information packages.

An information package is an indivisible element of data exchange. It consists of (Fig. 14) the header of the information packet and the body of the information packet, which contains useful information. The structure, content and size of this information is determined by the type of package. By type, the packages (Fig. 15) contain data on: the air situation, the ground situation, the radio-electronic situation, the fire tasks, command teams, reports on the execution of commands, reports on the status of simulators and the results of training air defense, and others. A fragment of the body structure of the information package type "3" is presented in Fig.16.

Due to the lack of uniform requirements for the structure, size and content of information packages, each simulator manufacturer has developed its own unique version.

The joint venture developed by NTTsKT TOR LLC is embedded in the software of ARM-I _KTS .

Correct data exchange between the AWS-I of the _KTS and the air defense training simulators is ensured by the network protocol approval program developed by the specialists of NTTsKT TOR LLC. This program contains sections adapted for each simulator, it is built into the ARM-I _KTS software (Fig.13). Data delivery with information packets from air defense training simulators to the AWS-I _KTS and vice versa was performed on the network in accordance with the Ethernet protocol via serial USB or LAN communication channels.

As part of the software ARM-I _KTS , a database of all types of settings, training tasks of varying degrees of complexity has been developed. The software developed by ARM-I _KTS allows you to simulate the airborne (AT), ground (BUT) and radio-electronic conditions (REO) based on the situation database taking into account the dynamic characteristics of targets and kinematic flight paths of anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM). This ensures the “smoothness” of the trajectories of the movement of air targets and missiles without sharp maneuvers, in which real objects experience overloads that lead to the destruction of the hull of an aircraft or missiles.

The specified software produced by NTTsKT TOR LLC is based on the network protocol of NTTsKT TOR LLC, which is programmatically consistent with the data exchange protocols of manufacturers of the corresponding heterogeneous simulators TIS, TKP, TOS. The software for the automated workplaces of the instructor (manager) of the KTS (AWS-I _KTS ) and instructors of subordinate simulators (AWS-I _T ) is made independent of the operating systems and programming languages used by different manufacturers in their simulators. This software is made with the possibility of centralized or local modeling of the “library” of training tasks (BUZ), which includes a set of parameters for the air (HE), ground (BUT) and radioelectronic (REO) conditions. The set of parameters of the BUZ NTSTKT TOR LLC was developed on the basis of the analysis of the combat employment of air defense systems and air defense forces, taking into account the experience of local wars and conflicts in the world with a retrospective of more than 10 years, and was entered into the memory of the server 1.4 CPU 1.

The software of ARM-I _{KTS is} made with the ability to not only simulate and transfer to the server 1.4 a single and uniquely identified by all KTS simulators air, ground and electronic environment based on the database of VHI raid options (library of training tasks) developed by the applicants, but also to conduct collection and analysis of information about the condition of the simulators participating in the training and the operations of combat crews (crews) when reflecting the IOS attack, and also to monitor the technical condition of all simulators in the CCC.

In turn, the software of the subordinate ARM-I _T systems 3, 5, 6 is made with the possibility of local simulation or relaying in real time from the ARM-I _KTS 1.1 through the server 1.4 of the CPU 1 VO, NO and REO, necessary for training combat missions calculations (crews) on the corresponding simulators.

The central control center 1 and each simulator of systems 3, 5, 6 of the KTS are installed in separate rooms of one or several buildings of a single training center and are interconnected by cable and / or digital communication radio links. If necessary, they can be located at the places of deployment of air defense units (subunits) or simply located at their positions during tactical exercises (field exits).

This construction of the KTS allows using the software ARM-I _KTS 1 to simulate, store and transmit to each simulator a single simulated air, ground and electronic environment and receive control and reporting commands from them, thereby ensuring the functioning of the control system of the air defense grouping along the chain from the CPU 1 mixed grouping through simulators 3 command posts to simulators information 5 and fire weapons 6.

In this case, in the case of the functioning of the CCC in the “complex training” mode, the ARM-I _{T of} each simulator acts as a “gateway” and, together with the network exchange means, ILS ₁ and ILS _2, provides relaying information about HE, BUT and REO from ARM-I _CTS through the server 1.4 CPU to the air defense training simulators and control commands and reports in the opposite direction. In the “stand-alone training” mode, the ARM- _{T of} each simulator not only fully simulates the situation necessary for working out training tasks on this simulator, but also transmits information about the state of the simulator and the actions of combat crews to CPU 1 to replenish server 1.4 and documenting the results of training on paper and electronic media of peripheral video surveillance equipment and documentation 1.3.

The design of the CCC is not limited to the above example of its implementation. In the framework of this invention, other structural solutions of the elements of the CCC are possible, not going beyond the description and claims. So, to distribute the simulators to the places of deployment of combat units or air defense ranges during the tactical exercises of air defense units (subunits), the central control center and each simulator of the KTS can be made mobile.

An integrated training system in the "integrated training" mode in accordance with the algorithm presented in FIG. 4, operates as follows.

At the command of the instructor or the head of the training, the equipment of all KTS simulators is turned on. The instructor or leader selects, respectively, in the task library on AWS-I _KTS 1.1 or independently simulates an exercise (variant of the SVN raid) in accordance with the combat training (training) plan. Training participants (simulator instructors or calculation commanders, crews) register their simulators on the network. The training instructor monitors the registration process of air defense equipment involved in the training on the monitor 1.1.2 AWS-I _KTS . The commanders of all levels carry out the statement of fire missions from higher command posts to lower command posts and fire weapons by assigning range lines, responsible sectors, types of targets, echelons of height, and ammunition. The combat crews participating in the training (crews) perform operations to transfer simulators of systems 3, 5, 6 to a state of readiness for work and report on readiness in an automated way. The instructor (leader) of the training, being in the CPU 1, monitors the readiness of all training participants to reflect the IOS attack on the monitor of the ARM-I _KTS . Making sure that everyone is ready, he starts the raid. A fragment of an IOS training plaque is shown in FIG. 5. Information about HE, RP and REO from the AWS-I _KTS is _sent to the AWS-K _{air defense} , and then from the CPU 1 through the server 1.4 in accordance with the network protocol through the interface line 2 of the first communication level to the simulators of the subordinate KP 3.1-3.5. During the "complex training" of the automated workplace-I _{T of} these simulators, they relay information about HE, BUT and REO through the interface lines 4 of the second level communication to simulators 5.1-5.2 of information tools and simulators 6.1-6.4 of firearms. The received information about the situation is visualized and displayed on the means of indicating the workplaces of the commanders and operators of the CPU, TKP, TIS and TOS. In TIS 5.1-5.2 simulators, combat work is carried out on reconnaissance of air targets, and in TKP 3.1-3.5 simulators and TOS 6.1-6.4 simulators, on fire control of subordinate firearms, clarification of fire tasks and target distribution, training shooting at air and ground targets. Control commands are transmitted from top to bottom along the ARM-K _PVO 1.2 CPA chain 1 – simulators 3.1-3.5 command posts – information simulators 5.1-5.2 and simulators 6.1-6.4 of fire weapons large 6.1.1, medium 6.2.1, 6.2.2, short range 6.3.1-6.3.3 and short range 6.4.1-6.4.5 action, respectively. On simulators 6.1-6.4 fire weapons, combat work is carried out to repel an attack on air forces: training shooting at air and ground targets, assessing the results of firing, transmitting information about the standing points of the fire weapons, the presence and consumption of missiles and ammunition, the coordinates of the missiles and the results of firing “from the bottom” up ”in the above chain. Upon completion of the exercise, instructors or training leaders analyze and evaluate the results of reflection of the IOS plaque. Training results are documented on paper and electronic media.

If it is necessary to train calculations (crews) on their own, the CTS can be used in "offline mode". At the same time, the head of the training at the ARM-K _{air defense} can exercise general control, and the training crews (crews) direct the training directly. The work of the CCC is carried out similarly to the above (Fig. 4) algorithm with a truncation of the number of combat crews involved in training.

The invention was developed at the level of a technical proposal, physical models of simulators of dissimilar air defense systems, equipment for their interfacing, including universal adapters, and software for the CTS system as a whole.

The invention improves the quality of preparation of combat calculations of diverse air defense systems. At the same time, material and technical costs and time for training and practical training of BDT are significantly reduced.

Information sources

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Claims (11)

1. An integrated training system for training air defense specialists, characterized in that it contains a central control center (CPA) integrated training system (CTS), connected via an interface line of the first level of communication (ILS ₁ ) with a system of command post training simulators (TCH) and then through the second interface link layer link (ILS ₂₎ with the appropriate information means simulators system (TIS) and a system simulator firing means (CBT), the CPU CCC contains workstation ins ruktora (ARM AND _CCC), a workstation commander (ARM-K _{air defense)} grouping of Air Defense Forces (PVO), peripheral equipment surveillance and documentation, source data server and the results of training crews and crews of combat vehicles (BDT), as well as interfacing means and network exchange means (MTR) with simulators subordinate to combat training, the simulators of the TKP, TIS and TOS systems are made of the same composition and include automated digital cables connected by cable lines ie a workplace instructor (APM & _T), a workstation commander (ARM-K _T) and one or more computer workstations operator (ARM-O _T) equipped with regular faceplates with real control and display bodies (BLI) simulated air defense systems connected via universal adapters (UA) to an electronic computer (PC), which is part of these workstations and equipped with software (software) and network communication protocols for educational tasks and study control with AWS-I _CTS , for control commands the battle - with subordinate AWPs, according to signals of working out control commands - with a higher-ranking AWP of the KTS. 2. An integrated training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the TKP system contains a simulator of a command post (KP) of radioengineering forces (TKP _RTV ), a simulator of a KP unit of fire weapons (OS) of short range (TKP _OSB ), a simulator of a KP unit of OS small range (TKP _OSM ), simulator KP subunits OS medium range (TKP _OSS ), simulator KP subunits OS long range (TKP _OSD ), connected by air, control commands and working out commands through ILS ₁ with the CPU and through ILS ₂ - with the system subordinate simulators TIS and T OS 3. The complex training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the TIS system contains simulators of radar reconnaissance equipment (T _RLR ) and simulators of optical reconnaissance equipment (T _RR ), the TOS system - long-range OS simulators (TOS _D ), medium-sized OS simulators range (T & _C), short-range simulators OS _(M TOC) and simulators OS near field (TOS _B) performed on the same type of functional circuit and connected by cable lines containing digital communication instructor workstation (AWP aND _T), workstations ranked commander (ARM-K _T) and one or more computer workstations operator (ARM-O _T), and ARM-K _T and ARM-O _T are equipped with full-time front panels with real controls and display simulated air defense systems, connected via universal adapters with an electronic computer (computer), which is part of these workstations. 4. The complex training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the universal adapter (UA) of the workstation of the TKP, TIS and TOS simulators contains a processor with a long-term (DZUS) and random access memory (RAM) connected to the analog inputs / outputs via analog- a digital converter (ADC) and a multi-pin analog signal bus with a standard front panel of the equipment block of the corresponding simulated air defense system, and via digital inputs / outputs via a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a digital signal bus with a USB or LAN port with ides from the corresponding computer workstation operator or commander, wherein the processor is embedded in Zushi backend operational processing input / output terminal signals configured to pack / unpack signals into "packets" and multiplexing (seal) passing through the UA information. 5. An integrated training system according to claim 3, characterized in that the software of the KTS simulators is configured to control the technical condition of the latter. 6. The complex training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the automated workstations of the instructors ARM-I _KTS and ARM-I _{T are} made according to the same functional scheme and contain one or more electronic computers installed at the workplace of the corresponding instructor with one or multiple monitors, a keypad control panel, a manual mouse-type manipulator, with an input-output device (I / O) such as a network card and parallel and serial communication ports for connecting to external devices and iferiynoy surveillance and documentation of equipment. 7. An integrated training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the source data server contains a library of training tasks (BUZ), including a set of parameters of the air (HE), ground (BUT) and radioelectronic (REO) settings and combat applications of airborne forces taking into account experience of local wars and military conflicts. 8. An integrated training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the interface communication lines ILS ₁ and ILS _{2 are} made wireless or wired. 9. An integrated training system according to claim 8, characterized in that the wireless communication lines are made in the form of modem or GSM - radio communication lines. 10. The complex training system according to claim 8, characterized in that the wired communication lines are made of multicore cable of the “twisted pair of wires” type or fiber optic cables with bi-directional terminal connectors via USB or Ethernet with the possibility of circulating signal information and combat control commands to the CCC and reports. 11. An integrated training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the central control center and each KTS simulator are mobile, installed in separate rooms of one or several buildings of a single training center with the possibility of placing simulators at the locations of combat units or air defense training grounds during tactical exercises of units (subdivisions) of air defense.

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