RU2651605C1 - Method for processing of grained food for ruminant animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to a method for processing grain forage for ruminants. Method comprises mixing 35–45 % of the crushed grain feed from a daily ration rate with 1 % lactic acid solution in a weight ratio of 75:25, holding the resulting mixture with an exposure of 30 min at a temperature of 18–22 °C, followed by stirring with the remainder of the concentrated feed, as well as feeding the resulting mixture to the animals.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase the productivity of farm animals.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the agricultural industry and can be used to increase the productivity of farm animals.

A known method (1) of processing wheat bran for feed. The invention relates to a technology for the preparation of feed or feed additives from wheat bran. The method involves moistening wheat bran with whey to a moisture content of 20-30% for 70-90 minutes, and the extrusion process is carried out under a pressure of 5-6 MPa, and before the extrusion, wt.% Is added: baking soda - 1-2, table salt - 2-3, whey - 17-20, wheat bran - 75-80. The invention improves the nutritional value of wheat bran by increasing the content of micro and macro elements in them, in particular due to the concentration of digestible phosphorus.

The disadvantage of this method is the use as a component of whey, which is a food raw material for humans in the first place, as well as the use of energy-consuming equipment (extruder).

Features of the formation of acid-base relations in ruminants are more dependent on the physiological state, conditions of feeding and feeding, than in other types of farm animals. So, with an increase in the excess share of concentrated feed in the diet, starch of grain, especially barley, undergoes faster fermentation in the rumen, which leads to a rapid accumulation of volatile fatty acids in the rumen, a sharp decrease in the acidity of the scar fluid from the optimal range (5.8-6.0) , the occurrence of acute diseases: acute acytosis, atony, tympanum, etc. [2, 3, 4]

A known method for the treatment of atony of the pre-stomachs of ruminants (5) and a drug for the treatment of acute forms of tympanic scar in ruminants and / or acute intestinal flatulence in horses (6). The invention relates to veterinary medicine and is applicable to sick animals. In this case, multicomponent mixtures are used, or their feeding in liquid form. Known methods of treating scar acidosis [7, 8] provide for the oral administration of sodium acetate and calcium acetate twice a day, previously dissolved in warm water and shortening the recovery time of animals. These methods are also aimed at treating already sick animals.

In this regard, we have proposed a method of processing grain feed for ruminants by mixing crushed grain with a 1% solution of lactic acid in a certain ratio, followed by exposure and feeding.

The objective of the invention is the regulation of dosed hydrolysis of starch under the influence of microflora of the rumen, aimed at the formation of an optimal metabolic background in the pancreas, i.e. reduce the availability of starch for microflora.

Lactic acid is actively used in veterinary medicine as an anti-fermentation drug, for the treatment of enteritis, gastritis, tympanum, flatulence, with acute expansion of the stomach, with trichomoniasis of cattle, skin diseases in the form of 40 and 80% solutions [9-12]. It is a metabolite in the body of ruminants, non-toxic, and has no contraindications when using slaughter products after use.

There is evidence that lactic acid has the ability to slow down the enzymatic effect of grain amylase, which led to a decrease in starch degradation in laboratory studies (13). Another explanation may be that the interaction between gluten and organic acid can provide a barrier to enzymatic decomposition (14). In this regard, an interesting question is the effect of lactic acid on the disintegration of starch in the rumen of ruminants.

Protein and starch protection in feed products from cleavage in the rumen is known (15). According to the invention, the feed product and the urea-formaldehyde polymer are mixed in amounts compatible for the mixing reaction. The mixture is heated at a temperature and moisture content sufficient to covalently bind the urea-formaldehyde polymer to the proteins and starches of the feed.

Thus, the protection of proteins, starch and lipids present in the feed from rumen microbial cleavage is ensured. The invention improves the absorption of proteins, lipids and starch of feed by ruminants.

The disadvantage of the invention is that in recent years there is a process of reviewing the use of formaldehyde products in animal husbandry, due to toxicity, as well as long-term residual effects. In addition, energy-intensive procedures are required when preparing the mixture.

A known method of processing grain for feed [16] and a method for processing concentrated feed for ruminants [17]. In the first case, repeated exposure to the grain is necessary (moistening with water with enzymes, heat treatment, conditioning, enrichment with yeast with succinic acid). In the second - the use of the chemical substance polyacrylamide, the effect of which on the animal organism is poorly understood.

The essence of our proposed method of processing grain feed for ruminant animals is that it is based on a decrease in the availability of starch for rumen microflora.

The proposed method consists in processing 35-45% of the crushed grain from the daily ration by mixing with a 1% solution of lactic acid in a ratio of wt.%: 75:25, followed by an exposure of 30 minutes at a temperature of 18-22 ° C, further mixing with the rest of the concentrated feed and feeding the animals.

An example of a specific implementation.

The feasibility of choosing the exposure time of crushed grain (barley) is confirmed by the method of visualization and laboratory studies. In the first series of laboratory studies to assess the effect of the dose of the solution on the structure of the crushed grain feed, it was found that at a dosage of 0.25-0.3 liters per 1 kg of crushed grain feed, the most optimal mixing and formation of friable, moistened feed mixture to a mixture moisture content of 20-30 % Subsequently, this leads to more uniform mixing and distribution with the untreated portion of the concentrated feed. The complete lack of exposure leads to the loss of small particles of food and not enough complete "absorption" of the solution. In the second series of laboratory studies using the nylon bag method (Table 1) on fistulated animals (red steppe bulls with chronic scar fistula), according to the assessment of different periods of exposure of crushed barley in distilled water (control) and a 0.5% lactic acid solution showed that The 30 minute period reduces the digestibility of the dry matter of the feed by 26.7%. A further increase in the exposure time or its complete absence practically does not change this value or leads to a slight increase in digestibility.

In the third series of laboratory studies using the nylon bag method (Table 2) on fistulated animals (red steppe bulls with chronic scar fistula), we studied the effect of the concentration of the solution on the degree of digestion of dry matter and starch of crushed grain feed.

The processing of crushed barley with a solution of lactic acid contributed to a decrease in the digestibility of dry matter by 26.7-32.2% 3 hours after incubation, it was lowest at 1.0% concentration of a solution of lactic acid. The digestibility of starch in this case, after 3 hours of incubation of sacs in the rumen, decreased by 21% compared with the control. A similar difference during processing with a 0.5% solution was 16.1%, with a 2.0% solution - 18.0%.

Further incubation of nylon bags with samples (6 hours) showed that the decomposition of starch in the control group increased significantly (more than 90%), while treating it with a 0.5% lactic acid solution reduced its hydrolysis by 5.8%, 1, 0% solution - by 11.7% (P≤0.05), 2.0% - by 2.1%.

The digestion rate of starch of crushed barley grain after processing with a 1.0% solution of lactic acid turned out to be lower by 3.3% compared to the control - FIG. one.

Thus, an analysis of the results of our three series of studies showed that when mixing 35-45% of crushed barley grain from the daily ration with 1% lactic acid solution in a ratio of 75:25 wt. % followed by exposure of the mixture with an exposure of 30 minutes at a temperature of 18-22 ° C, followed by mixing with the rest of the concentrated feed and feeding them the animals received the expected decrease in the digestibility of grain starch in the rumen, confirmed by examination in fistula animals (in situ) after 3 hourly incubation of sacs in the rumen is 21% lower compared to the control.

Information sources

1. Patent for invention RU No. 2269902. A method of processing wheat bran for feed. Published: February 20, 2006, Bull. No. 5.

2. Buslovskaya, L.K. Acid-base balance in the body of individuals of cattle, depending on the age of the animals / L.K. Buslovskaya // Agricultural biology. - 2002. - No. 2. - S. 82-85.

3. Kochanov, N.E. The role of feeding in the regulation of ion equilibrium in the body of ruminants / N.E. Kochanov // Ecological and physiological adaptations of agricultural animals. - Syktyvkar, 1985 .-- S. 10-16.

4. Marcilland, S. L-lactique et les acidoses D-lactiques chez J homme et les animaux domestiques / S. Marcilland, F. Schelcher, J. P. Braun // Pev. Med. Vet. - 1999. - V. 150, N 3. - P. 233-240.

5. Patent for invention RU No. 2134578. A method for the treatment of atony of the stomach of ruminants. Published: August 20, 1999

6. Patent for invention RU No. 2170088. A drug for the treatment of acute forms of rumen tympanum in ruminants and / or acute intestinal flatulence in horses. Published: July 10, 2001 Bull. No. 19.

7. Patent for the invention RU №22417782. A method for the treatment of scar acidosis. Published: May 10, 2011 Byul. No. 13.

8. Patent for invention RU No. 2419423. A method for the treatment of scar acidosis. Published: May 27, 2011 Byul. No. 15.

9. Sokolov, V.D. Pharmacological properties of lactic acid and preparations based on it / V.D. Sokolov / Materials of the seminar-presentation “Prospects and benefits of the use of veterinary drugs and food additives based on lactic acid”. - SPb., 2008 .-- S. 16-20.

10. Andreeva, N.L. A reasonable alternative to antibiotics / N.L. Andreeva / Materials of the All-Russian Congress of Veterinary Pharmacologists and Toxicologists “Effective and Safe Medicines in Veterinary Medicine”. - SPb., 2009 .-- S. 8-9.

11. Eveleva, V.V., Sokolov V.D., Andreeva N.L. Lactic acid and lactates, food additives and veterinary preparations. Storage and processing of agricultural raw materials. 2012. No1. S. 30-33.

12. Bikeev F.R., Seitov M.S., Bikteev Sh.M. The use of lactic acid in order to stabilize the biological parameters of cicatricial digestion of the Orenburg goat. News of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2008. V. 4. No. 20-1. S. 185-186.

Е.М., Nilsson М., Liljeberg-Elmstahl H.G.M., Molin G.,

I.M.E. On the effect of lactic acid on blood glucose and insulin responses to cereal products: Mechanistic studies in healthy subjects and in vitro. J. Cereal Sci. 2002; 36: 339-346.13.

E.M., Nilsson M., Liljeberg-Elmstahl HGM, Molin G.,

IME On the effect of lactic acid on blood glucose and insulin responses to cereal products: Mechanistic studies in healthy subjects and in vitro. J. Cereal Sci. 2002; 36: 339-346.

E., Sestili F., Lafiandra D.,

I.,

E. A novel wheat variety with elevated content of amylose increases resistant starch formation and may beneficially influence glycaemia in healthy subjects. Food Nutr. Res. 2011; 55: 7074: 1-7074: 8.fourteen.

E., Sestili F., Lafiandra D.,

I.,

E. A novel wheat variety with elevated content of amylose increases resistant starch formation and may beneficially influence glycaemia in healthy subjects. Food Nutr. Res. 2011; 55: 7074: 1-7074: 8.

15. Patent for invention RU No. 2468597. Protection of protein and starch in feed products from cleavage in the rumen. Published: December 10, 2012. Bull. Number 34.

16. Patent for invention RU No. 2130732. A method of processing grain for feed. Published: May 27, 1999

17. Patent for invention RU No. 2544077 A method for processing concentrated feed for ruminants. Published: March 10, 2015 Byul. Number 7.

- здесь и далее, Р≤0,05 в сравнении с контролем.

- hereinafter, P≤0.05 in comparison with the control.

Claims (1)

A method of processing grain feed for ruminants, comprising mixing 35-45% of crushed grain feed from the daily ration with 1% lactic acid solution in the ratio, wt. % 75:25, holding the resulting mixture with an exposure of 30 minutes at a temperature of 18-22 ° C, subsequent mixing with the rest of the concentrated feed and feeding them to animals.

Images