RU2506925C1 - Method for controlling digestive processes in ruminant's rumen - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to animal breeding, and may be used to increase the livestock productivity. The method provides controlling a high organic acid and starch feed schedule. The experiment with fistulated animals having experimental diet preliminary prescribed involves the incubation of weighted portions of neutral detergent fibre in rough feed in the rumen and the determination of a digestibility and concentration of rumen fluid hydrogen ions every hour for 9 hours to find an optimum hydrolysis of the feed ingredients. What is further used is the 5-fold feed schedule for young cattle growing.

EFFECT: method enables increasing the cellulose-lytic activity of the rumen bacteria by 4-5%, average daily gain by 6-8%, profitability of live weight productivity by 4-7%.

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Description

The invention relates to the livestock industry and can be used to increase the productivity of farm animals.

A known method of regulating the fermentation in the rumen of ruminants (prototype), including the introduction into the feed of a buffer mixture (salts), aimed at maintaining the optimal pH level of the scar medium, as well as methods of feeding feeds with a high content of organic acids, aimed at deoxidizing silage with alkaline preparations, removal of butyric acid from the silo by yeast and steam. The disadvantage of these methods is the high cost of the components of the buffer mixture and the high energy consumption when processing feed and mixing. In addition, when feeding cattle, its direct effect on the rumen microflora and the presence in the diet structure of feeds actively fermented by microorganisms (concentrated feeds) are not taken into account [1, 2].

The alkaline nature of the acid-base balance characteristic of ruminants is observed only in adult cows, as evidenced by high pH values of blood and urine. These features of the formation of acid-base relations in animals must be taken into account in zootechnical practice, since in ruminants the balance of these relations is more dependent on the physiological state of animals, conditions of feeding and feeding, than in other types of farm animals [3].

A relationship was found between feeding conditions, scar metabolism, and ion equilibrium in ruminants [4]. It was shown that with an increase in the proportion of concentrated feed in the diet, physicochemical parameters of the rumen content change and metabolic acidosis is observed, even in animals adapted to concentrates [5]. Shifts in the acid-base balance can occur when using diets of acidic feed, acute digestive disorders, during pregnancy, lactation, as well as in the case of high productivity [6, 7].

The high content of organic acids in the silage feed has an effect on the acidity level in the rumen of ruminants. With a significant consumption of silage, the pH can drop to the point at which the necessary conditions for the functioning of microorganisms are violated, namely, the digestibility of nutrients is reduced, and if silage is fed to animals in especially large quantities, acidosis quickly develops, acquiring a stable form. Known methods of treating scar acidosis [8, 9], which provide for the oral administration of sodium acetate and calcium acetate twice a day, previously dissolved in warm water, and shortening the recovery time of animals. These methods are aimed at treating already sick animals.

The objective of the invention is the regulation of the digestive processes in the rumen of ruminants and increase the productivity of cattle by regulating the hydrolysis of the constituent substances of the diet.

The essence of the proposed method for regulating the digestive processes in the rumen of ruminant animals lies in the fact that it is based on the process of incubating portions of neutral detergent fiber of coarse feed by placing them in the rumen of ruminant animals, previously transferred to the experimental diet, which is set taking into account the feeding of silage and concentrated feed high in organic acids and starch. The optimal level of hydrolysis of the feed components is determined, which makes it possible to increase the cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria by 4-5%, the average daily growth of animals by 6-8%, and the profitability of production by 4-7%.

The proposed method consists in the experimental incubation of nylon bags with a weighed portion of neutral detergent fiber in the rumen of animals with subsequent determination of digestibility every hour for 9 hours. The obtained result is used in the regulation of digestive processes by maintaining the optimal concentration of hydrogen ions based on various hydrolysis of dietary constituents.

Thus, the claimed method meets the condition of patentability of the invention of "novelty." The analysis of the prototype and other methods in this field of animal husbandry did not reveal signs similar to the claimed solution, which allows us to conclude that the condition "inventive step" is met. The invention is industrially applicable, as it can be used in cattle breeding to increase the productivity of young cattle.

An example of a specific implementation.

To test the effectiveness of this method, an in vivo experiment was conducted (on three fistulated gobies of a Kazakh white-headed breed) on the basis of the Testing Center of the All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding of the Russian Agricultural Academy and LLC Experimental, Orenburg Region, Orenburg Region. Samples of roughage (haygrain) were selected as experimental samples, of which neutral detergent fiber (NIR) was obtained by the method of neutral detergents. Digestibility was determined in dry feed samples. Before taking the sample, the feed samples were dried at 65 ° C to constant weight, dry samples were ground to a particle size of 1 mm. A portion of the feed was 0.5 g and placed in nylon bags (dried to constant weight at 65 ° C).

Silage-concentrate-hay type of feeding was used on the farm; accordingly, nine 0.5 g samples were prepared. Next, NDK samples were incubated by placing them in a rumen of a ruminant, previously transferred to a similar diet, which, in turn, was set taking into account Feeding regimen with a high content of organic acids and starch. Every hour, a bag was withdrawn for 9 hours, followed by drying to constant weight and determining the digestibility of the NIR and the pH of the scar fluid. The digestibility of the NIR feed was determined by the difference in the mass of the bag with the sample of feed before and after digestion and expressed as a percentage.

Within three days, 27 samples were incubated on a silo-concentrate-hay type of feeding under the condition of double feeding (Table 1), three-time (Table 2) and five-time (Table 3).

During the experiment, it was taken into account that double feeding is traditional when young cattle were raised in this farm during the stall period. At the same time, joint feeding of feeds with a high content of organic acids and starch-containing substances was practiced. Studies have shown that this leads to a significant and lasting decrease in the pH of scar fluid from the second to fifth hour and from the eighth hour after feeding the diet. A decrease in pH, in turn, reduces the activity of the cellulolytic microflora of the rumen (the most sensitive to changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions), which is reflected in a decrease in the digestibility of NDK: 3, 4, 5, and 9 hours after feeding.

Our proposed methods of feeding feeds containing a high amount of organic acids and starch (with three meals - the daily norm of these feeds are divided into two parts and fed together after 6-8 hours; with five meals - fed separately from each other, during the day), allowed identify the following changes.

As a result, it was found that separate feeding of feeds with a high content of organic acids and starchy substances during the day allows the most efficient use of the potential of the rumen microflora (NDK digestibility at the level of 23-28%, at a pH of the rumen fluid of 6.2-6.7 units, cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria by 4-5%). In turn, their joint feeding in half dose reduces the digestibility of NDK (by 3-4%).

The result obtained allowed us to determine the optimal level of nutrient hydrolysis when feeding feed with a high content of organic acids and starch-containing substances to ruminants.

The scheme of the scientific-production experiment provided for the formation by the method of analogues of three groups of 11-month-old bulls of Hereford breed (n = 10). The studies consisted of a preparatory period of 30 days and a main period of 120 days. According to the scheme of food research, experimental animals were asked during the day according to the traditional feeding scheme (group I) and the proposed options based on the results of experimental studies (group II - three times feeding, III - four times) (Table 4):

feeding scheme No. 1 (double feeding) - feed with a high content of organic acids (daily rate) + feed with a high content of starch (daily intake) - the first feeding, roughage (daily intake) - the second feeding;

feeding scheme No. 2 (three times feeding) - food with a high content of organic acids (50% of the daily allowance) + food with a high content of starch (50% of the daily allowance) - the first feeding, roughage (daily allowance) - the second feeding, food with a high content of organic acids (50% of the daily intake) + feed with a high content of starch (50% of the daily intake) - the third feeding;

feeding scheme No. 3 (five times feeding) - food with a high content of organic acids (50% of the daily allowance) - the first feeding, coarse food (50% of the daily allowance) - the second feeding, food with a high starch content (daily allowance) - the third feeding, food with a high content of organic acids (50% of the daily allowance) - the fourth feeding, roughage (50% of the daily allowance) - the fifth feeding.

Studies have shown that the difference in feed intake between groups depended on the feeding pattern. The animals of group III consumed most of the food, the group I less. The difference between them in the consumption of hay was 13.9%, silage - 9.9%. During the period of scientific and economic experience, the largest amount of nutrients consumed with food bulls of group III. So, in terms of consumption of dry matter, they exceeded peers from group I by 8.2%, digestible protein - by 7.3%>, crude fiber - by 11.0%. The concentration of exchange energy in the diets of the experimental groups was 9.6-9.7 MJ / kg CB. The difference in the consumption of dry matter, metabolic energy, crude and digestible protein, crude fiber in favor of young group III is due to the better adaptation of the rumen microflora to the intake of feed substances and the optimal environment created for the development of microorganisms as a result of directed hydrolysis of easily fermentable substances.

As shown by the data obtained as a result of monthly weighing of animals, an increase in the rate of feeding of feeds with a high content of organic and starchy substances to gobies in groups II and III affected the intensity of their live weight increase.

Animals selected for the scientific and economic experiment had approximately the same live weight, which at the beginning of the experiment averaged 317.5-319.1 kg in groups. However, as can be seen from the data obtained, a further change in the live weight of gobies of different groups was not the same (Table 5).

Young animals of group III showed a tendency to superior to peers from other experimental groups. By the age of 14 months, his live weight in the group average was higher than in animals of groups I and II by 5.6 and 3.6 kg, respectively. Over the next 2 months, the difference in this indicator between the groups increased, and at the age of 16 months the superiority of gobies of group III over peers from groups I and II was 9.0 (P <0.05) and 5.4 kg.

Thus, by the end of the experiment, animals of group III reached the greatest live weight. Compared to the young growth of groups I and II, the superiority in this indicator was 1.3 and 2.1%.

The absolute increase obtained over the entire period of the experiment in group III was higher than that in groups I and II by 7.3 (P <0.05) and 3.4%, respectively. There was a slight increase in live weight gain with the age of the animals. So, in group I, the absolute growth rate over the period from 12 to 16 months of age increased by 7.8% (P <0.05), in group II the increase was 5.5%, in group III - 6.1%. This was due to the adaptation of the digestive system in growing young animals to feed intake according to the studied schemes and more efficient use of nutrients. A similar pattern was observed with respect to the value of daily average growths. The relative growth rate of animals of group III throughout the entire experimental period was higher compared with peers of groups I and II. For the period from 12 to 16 months of age, the advantage was 1.7 and 0.7%, respectively.

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of the feed feeding scheme provided for the third group contributes to an increase in calves growth (by 6-8%), their achievement of greater live weight and relative growth rate by the end of the experimental period.

As the calculations showed, the indicators of economic efficiency of growing bulls of the experimental groups were not the same (Table 6).

Production costs for growing in group III were slightly higher than in groups I and II - the difference between groups I and III was a little more than 1%. Since the diets in all the experimental groups were the same, differing only in the feeding scheme, only the salary accrued for the obtained increase affected the value of production costs.

The cost of one centner of growth in calves of group III, due to the greater absolute increase in live weight, was lower than that of peers of groups I and II by 5.9 and 2.8%. When realizing the gain, the amount of revenue and profit in group III were higher than in I and II by 238.9 and 114.9 rubles. and 209.4 and 100.7 rubles. respectively. The level of profitability in group III was 22.8%, which 4-7% exceeded the same indicator in the I and II experimental groups.

Thus, the best result, from the point of view of economic efficiency, in the experiments was achieved in the III experimental group using the method of separate feeding of feeds with a high content of organic acids and starchy substances.

Information sources

1. Patent for the invention "Method of regulating fermentation in the rumen of ruminants" No. 2192143 from 12/27/2000 (prototype).

2. Galkina T.P. Improving the quality of the main feed before feeding / T.P. Galkina, M.A. Krahotin // http://www.yariks.info/arhive.php?c=33&pc=49&m=120.

3. Buslovskaya L.K. The acid-base balance in the body of individuals of cattle, depending on the age of the animals / L.K. Buslovskaya // Agricultural Biology. - 2002. - No. 2. - S. 82-85.

4. Kochanov N.E. The role of feeding in the regulation of ionic equilibrium in the body of ruminants / N.E. Kochanov // Ecological and physiological adaptations of agricultural animals. - Syktyvkar, 1985 .-- S.10-16.

5. Marcilland S. L-lactique et les acidoses D-lactiques chez J homme et les animaux domestiques / S. Marcilland, F. Schchelcher, J.P. Braun // Pev. Med. Vet. - 1999. - V. 150, N3. - P. 233-240.

6. Romanov D.V. Some indices of cicatricial digestion in buns with a concentrated type of feeding / D.V. Romanov, L.S. Ilyasova, N.T. Vinnikov // Problems S.-kh. production in changing economic and environmental conditions. - Smolensk, 1999 .-- S.25-26.

7. Vasilieva EA The effect of silage from Eastern goatskin on cicatricial digestion in cows / E.A. Vasilieva, A.D. Kansamun, A.A. Khodyrev, G.M. Volodkina // Zootechny. - 2006. - No. 8. - S.23-24.

8. Application for the invention “A method for the treatment of scar acidosis” No. 2417782 C1 of 05/10/2011

9. Application for the invention "A method for the treatment of acidosis of the scar" No. 2419423 C1 dated 05/27/2011

Table 1 Changes in double feeding Sample incubation time, h Indicator Digestibility NDK,% pH one 22 ± 0.12 6.4 ± 0.05 2 20 ± 0.22 6.1 ± 0.02 3 19 ± 0.14 5.8 ± 0.10 four 18 ± 0.12 5.9 ± 0.08 5 18 ± 0.25 6.1 ± 0.09 6 19 ± 0.21 6.3 ± 0.05 7 22 ± 0.23 6.5 ± 0.06 8 21 ± 0.15 6.1 ± 0.03 9 19 ± 0.11 5.9 ± 0.11

table 2 Change in indicators with three meals Sample incubation time, h Indicator Digestibility NDK,% pH one 24 ± 0.12 6.6 ± 0.03 2 23 ± 0.21 6.5 ± 0.05 3 19 ± 0.14 6.1 ± 0.08 four 20 ± 0.11 6.1 ± 0.08 5 21 ± 0.21 6.2 ± 0.09 6 22 ± 0.13 6.4 ± 0.03 7 19 ± 0.12 6.1 ± 0.05 8 18 ± 0.15 6.3 ± 0.06 9 20 ± 0.21 6.5 ± 0.05

Table 3 Changes in five-time feeding Sample incubation time, h Indicator Digestibility NDK,% pH one 27 ± 0.13 6.7 ± 0.06 2 25 ± 0.22 6.5 ± 0.03 3 23 ± 0.012 6.2 ± 0.07 four 28 ± 0,021 6.7 ± 0.06 5 25 ± 0.16 6.5 ± 0.08 6 23 ± 0.014 6.3 ± 0.04 7 24 ± 0.18 6.5 ± 0.05 8 27 ± 0.22 6.6 ± 0.08 9 25 ± 0.12 6.7 ± 0.06

Table 4 Scheme of physiological experience Group Number of animals Age of statement on experience, months The duration of the period, days preparatory - 30 main - 30 I 3 12 OR Feeding Scheme No. 1 II 3 12 OR Feeding Scheme No. 2 III 3 12 OR Feeding Scheme No. 3

Table 5 Dynamics of live weight of experimental animals, kg Age, month Group I II III 12 318.0 ± 2.76 317.5 ± 2.67 319.1 ± 2.81 13 343.8 ± 2.79 344.7 ± 2.70 347.1 ± 2.82 fourteen 370.7 ± 2.83 372.7 ± 2.72 376.3 ± 2.89 fifteen 397.8 ± 2.82 400.5 ± 2.72 404.9 ± 2.95 16 425.6 ± 2.88 429.2 ± 2.76 434.6 ± 2.99 * Note * P <0.05

Table 6 Economic efficiency of growing young animals, rubles / goal. Group Indicator I II III Absolute gain, kg 107.6 111.7 115.5 Total costs 2814.8 2830.1 2844.3 including feed 1342.8 1342.8 1342.8 Cost of 1 t of growth 2616,0 2533.7 2462.6 Revenue 3253.8 3377.8 3492.7 Profit 439.0 547.7 648.4 Profitability level,% 15.6 19,4 22.8

Claims (1)

A method of regulating the digestive processes in the rumen of ruminants, including the regulation of the feeding regime of feeds with a high content of organic acids and starch, characterized in that when conducting an experiment on fistula animals, incubation of samples of neutral detergent coarse fiber in the rumen, previously transferred to the experimental diet , followed by determination of the digestibility and concentration of hydrogen ions of the scar fluid every hour for 9 hours to identify the optimum the level of hydrolysis of the feed components, in the future use a 5-fold feeding mode for growing young cattle, which allows to increase the cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria by 4-5%, the average daily increase in animals by 6-8%, the profitability of live weight production by 4- 7%