RU2643225C2 - Vibrizolated foundation of industrial building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to foundations of buildings and structures in seismically dangerous regions. Vibration-insulated foundation of a production building contains the frame of a building with a base, bearing walls with fences in the form of a floor and a ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers, containing a frame in which the sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above the noisy equipment. Base load-bearing slabs are equipped in the places of their fixation to the bearing walls of the building with a system of spatial vibration isolation consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators, perceiving vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertical vibration isolators receiving horizontal static and dynamic loads. Floor in rooms is made on elastic base and comprises mounting plate, made of reinforced vibration damping concrete material, which is set on the base plate of an inter-floor bridging with cavities through layers of vibro-damping material and hydro-insulating material with a gap relative to bearing walls of the shop. Cavities of the base plate are filled with vibration damping material, for example, foamed polymer. Elastic base of the floor is made of a rigid porous vibration-absorbing material, for example an elastomer or polyurethane, with a degree of porosity in the range of optimum values: 30÷45 %, or from needle-punched mats of “Vibrosil” type on the basis of silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber, or from hard vibration damping materials, for example a plastic, or from soundproofing plates on the basis of a glass staple fiber of the type “Noisy” with a material density of 60÷80 kg/m³. Ceiling is made of acoustic hanging, consisting of a rigid frame suspended from the ceiling of a production building with sound absorbing material inside the frame, wrapped with acoustically transparent material, and a perforated sheet is attached to the frame, the frame being formed in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with the dimensions of the sides in plan B×C, ratio of which lies in the optimal range of values B:C = 1: 1…2:1, and the optimal size ratios must also be observed: D – from the suspension point of the frame to either side of it and E is the thickness of the layer of sound absorbing material, the ratio of these dimensions being in the optimum range of values: E:D = 0.1…0.5, and in a skeleton fixtures are established. Perforated sheet of a false ceiling has the following perforation parameters: perforation diameter – 3…7 mm, percent perforation 10…15 %. Base of the building frame is made with vibration isolation of the reinforced concrete slab, which consists of interconnected reinforced concrete beams in the base of the building, which includes at least four vibration isolators installed between the metal plate and a reinforced concrete beam located at the base of the building, made in one piece with at least eight ribbon foundation blocks, which are peculiar “traps”. Each of the metal plates is installed on at least three concrete pillars-stops, and between each ribbon foundation blocks and each of the reinforced concrete beams are installed sand pads, and under the vibration isolators are fixed strain gauges, which control the draft of the vibration isolators. Sand pads are installed in metal detachable clips. Each of the vibration isolators consists of rigidly interconnected rubber plates: the upper and lower, in which through holes are made, located on the surface of the vibration isolator in staggered order, and in the form of vibration isolators are made square or rectangular, and their lateral faces are made in the form of curved surfaces of the n-th order, providing an equal frequency of the vibration isolation system as a whole, herewith the holes have a shape providing equifrequency of the vibration isolator. Each of the vibration isolators consists of a base, an elastic mesh element and washers interacting with the bushings, the base being in the form of a plate with fastening holes, and mesh elastic element with its lower part rests on the base and is fixed by the lower washer, rigidly connected to the base, and upper part is fixed by an upper pressure washer, rigidly connected to a centrally located ring, enclosed by a coaxially arranged ring rigidly connected to the base. Density of the mesh structure of the elastic mesh element is in the optimal range of values: 1.2 g/cm³ ÷ 2.0 g/cm³. Wire material of elastic mesh elements is EI-708 steel, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0.09 mm ÷ 0.15 mm.

EFFECT: technical result consists in increasing the seismic resistance of a production building.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the foundations of buildings and structures in earthquake-prone regions.

Known low-noise structures for industrial buildings in the form of acoustic cladding and piece sound absorbers, the cavities of which are filled with sound-absorbing material [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Currently, fibrous sound absorbers are the most common in construction practice.

The disadvantages of the known designs of sound absorbers are their relatively low efficiency at low and medium frequencies, and they do not meet the increased requirements for the design of premises and the seismic resistance of structures under construction.

Known low noise earthquake-resistant industrial buildings containing a building frame with a base, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above the noisy equipment [6, 7, 8].

Their disadvantage is the relatively low noise attenuation efficiency at high frequencies due to the absence of circuit designs containing Helmholtz resonators in structural elements.

Known low noise earthquake-resistant industrial buildings containing basic load-bearing floor slabs, which are equipped at the places of their attachment to the load-bearing walls of the building with a system of spatial vibration isolation, consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators that absorb vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators that accept horizontal and static and dynamic load [9, 10].

The disadvantages of the known building designs are their relatively low efficiency at low and medium frequencies, and they do not meet the increased requirements for the seismic resistance of structures under construction.

The closest technical solution to the technical nature and the achieved result is a low noise earthquake-resistant industrial building according to RF patent No. 129125 [11] for a utility model, the base of the building frame of which is made with vibration isolation of a reinforced concrete slab consisting of interconnected reinforced concrete beams at the base of the building, which includes at least four vibration isolators installed between a metal plate and a reinforced concrete beam located at the base of a building made for one a bed with at least eight tape foundation blocks, which are a kind of "trap", and each of the metal plates is mounted on at least three reinforced concrete pillars, emphasis, and sandbags are installed between each tape foundation blocks and each of the concrete beams, and under the vibration isolators strain gauge sensors are fixed that control the sediment of vibration isolators, while sand cushions are installed in detachable metal clips.

The disadvantages of this earthquake-resistant industrial building are the relatively low noise reduction efficiency at low and medium frequencies, as well as the relatively low damping at resonant frequencies in vibration isolation systems, and as a result, the relatively low seismic resistance.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of vibration isolation and sound attenuation at low and medium frequencies by using a suspended acoustic ceiling, as well as increased damping in floor slabs and the base of a building frame with vibration isolation of a reinforced concrete slab.

EFFECT: increased seismic resistance of an industrial building.

This is achieved by the fact that in a low noise earthquake-resistant industrial building containing a building frame with a base, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located , and installed above the noisy equipment, the basic load-bearing floor slabs are equipped in the places of their attachment to the load-bearing walls of the building with a spatial vibration isolation system consisting of horizons of completely located vibration isolators that accept vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators that take horizontal static and dynamic loads, while the floor in the rooms is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration-damping material, which is installed on the base plate floors with cavities through layers of vibration damping material and waterproofing material with a gap tnositelno bearing walls industrial premise, wherein the baseplate cavity filled vibration damping material, such as foamed polymer.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the industrial building, figure 2 is a section of the floor of the building, figure 3 is the design of the suspended ceiling, figure 4 is a diagram of the vibration insulation of the reinforced concrete slab at the base of the building, figure 5 is a General view of the vibration isolator, Fig.6 is a section AA of the vibration isolator, Fig.7 shows a General view of the vibration isolator washer mesh, Fig.8 is its frontal section.

Low-noise earthquake-resistant industrial building (figure 1) contains the building frame with the base (figure 4), window 9 and door 10 openings and load-bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 4 with fences 5, 6 (floor and ceiling), which are lined with sound-absorbing designs, as well as piece sound absorbers 7 and 8, containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above the noisy equipment 11.

The floor structure on an elastic base (Fig. 2) contains a mounting plate 12 made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on the base plate 15 of the floor with cavities 16 through layers of vibration damping material 14 and waterproofing material 13 with a gap 17 relative to the bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 4 of the industrial building. In order to ensure effective vibration isolation of the mounting plate 12 in all directions, the layers of the vibration damping material 14 and the waterproofing material 13 are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the supporting structures of the walls 1, 2, 3, 4 and the base supporting plate 15 of the floor.

To increase the effectiveness of vibration isolation and earthquake resistance of the building, the basic supporting slabs 15 of the floor (Fig. 2 shows the slab 15 of the floor for only one floor of the building and on one side of the supporting walls 1, 2, 3, 4) are equipped with a system in places of their attachment to the bearing walls of the building spatial vibration isolation.

Vibration insulated foundation consists of horizontally positioned vibration isolators 26 and 28, perceiving vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators 27, perceiving horizontal static and dynamic loads. A diagram of vibration isolators made of elastomer is shown in FIGS. 5-6. Each of the vibration isolators 26, 27, 28 consists of rubber plates rigidly interconnected: upper 38 and lower 39 (Figs. 5 and 6), in which through holes 40 are made, located on the surface of the vibration isolator in a checkerboard pattern. The shape of the vibration isolators is made square or rectangular, and their side faces can be made in the form of curved surfaces of the n-th order, ensuring the uniform frequency of the vibration isolation system as a whole. The holes 40 have a cross-sectional shape that provides equal frequency vibration isolation.

It is possible to use a washer mesh vibration isolator (Fig. 7), which contains a base 41 in the form of a plate with mounting holes 42, a mesh elastic element 47, supported by the lower part on the base 41 and fixed by a lower washer 46, rigidly connected to the base, and fixed by the upper part the upper pressure washer 45, rigidly connected to the centrally located ring 44, covered by a coaxially located ring 43, rigidly connected to the base 41.

The density of the mesh structure of the elastic mesh element (Fig. 8) is in the optimal range of values: 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ , moreover, the material of the wire of the elastic mesh elements is steel EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm. The density of the mesh structure of the outer layers of the elastic mesh element is 1.5 times higher than the density of the mesh structure of the inner layers of the elastic mesh element. The elastic mesh element 47 may be made combined of a mesh frame filled with an elastomer, for example polyurethane.

During the construction of an earthquake-resistant building, the formwork of a reinforced concrete monolithic wall is based on sand cushions 37 enclosed in a collapsible metal cage. After hardening the concrete and removing the formwork between the protrusions of the "traps" 31 and 32, a vibration isolator 33 is assembled. After the concrete in the beam 29 has gained sufficient strength, the metal cage is opened and the sand is removed from the “cushion”, and the beam 29 is supported by the vibration isolator 33. Subsequently, as the building is raised, the vibration isolator 33 is compressed. The dismantling and replacement of the vibration isolator 33 is carried out using jacks (not shown in the drawing).

When installing the building vibration protection system in this way, the following provisions must be observed:

- vibration isolators 33 must be mounted already in the initial stage of construction, in connection with which they must be prefabricated and tested;

- the vibration isolators 33 and the strain gauge sensors 36 should be protected from the effects of adverse natural factors during the construction period;

- the height of the sand cushion 37 is assigned based on the settlement of the vibration isolators 33 under load and over time.

- to adjust the gap between the reinforced concrete beam 29 and the "trap", at least two removable metal plates 1 cm thick are installed on the latter.

Vibration isolator washer mesh works as follows.

With vibrations of the reinforced concrete beam 29 located on the upper pressure plate 45, the elastic mesh element 47 accepts both vertical and horizontal loads, thereby weakening the dynamic effect on the beam 29 and the base 30 of the building, i.e. spatial vibration protection and shock and shock protection are provided both from the side of the base 30 of the building and from the reinforced concrete beam 29.

To increase the efficiency of sound insulation and sound absorption in workshops located under the floor, the cavities 16 are filled with vibration damping material, for example, foamed polymer, for example polyethylene or polypropylene, and walls 1, 2, 3, 4 are lined with sound-absorbing structures. As sound-absorbing material of sound-absorbing structures, slabs made of rockwool basalt-based mineral wool or URSA-type mineral wool or P-75 basalt wool or glass-wool lining are used, and the sound-absorbing element is acoustically lined over its entire surface transparent material (not shown in the drawing), for example, fiberglass type EZ-100 or polymer type "Poviden."

As a sound-absorbing material, a rigid porous material can also be used, for example, foam aluminum or cermets, or a shell rock with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45%. As a sound-absorbing material, a material in the form of crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, for example, elastomer, or polyurethane, or plastic compound can be used, moreover, the size of the fractions of the crumb lies in the optimal range of values: 0.3 ÷ 2.5 mm (not shown in the drawing).

Suspended acoustic ceiling (figure 3) consists of a rigid frame 19, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions of the sides in the plan B × C, the ratio of which lies in the optimal range of values B: C = 1: 1 ... 2: 1, suspended to the ceiling of the production building using hangers 21 having brackets 22 for laying power wires to the fixtures 24 installed in the frame 19. The frame is fixed to the ceiling using dowels-screws 23. A perforated sheet 20 is attached to the frame, through which a layer of acoustic A layer of sound-absorbing material 18 is located. When installing an acoustic ceiling, the optimum size ratios must be observed: D - from the point of suspension of the frame to either side and E - thickness of the layer of sound-absorbing material, and the ratio of these sizes should be in the optimal range of values: E: D = 0.1 ... 0.5. The perforated sheet 20 has the following perforation parameters: the diameter of the perforation is 3 ... 7 mm, the percentage of perforation is 10% ... 15%, and the shape of the perforation can be made in the form of holes of round, triangular, square, rectangular or diamond-shaped cross-section (square holes are shown in the drawing ) In the case of non-circular holes, the maximum diameter of a circle inscribed in a polygon should be considered as a conditional diameter.

Figure 4 presents a diagram of a vibration-insulated foundation in the form of a reinforced concrete slab consisting of interconnected reinforced concrete beams 29 at the base of the building, which is an option of vibration protection without jacks and includes at least four rubber vibration isolators 33 (Figs. 5 and 6), installed between the metal plate 34 and the reinforced concrete beam 29 located in the base 30 of the building, made in one piece with at least eight strip foundation blocks 31 and 32, which are a kind of "traps", and each giving of metal plates 34 is mounted on at least three reinforced concrete pillars-supports 35. Between each strip foundation blocks 31 and 32 and each of the reinforced concrete beams 29 sand cushions 37 are installed, and strain gauge sensors 36 are mounted under the rubber vibration isolators 33 to monitor the settlement of vibration isolators 33 The sand cushions 37 are mounted in split metal clips.

Each of the vibration isolators 33 (FIGS. 5 and 6) consists of rubber plates rigidly interconnected: upper 38 and lower 39, in which through holes 40 are made, located on the surface of the vibration isolator in a checkerboard pattern. The shape of the vibration isolators 33 is made square or rectangular, and their side faces can be made in the form of curved surfaces of the n-th order, ensuring the uniform frequency of the vibration isolation system as a whole. The holes 40 have a cross-sectional shape that provides equal frequency vibration isolator 33.

It is possible that inside the centrally located and axisymmetric rings 44 and 43, mounted respectively on the upper thrust washer 45 and the lower washer 46, rigidly connected to the base 41 so that the lower ring 43 covers the upper ring 44, a damping element in the form of a screw a coil spring, the turns of which are covered with a layer of vibration damping material, such as polyurethane (not shown in the drawing).

The noise reduction of an industrial building is as follows.

Sound energy from the equipment 11 located in the room falls on the layers of sound-absorbing material of sound-absorbing structures, which are lined with load-bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 4 with fences 5, 6 (floor 6 and ceiling 5), as well as piece sound absorbers 7 and 8, containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located and which are installed above noisy equipment 11. The transition of sound energy into heat (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of the sound absorber, which are a model of Helmholtz resonators, where energy occur due to friction with the driving frequency of the oscillating mass of air located in the resonator neck, the neck of the wall itself, has the form of branched networks pore absorber. The perforation coefficient of the perforated wall is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25. To prevent the eruption of a soft sound absorber, a fiberglass fabric, for example, of the EZ-100 type, is located between the sound absorber and the perforated wall.

Sound waves propagating in the production room interact with cavities filled with sound absorber.

The interaction of sound waves with active cavities filled with a non-combustible sound absorber leads to sound attenuation in the high-frequency range, and due to the presence of cavities, the sound absorption surface increases and, as a result, the sound absorption coefficient increases.

When installing vibroactive equipment on plate 12, two-stage vibration protection occurs due to vibration damping inclusions in the mass of plate 12 itself, as well as due to a layer of vibration damping material 14, which can be used as: Vibrosil needle-punched mats based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber, material from solid vibration-damping materials, for example plastic compound, from soundproof plates based on glass staple fiber of the “Shumostop” type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ .

False acoustic ceiling works as follows.

Suspension of a suspended acoustic ceiling is carried out on suspensions 21, which are attached to the ceiling using dowels-screws 23, and the other end is fixed to the frame 19. Sound waves propagating in the production room interact with the cavities filled with the sound absorber.

The interaction of sound waves with active cavities filled with a non-combustible sound absorber leads to sound attenuation in the high-frequency range, and due to the presence of cavities, the sound absorption surface increases and, as a result, the sound absorption coefficient increases.

An advantage of the invention is its versatility of application for various production facilities having a wide variety of noise characteristics. In this case, it should be noted the relative ease of tuning the characteristics to the required frequency range of noise reduction by changing the length of the suspension and its economically feasible efficiency (meaning reducing noise to sanitary standards). In addition, the implementation of the sound absorber of non-combustible materials makes the design fireproof.

Information sources

1. Kochetov O.S., Sazhin B.S. Noise and vibration reduction in production: theory, calculation, technical solutions. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, 2001 .-- 319 p. (Fig. P. III 10, p. 263).

2. Kochetov OS Textile vibroacoustics. Textbook for universities. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, “Sovezh Bevo” group 2003. - 191 p. (Fig. A.2, p. 176).

3. Kochetov OS Laboratory workshop on industrial sanitation. Textbook for universities. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, “Sovezh Bevo” group 2004. - 168 p. (Fig.6.6, p. 120).

4. Kochetov O.S. Sound-absorbing structures to reduce noise in the workplace of industrial premises. The journal "Occupational Safety in Industry", No. 11, 2010, pp. 46-50. (fig. 1; p. 48 and fig. 2; p. 48)

5. Kochetov O.S. Sound-absorbing construction of the workshop // Patent for invention No. 2414565. Published 03/20/2011. Bulletin of inventions No. 8.

6. Kochetov O.S. The method of acoustic protection of the operator // Patent for invention No. 2431022. Published on October 10, 2011. Bulletin of inventions No. 28.

7. Kochetov O.S., Stareeva M.O. Production room with low noise // Patent for invention No. 2425931. Published on August 10th, 2011. Bulletin of inventions No. 22.

8. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu. Earthquake-resistant building // Utility Model Patent No. 120447. Published on September 20, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 26.

9. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu., Avgutsevichs A.Kh. Earthquake-resistant construction // Utility Model Patent No. 123433. Published on December 27th, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 36.

10. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu., Avgutsevichs A.Kh. Earthquake-resistant brick wall panel // Utility Model Patent No. 118331. Published on July 20, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 20.

11. Durnev R.A., Ivanova O.Yu., Kochetov O.S. Low noise earthquake-resistant industrial building // Utility Model Patent No. 129125. Published 06/20/2013. Bulletin of inventions No. 17.

Claims (2)

1. Vibro-insulated foundation of an industrial building, comprising a building frame with a base, load-bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located and installed above noisy equipment, the base bearing floor slabs are equipped in places of their attachment to the bearing walls of the building with a spatial vibration isolation system consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators, perceiving vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators, perceiving horizontal static and dynamic loads, while the floor in the rooms is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on the base plate of the interfloor overlapping with cavities through layers of vibration damping material and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the bearing x the walls of the production room, and the cavities of the base plate are filled with vibration damping material, such as foamed polymer, the elastic floor base is made of a rigid porous vibration-absorbing material, such as elastomer or polyurethane, with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30 ÷ 45%, or needle-punched Vibrosil mats based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber, or from solid vibration-damping materials, such as plastic compound, or from sound-insulating boards based on a glass staple fiber of the “Shumostop” type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ , and the ceiling is made of acoustic suspended, consisting of a rigid frame, suspended from the ceiling of a production building with a sound-absorbing material located inside the frame, wrapped in an acoustically transparent material, and to a perforated sheet is attached to the frame, the frame being made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with side dimensions in the B × C plane, the ratio of which lies in the optimal range of values B: C = 1: 1 ... 2: 1, and optimal size ratios should also be observed: D - from the suspension point of the frame to any of its sides and E - the thickness of the layer of sound-absorbing material, and the ratio of these sizes should be in the optimal range of values: E: D = 0.1 ... 0.5, and fixtures are installed in the frame, while the perforated sheet of the suspended ceiling has the following perforation parameters: perforation diameter - 3 ... 7 mm, perforation percentage 10% ... 15%, the base of the building frame is made with vibration isolation of a reinforced concrete slab consisting of interconnected iron concrete beams at the base of the building, which includes at least four vibration isolators installed between the metal plate and the reinforced concrete beam located at the base of the building, made in one piece with at least eight tape foundation blocks, which are kind of “traps”, and each of metal plates mounted on at least three reinforced concrete pillars, emphasis, and between each tape foundation blocks and each of the reinforced concrete beams sand cushions are installed and strain gauge sensors are fixed under the vibration isolators, which monitor the sediment of the vibration isolators, while the sand cushions are installed in detachable metal clips, each of the vibration isolators consisting of rubber plates rigidly interconnected: upper and lower, through holes made on the surface of the vibration isolator in a checkerboard pattern, and in shape the vibration isolators are made square or rectangular, and their side faces are made in the form of curved surfaces of the nth order, providing which monitor the equal frequency of the vibration isolation system as a whole, while the openings have a cross-sectional shape that ensures equal frequency of the vibration isolator, characterized in that each of the vibration isolators consists of a base, an elastic mesh element and washers interacting with the bushings, and the base is made in the form of a plate with mounting holes and the elastic mesh element with its lower part rests on the base and is fixed with the lower washer rigidly connected to the base, and the upper part is fixed with the upper pressure washer Rigidly connected to a centrally arranged ring covered coaxially arranged ring, is rigidly connected to the base, wherein the crosslinking density of the elastic mesh member is in the optimal range of values: 1.2 g / cm ³ ÷ 2,0 g / cm ^3, wherein the wire material elastic mesh elements - steel grade EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0.09 mm ÷ 0.15 mm. 2. Low-noise earthquake-resistant industrial building according to claim 1, characterized in that inside the centrally located and axisymmetric rings mounted respectively on the upper pressure washer and lower washer, rigidly connected to the base so that the lower ring covers the upper ring, an additional damping element is located in the form of a coil spring, the turns of which are coated with a layer of vibration damping material, such as polyurethane.

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