RU2641335C2 - Kochetov's seismic-resistant building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: in seismic-resistant building containing the vibration-isolated foundation, the horizontal and vertical bearing structures with the vibration isolation system, the internal partitions, the building roof, as well as the door and window openings with reinforcement; the base bearing floor slabs in the points of their attachment to the bearing building walls are equipped with the spatial vibration isolation system consisting of horizontally arranged vibration isolators perceiving vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically arranged vibration isolators perceiving horizontal static and dynamic loads. The floor in the premises is made on an elastic foundation and includes a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is mounted on the base intermediate floor slab with cavities through the layers of the vibration damping material and the waterproofing material with the gap relative to the bearing walls of an industrial premise. The base slab cavities are filled with a vibration damping material, such as foamed polymer, and each of the vibration isolators comprises the rigidly interlinked rubber plates, the upper and the lower ones, in which through openings are made, arranged on the isolator surface in the staggered order; the vibration isolators are made of a square or a rectangular shape, and their side faces are made as curved surfaces of the n-th order, ensuring the equifrequency of the vibration isolation system in general. The openings in the cross-section have the shape ensuring the vibration isolator equifrequency. Each of the vibration isolators is provided with vibration-damping inserts placed in the openings of each vibration isolator configured as a cylindrical damping member, to the ends of which the planar resilient stops are rigidly connected, and the inner cavity is filled with a layer of vibration damping material, e.g. sand. The vibration damping layer density is less than the density of the outer cylindrical shell ring of the damping element. In the cavities of the base plates of the interfloor overlap, the vibration damping inserts are used as vibration damping material, made in the form of a cylinder of rigid vibration damping material, inside of which axially symmetric and coaxial resilient core is placed, along the axis of which rigidly fixed with step, times along the entire length of the cavity damping disks. The end discs are fixed "flush" with a cylinder of vibration damping material, the ends of which are in turn "flush" with the side surfaces of the base plate.

EFFECT: strengthening the construction of buildings or structures, reducing their vulnerability when exposed to wind loads and earthquakes, improving their seismic safety, durability and residual life.

9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the reconstruction, restoration or construction of earthquake-resistant buildings and structures.

Known low-noise structures for industrial buildings in the form of acoustic cladding and piece sound absorbers, the cavities of which are filled with sound-absorbing material [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Currently, fibrous sound absorbers are the most common in construction practice.

The disadvantages of the known designs of sound absorbers are their relatively low efficiency at low and medium frequencies, and they do not meet the increased requirements for the design of the premises and the seismic resistance of the structures being constructed.

Known low noise earthquake-resistant industrial buildings containing a building frame with a base, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above the noisy equipment [6, 7, 8].

Their disadvantage is the relatively low noise attenuation efficiency at high frequencies, due to the lack of circuit designs containing Helmholtz resonators in structural elements.

Known low noise earthquake-resistant industrial buildings containing basic load-bearing floor slabs, which are equipped at the places of their attachment to the load-bearing walls of the building with a system of spatial vibration isolation, consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators that absorb vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators that accept horizontal and static and dynamic load [9, 10].

The disadvantages of the known building designs are their relatively low efficiency at low and medium frequencies, and they do not meet the increased requirements for the seismic resistance of structures under construction.

The closest technical solution to the technical nature and the achieved result is a low noise earthquake-resistant industrial building according to RF patent No. 129125 [11] for a utility model, the base of the building frame of which is made with vibration isolation of a reinforced concrete slab consisting of interconnected reinforced concrete beams at the base of the building, which includes at least four vibration isolators installed between a metal plate and a reinforced concrete beam located at the base of a building made at the same time a bed with at least eight strip foundation blocks, which are a kind of "trap", and each of the metal plates is mounted on at least three reinforced concrete pillars, emphasis, and sandbags are installed between each strip foundation blocks and each of the reinforced concrete beams and under the vibration isolators are fixed strain gauge sensors that monitor the sediment of the vibration isolators, while the sand cushions are installed in detachable metal clips.

The disadvantages of this earthquake-resistant industrial building are the relatively low noise reduction efficiency at low and medium frequencies, as well as the relatively low damping at resonant frequencies in vibration isolation systems, and as a result, the relatively low seismic resistance.

EFFECT: increased seismic resistance of a building by increasing damping in floor slabs and the base of a building frame with vibration isolation of a reinforced concrete slab.

This is achieved by the fact that in an earthquake-resistant building containing a vibration-insulated foundation, horizontal and vertical load-bearing structures with a vibration isolation system, internal partitions, the roof of the building, as well as door and window openings with reinforcement, basic load-bearing floor slabs are provided in places of their attachment to the load-bearing walls of the building spatial vibration isolation system, consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators, perceiving vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located x vibration isolators that accept horizontal static and dynamic loads, while the floor in the rooms is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on the base plate of the floor with cavities through layers of vibration damping material and waterproofing material with a gap with respect to bearing walls of the production room, and the cavity of the base plate is filled with vibration damping material, for example polymer, and in the cavities of the base plate of the interfloor overlap there are vibration-damping inserts made in the form of a cylinder of a rigid vibration-damping material, inside of which an elastic core is axisymmetrically and coaxially located, along the axis of which are damped disks rigidly fixed in increments of a multiple of the length of the cavity, while the extreme the disks are fixed “flush” with a cylinder of vibration-damping material, the ends of which, in turn, are “flush” with the side surfaces of the base plate.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of the earthquake-resistant construction of the building, Fig.2 is a section of the floor of the building, Fig.3 is a diagram of the vibration isolation of the basement at the base of the building, Fig.4 is a diagram of the vibration insulation of the reinforced concrete slab at the base of the building, Fig. 5 is a general view of the vibration isolator, FIG. 6 is a section AA of the vibration isolator, FIG. 7 is a general view of the vibration damping insert into the holes of the vibration isolator, FIG. 8 is a variant of the vibration damping insert into the holes of the vibration isolator, FIG. 9 is a diagram of the vibration damping insert in the base cavity slabs.

The earthquake-resistant building (Fig. 1) contains a vibration-insulated foundation 1, horizontal 3 and vertical 2 load-bearing structures with a vibration isolation system, internal partitions 4, the roof of the building 5, as well as door 6 and window 7 openings with reinforcement.

The floor structure is made on an elastic base (figure 2) and contains a mounting plate 8 made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on the base plate 9 of the floor with cavities 10 through layers of vibration damping material 11 and waterproofing material 12 with a gap 13 relative to the bearing walls 2 buildings. In order to ensure effective vibration isolation of the mounting plate 8 in all directions, the layers of vibration damping material 11 and waterproofing material 12 are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the supporting structures of the walls 2 and the base supporting plate 9 of the floor.

A variant is possible when in the cavities 10 of the base plate 9 of the interfloor overlapping there are vibration damping inserts (Fig. 9), made in the form of a cylinder 41 of rigid vibration-damping material, for example, plastic compound like “Agate”, “Anti-vibration”, “Shvim”, inside of which it is axisymmetric and an elastic core 42 is coaxially located, along the axis of which damping disks 43 are rigidly fixed in increments of the length of the cavity 10, while the extreme disks are fixed “flush” with a cylinder 41 made of vibration damping material, the ends of which, in turn, are flush with the side surfaces of the base plate 9.

To improve the vibration isolation and earthquake resistance of the building, the base bearing slabs 9 of the floor (Fig. 2 shows the slab 9 of the floor for only one floor of the building and on one side of the bearing walls 2) are equipped at the points of their attachment to the bearing walls of the building with a spatial vibration isolation system consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators 14 and 15, perceiving vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators 16, perceiving horizontal static and dynamically load. A diagram of vibration isolators made of elastomer is shown in FIGS. 5-6. Each of the vibration isolators 14, 15, 16 consists of rubber plates rigidly interconnected: upper 32 and lower 33 (FIGS. 5 and 6), in which through holes 34 are made, located on the surface of the vibration isolator in a checkerboard pattern. The vibration isolators are made square or rectangular in shape, and their side faces can also be made in the form of n-th order curved surfaces, ensuring the equal frequency of the vibration isolation system as a whole. The holes 34 have a cross-sectional shape that provides equal frequency vibration isolation.

The system of vibration isolation of the foundation 17 with the basement 18 (Fig. 3) is carried out by installing the elevated part of the building on the vibration isolators (Figs. 5-6) while cutting it with anti-seismic seams (not shown) from neighboring buildings and surrounding soil. To protect against vertical vibrations, vibration isolators are installed in the niches of the walls of basement floor 18 on sections of the strip foundation 19. Each set of vibration isolation systems consists of a metal plate, 4 vibration isolators (Figs. 5 and 6), 2 sheets of sandpaper to eliminate the possibility sliding basement elements and 2 supporting reinforced concrete blocks (not shown in the drawing).

To protect the building from horizontal vibrations propagating through the ground, a vibration isolation system is arranged along the vertical faces of the outer walls 20 of the basement floor 18 at the level of the foundation 17 and floors 9 (FIG. 2). To this end, a retaining wall is arranged around the entire building, the buttresses 21 of which are connected to the ends of the bearing walls through vibration isolators (FIGS. 5 and 6), which are installed in the niches 22 of the buttresses 21. The design of the vibration-insulated building has increased rigidity.

The basement of the building is made in the form of a spatial frame structure made of monolithic reinforced concrete with overlapping and partitions included in the frame (not shown in the drawing). This design provides increased rigidity of the building, compensating for its decrease due to bearing on vibration isolators. For the same purpose, jumpers are reinforced above door and other openings (not shown in the drawing) so that the stiffness of the partitions does not change, and the foundation 17 is made in the form of a tape cross structure with a height of about 50 cm, protruding above the foundation slab.

Figure 4 presents a diagram of the vibration isolation of a reinforced concrete slab consisting of interconnected reinforced concrete beams 23 at the base of the building, which is an option of vibration protection without jacks and includes at least four rubber vibration isolators 24 (Figs. 5 and 6) installed between the metal plate 25 and the reinforced concrete beam 23 located at the base 26 of the building, made integrally with at least eight strip foundation blocks 27 and 28, which are kind of “traps”, and each of the metal um 25 is installed on at least three reinforced concrete pillars-supports 29. Between each strip foundation blocks 27 and 28 and each of the reinforced concrete beams 23 sand cushions 30 are installed, and strain gauge sensors 31 are mounted under the rubber vibration isolators 24, which monitor the settlement of the vibration isolators 24. Sand cushions 30 are mounted in detachable metal clips.

Each of the vibration isolators 24 (FIGS. 5 and 6) consists of rubber plates rigidly interconnected: upper 32 and lower 33, in which through holes 34 are made, located on the surface of the vibration isolator in a checkerboard pattern. The shape of the vibration isolators 24 is made square or rectangular, and their side faces can be made in the form of curved surfaces of the n-th order, ensuring the uniform frequency of the vibration isolation system as a whole. The holes 34 have a cross-sectional shape that ensures equal frequency of the vibration isolator 24. Each of the vibration isolators 24 is equipped with vibration damping inserts (Fig. 7) located in the holes 34 of each of the vibration isolators 24 and made in the form of a cylindrical damping element 35, to the ends of which flat elastic stops are rigidly attached 36, and the inner cavity 37 is filled with a layer of vibration-damping material, for example sand, while the density of the vibration-damping layer is less than the density of the outer cylindrical shell of the damping ele cient.

A possible embodiment of reinforcing bars in the form of a set of alternating cylindrical shells 35 and 38 (Fig. 8) and tubular damping elements 40, the number of which is selected taking into account the required damping, depending on the level of seismic protection of the object.

The reinforcing bars are made damping, and each of them is a coaxially arranged cylindrical shells 35 and 38, between which are tube-coaxial damping elements 40 of vibration damping material, to the ends of which are rigidly fixed flat stops 36, and the inner central cavity 39 is filled with sand, the density of the layers of vibration damping material is less than the density of coaxially arranged cylindrical shells 35 and 38. The earthquake-resistant construction of the building works as follows way.

In the process of erecting an earthquake-resistant building, the formwork of a reinforced concrete monolithic wall is supported by sand cushions 30 enclosed in a collapsible metal cage. After hardening the concrete and removing the formwork between the protrusions of the "traps" 27 and 28, a vibration isolator 24 is assembled. After the concrete in the beam 23 has gained sufficient strength, the metal cage is opened and the sand is removed from the "cushion", and the beam 23 is supported by the vibration isolator 24. Subsequently, as the building rises, the vibration isolator 24 is compressed. The dismantling and replacement of the vibration isolator 24 is carried out using jacks (not shown in the drawing).

When installing the building vibration protection system in this way, the following provisions must be observed:

- vibration isolators 24 must be mounted already in the initial stage of construction, in connection with which they must be prefabricated and tested;

- the vibration isolators 23 and the strain gauge sensors 31 should be protected from the effects of adverse natural factors during the construction period;

- the height of the sand cushion 39 is determined by calculation, based on the precipitation of the vibration isolators 24 under load and over time.

- to adjust the gap between the reinforced concrete beam 23 and the "trap" on the last, at least two removable metal plates with a thickness of 1 cm are installed.

The seams separating the retaining wall from the building and the building from neighboring buildings are arranged as anti-seismic seams (not shown in the drawing) and thoroughly cleaned from construction waste. A system for their protection is provided (not shown in the drawing) from clogging during the operation of the building to exclude the penetration of vibrations into the building.

All highways, pipelines, etc. communications passing through the foundation to the building or equipment installed on it are arranged with compensators or cut off from the foundation by sliding seams (not shown in the drawing). Installation locations for ventilation, electrical, etc. equipment in the basement selected from the conditions of access to vibration isolators (not shown in the drawing), their installation and dismantling.

The interaction of sound waves with active cavities filled with a non-combustible sound absorber leads to sound attenuation in the high-frequency range, and due to the presence of cavities, the sound absorption surface increases, and, as a result, the sound absorption coefficient increases.

When installing vibroactive equipment on plate 8, two-stage vibration protection occurs, due to vibration damping inclusions in the mass of plate 8 itself, and also due to a layer of vibration damping material 11, which can be used as: Vibrosil needle-punched mats based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber , material from solid vibration-damping materials, for example, plastic, from soundproof plates based on glass staple fibers of the “Shumostop” type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ .

Compared with the design of the prototype, the proposed earthquake-resistant panel has the following advantages: the range of damping the fluctuations of mechanical effects due to complex design features has been expanded: shorter reinforcing bars and the presence of 38, 39 vibration-damping material in their cavities.

Sources of Bibliography

1. Kochetov O.S., Sazhin B.S. Noise and vibration reduction in production: theory, calculation, technical solutions. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, 2001 .-- 319 p. (Fig. II. III. 10, p. 263).

2. Kochetov OS Textile vibroacoustics. Textbook for universities. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, the group "Sauvage Bevo" 2003. - 191 p. (Fig. II.2, p. 176).

3. Kochetov OS Laboratory workshop on industrial sanitation. Textbook for universities. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, the group "Sovezh Bevo" 2004. - 168 p. (Fig.6.6, p. 120).

4. Kochetov O.S. Sound-absorbing structures to reduce noise in the workplace of industrial premises. The journal "Labor safety in industry", No. 11, 2010, pp. 46-50 (Fig. 1; p. 48 and Fig. 2; p. 48).

5. Kochetov O.S. Sound-absorbing construction of the workshop // Patent for invention No. 2414565. Published 03/20/2011. Bulletin of inventions No. 8.

6. Kochetov O.S. The method of acoustic protection of the operator // Patent for invention No. 2431022. Published on October 10, 2011. Bulletin of inventions No. 28.

7. Kochetov OS, Stareeva M.O. Production room with low noise // Patent for invention No. 2425931. Published on August 10th, 2011. Bulletin of inventions No. 22.

8. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu. Earthquake-resistant building // Utility Model Patent No. 120447. Published on September 20, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 26.

9. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu., Avgutsevichs A.Kh. Earthquake-resistant construction // Utility Model Patent No. 123433. Published on December 27th, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 36.

10. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu., Avgutsevichs A.Kh. Earthquake-resistant brick wall panel // Utility Model Patent No. 118331. Published on July 20, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 20.

11. Durnev R.A., Ivanova O.Yu., Kochetov O.S. Low noise earthquake-resistant industrial building // Utility Model Patent No. 129125. Published 06/20/2013. Bulletin of inventions No. 17.

Claims (1)

An earthquake-resistant building containing a vibration-insulated foundation, horizontal and vertical load-bearing structures with a vibration isolation system, internal partitions, the roof of the building, and basic load-bearing floor slabs are equipped at the places of their attachment to the load-bearing walls of the building with a spatial vibration isolation system consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators that accept vertical and static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators, perceiving horizontal static and dynamics load, while the floor in the rooms is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on the base floor slab with cavities through layers of vibration damping material and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the bearing walls of the production room, and the cavity base plate filled with vibration damping material, such as foamed polymer, basement vibration isolation system with basement made with its simultaneous seams of anti-seismic type from neighboring buildings and the surrounding soil, vibration isolators are installed in the niches of the walls of the basement on the sections of the strip foundation, and each set of vibration isolation system consists of a metal plate, four vibration isolators, two sheets of sandpaper to exclude the possibility of sliding of the foundation elements and two supporting reinforced concrete blocks, a vibration isolation system is arranged along the vertical faces of the outer walls of the basement floor at the foundation level and ceilings, while around the entire building a retaining wall is arranged, the buttresses of which are connected to the ends of the bearing walls through vibration isolators that are installed in the buttresses of the buttresses, the basement of the building is made in the form of a spatial frame structure of monolithic reinforced concrete with overlapping and partitions included in the frame, as well as reinforced jumpers above door and other openings with constant stiffness of the partitions, and the foundation is made in the form of a tape cross structure with a height of about 50 cm, protruding d foundation screed plate, each of the vibration isolators consists of rubber plates rigidly interconnected: upper and lower, in which through holes are made, located on the surface of the vibration isolator in a checkerboard pattern, and the shape of the vibration isolators is made square or rectangular, and their side faces are made in the form of curved surfaces of the nth order, providing equal frequency of the vibration isolation system as a whole, while the holes have a cross-sectional shape that ensures equal frequency vibration isolation, each Each of the vibration isolators is equipped with vibration damping inserts located in the holes of each of the vibration isolators and made in the form of a cylindrical damping element, flat elastic stops are rigidly attached to its ends, and the inner cavity is filled with a layer of vibration damping material, for example, sand, while the density of the vibration damping layer is lower than the density of the vibration damping layer is lower the shells of the damping element, the reinforcing bars are made damping, and each of them is coaxially arranged laid cylindrical shells, between which tubular damping elements of vibration damping material are coaxially located, rigid rigid stops are rigidly attached to the ends of the shells, and the inner central cavity is filled with sand, while the density of layers of vibration damping material is less than the density of coaxially arranged cylindrical shells, which differs in that in the cavities the base plate of the interfloor overlap are vibration damping inserts made in the form of a cylinder of hard vibration damping damping disks, axially symmetrically and coaxially located inside the elastic core, along the axis of which are rigidly fixed with a step that is a multiple of the length of the cavity, while the extreme disks are fixed “flush” with a cylinder of vibration-damping material, the ends of which, in turn, are located flush with the side surfaces of the base plate.

Images