RU2637663C1 - Method of aviation laser treatment of plants in vegetation period - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: unmanned aircraft with a fixed laser unit is used. The flight trajectories and parameters are entered into the aircraft memory. The device is tied to the terrain at the processing site. The laser treatment of the field is carried out by scanning frame laser radiation. The aircraft return to the takeoff point after carrying out the treatment is ensured.

EFFECT: increasing the treatment efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to small agricultural aviation, namely to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and can be used for processing agricultural and forest plantations with laser radiation. The invention improves the efficiency of processing and allows to increase productivity while reducing the cost of chemical treatment.

Studies of scientific agricultural and patent literature have revealed various ways of processing crops.

So in patent No. 1326226 it is said about the creation of a mobile unit capable of moving across fields and irradiating tens of hectares in standalone mode. This technological technique was used by Australian researchers in the early seventies (Patent specification No. 1326226. A method of controlling plant growth by means of a laser / Potts, Kerr and Co. - Published by the Patent Office, 25. - London. WCZAIAY, 1973 )

At Tokyo Agricultural University, a self-propelled robot with a laser system was developed (Kobayashi, T. A study for robot application in agriculture / T. Kobayashi, K. Tamaki, R. Tajima // J. agr. Sc. TokioNoguo Daigaku. - 1990. - Vol. 35, No. 1. - P. 80-87). With its help, various technological operations are carried out both in the greenhouse and in the field.

In Kazakhstan, on the basis of the Biophysics Scientific Production Association (Alma-Ata), a specialized installation for laser activation of agricultural crops was developed (Umarov Kh. T. Biophysical and physiological indicators of agricultural growth under the influence of a helium-neon laser / Kh. T. Umarov, V.M. Inyushin, N.N. Fedorova, T.V. Dergach. - Tashkent: FAN, 1991. - 152 p.). Its main elements are a helium-neon laser (LG-75 or LGN-104) and a scanning device mounted on a vertical lifting stand. The entire structure, assembled on a steel frame, is placed in the back of a vehicle, such as a wheeled tractor. Moving along the field at a speed of 10-15 km / h, the laser system irradiates a significant surface by scanning with a beam with a frequency of 24-280 Hz perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tractor. For various crops, technological modes of processing vegetative plants were determined.

In the patent No. 240663 of the Russian Federation, using a special frame, the laser installation is hung on a vehicle (tractor), from the on-board network (battery 12 V) they are powered. Crops are irradiated when the tractor moves along the perimeter of the field or the tramline (the diameter of the laser beam is up to 800 m). (Pat. No. 240663 of the Russian Federation. The method of industrial cultivation of crops using laser irradiation / PS Zhurba, TP Zhurba, EP Zhurba. Publ. March 11, 2003).

The main disadvantage of the above methods of processing crops is their high cost, cumbersomeness and complexity.

The closest in essence and taken as a prototype is a method of aerial processing of plants, which includes the preparation of liquid pesticides or biological products, refueling in a tank of a deltalet and spraying liquid biological products or pesticides over treated plants using a deltalet (see RU No. 2190562, Aviation method processing plants / Karasev V.V., Karaseva A.G. Publ. 10.10.2002).

The main disadvantages of the prototype are: the high cost and laboriousness of preparing the deltalet for processing plants and moving it from one field to another, the participation of at least five people for processing plants (2 pilots and 3 staff).

The task of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages due to the use of UAVs equipped with a semiconductor laser unit for laser processing of vegetative plants.

As a result of solving this problem, such technical results are achieved as:

- reducing time for aircraft processing plants by reducing the time for maintenance and preparation of UAVs for work;

- the participation of one person (operator) for transportation, preparation, processing of plants;

- reducing the cost of transporting UAVs to the place of work through the use of a conventional car. UAV is transported in the cabin, passenger compartment or car body.

The task is achieved by the fact that as a UAV a quadcopter of the DJI Phantom 4 model was used, the flight time with one battery was 28 minutes, and the take-off weight was 3400 grams. On the UAV, an integrated suspension with a two-coordinate scanning laser device is attached to the integrated suspension. A scanning frame scan of the laser radiation is formed in the form of a rectangular light spot measuring 50 × 1 meters in the laser unit. Laser processing is carried out from a flight height of 15 meters.

The location of the field, its configuration and area is determined in advance. Based on these data, the operator from the keyboard of the control unit saves the flight path and flight parameters (flight speed, altitude and end point of the route) into the UAV's memory.

Then the operator on the car delivers the UAV along with the laser unit to the place of processing plants. Upon arrival at the processing site, the operator from the keyboard of the control unit enters the coordinates of the location (the starting point of field processing) into the UAV's memory. UAV flight takes place completely offline. After entering the starting point and gaining the desired height by the command of the flight program, the laser is turned on and the UAV starts moving along the route recorded in memory in advance, performing laser processing.

Having completed the processing, the program turns off the laser and returns the UAV to the point it took off.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a method of aerial processing of carrots on a field of 1 hectare. When the UAV moves at a speed of 0.25 m / s, the average processing time for a field 200 meters long and 50 meters wide will be 14 minutes. The speed of movement of the light beam was 0.25 m / s with a power density of 0.5 W / m ² .

Example

Anastasia F1 carrots were taken as the starting material for the experiments, as one of the main vegetable crops regionalized in the Northwest region. Carrots were processed twice in the evening during the growing season during the growth phase of the rosette of leaves and roots.

The results of the experiment showed a significant excess in yield in the experimental version in relation to the control. So, the root crop yield in the control version was 2.5 kg / m ² , and in the variants with laser treatment the yield was 3.30-5.35 kg / m ² , which is 32-114% higher than the control.

An analysis of the structural elements of the yield of carrot root crops suggests that the crop was formed due to the higher density of plants standing before harvesting, 43.7 pcs / m ² , which is 105% higher than the control. As well as a slight increase in the mass of the root crop relative to the control by 4%, length by 20% and the mass of leaves (tops) by 140%.

The biological feature of carrots is that the fastest growth of the underground part (root) occurs in the initial period of vegetation. Therefore, laser treatment during the growing season contributed to the intensification of the root growth process, so the root length increased on average by 20% and amounted to 18.2 cm. Another feature is that the carrot crop is created actually in the last growing season, when root crops grow intensively due to outflow of nutrients from leaves. In the experimental version, this feature is expressed in a higher mass of leaves before harvesting by 114% relative to the control.

This method helps to stimulate the development of plants in the initial stages of vegetation and, as a result, in the later stages of growth. However, this processing method gives a significant increase in the safety of root crops without additional investment in the vegetable store.

This method was tested in 2015 at the vegetable experimental plot of the Gorodok farm of the Tashkent state farm in the Novgorod region.

Claims (1)

A method of aviation laser processing of plants during the growing season, including the delivery of an aircraft to a plant treatment site, characterized in that they use an unmanned aerial vehicle with a laser unit mounted on it, from the control unit in the memory of the unmanned aerial vehicle enter data on the trajectory and flight parameters, produce the unmanned aerial vehicle is linked to the terrain at the field processing site and laser processing of the selected field is carried out by scanning frame laser radiation in de rectangular light spot size of 50 × 1 meter altitude of 15 meters, after the drone processing returns to the takeoff point.

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