RU2740543C1 - Method for laser treatment of plants with unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and concerns a method of laser treatment of plants with an unmanned aerial vehicle. Unmanned aerial vehicle used is a hexacopter with an optomechanical unit of a two-coordinate scanning laser scanning frame scan installed on it. Geo-coordinates are used to record coordinates of location and set the size of radiation window of optomechanical frame scanning unit for preset processing area. After entering the working point located at height of 10 meters in the middle of the field, the hexacopter freezes and for 30 seconds performs laser processing with scanning frame laser radiation in the form of a rectangular light frame, the maximum size of which is 350 × 350 meters. After processing, the program disconnects the frame scanning frame laser and returns the hexacopter to the take-off point.

EFFECT: technical result consists in increasing the area and cutting processing time.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for processing agricultural and forest plantations with laser radiation.

There is a known method of industrial cultivation of agricultural crops using laser irradiation, in which, using a special frame, the laser installation is hung on a vehicle (tractor), from the on-board network of which (12 V battery) is supplied. Irradiation of crops is carried out when the tractor moves along the perimeter of the field or tramline (the diameter of the laser beam is up to 800 m). (RU No. 240663, А01С 1/00, publ. 27.11.2004, bull. No. 33).

The main disadvantages of the invention are the processing not of the entire surface of the plants, but of individual sectors with dark pauses after each rotation of the mirror by 180 °, as well as the high cost, laboriousness and bulkiness of injuring plants.

The closest in essence and taken as a prototype is the method of aviation laser treatment of plants during the growing season, including the delivery of an aircraft to the place of processing plants, characterized in that they use a disembodied aircraft with a laser unit attached to it, from the control unit to the memory of the unmanned of the aircraft, data on the trajectory and flight parameters are entered, the unmanned aerial vehicle is tied to the terrain at the place of processing the field and laser processing of the selected field is carried out by scanning personnel laser radiation in the form of a rectangular light spot 50 × 1 meter in size from a flight height of 15 meters, after processing the unmanned aerial vehicle returns to the take-off point. (RU No. 2637663, Method of aviation laser treatment of plants during the growing season / Danilovskikh M.G., Vinnik L.I., Stepanov V.M., A01G 1/00, 06.12.2017, Bull. No. 34).

The main disadvantage of the invention is the small processing area of 1 hectare and the long processing time of 14 minutes.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the processing area and reduce the processing time.

The technical result is an increase in the area and a reduction in processing time due to the use of an optomechanical unit of a laser frame scan on the UAV. A rectangular frame formed by an optomechanical laser frame scanning unit, the maximum size of which is 350 × 350 meters from a flight altitude of 10 meters, allows to process a maximum area of 12 hectares in 30 seconds.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the method of laser processing of plants from an unmanned aerial vehicle, including the delivery of an unmanned aerial vehicle with a unit attached to it to the place of processing plants and entering data into its memory, a Gaia 160AG NO FC hexacopter is used as an unmanned aerial vehicle with the location coordinates are entered into the memory of the hexacopter and the size of the radiation window of the optomechanical frame scan unit is set for the specified processing area, after entering the operating point located in the middle of the field at a height of 10 meters, the hexacopter freezes and within 30 seconds performs laser processing with scanning frame laser radiation in the form of a rectangular light frame, the maximum size of which is 350 × 350 meters, after processing the program turns off the laser of the frame scanner and returns the hexacopter is at the take-off point.

A Gaia 160AG NO FC Combo hexacopter is used as a UAV, the flight time with one battery is 60 minutes, the take-off weight is 23 kg. A two-coordinate scanning laser frame scan unit is attached to the integrated gimbal on the hexacopter. The block forms a scanning frame scan of laser radiation in the form of a rectangular or square light spot with a maximum size of 350 × 350 meters. The block provides for adjustment of the aperture (size) of the radiation window, which makes it possible to adjust the treated area from 0 to 12 hectares. Laser processing is carried out from a flight height of 10 meters.

The location of the field, its configuration and area are determined in advance. Based on these data, the operator from the control unit keyboard enters the trajectory and flight parameters into the hexacopter's memory: flight speed, altitude and final point of the route.

Then the operator by car delivers the hexacopter together with the laser unit to the plant processing site. Upon arrival at the processing site, the operator from the control unit keyboard enters the coordinates of the location (the starting point of the field processing) into the hexacopter's memory and sets the size of the radiation window of the vertical scan unit for the specified processing area. The flight of the hexacopter is completely autonomous. After entering the operating point and reaching the desired height: the middle of the field at a height of 10 meters, the hexacopter hovers and performs laser processing within 30 seconds. Having completed the processing, the program turns off the laser of the frame scanner and returns the hexacopter to the takeoff point.

Compared to the prototype, the processing time has been reduced from 14 minutes to 30 seconds.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a method for laser processing of potatoes during the growing season in a field of 10 hectares from a hexacopter.

Example. As a starting material for the experiment, we took early ripening potatoes of the Vesna Belaya variety as one of the main vegetable crops zoned in the North-West region.

Stimulation potato laser irradiation was performed at night with 24 ⁰⁰ - 1 ⁰⁰ - hours, treated with 1 hectare of a field from a height of 10 meters in a single growing season in phase leaves appear. The result of treatment of vegetative potato plants showed a significant increase in field germination of potatoes by an average of 1.7% compared to control. The safety of the emerged plants for harvesting increased by 2.0%.

The grown plants were distinguished by the more intensive development of the aboveground mass and the assimilation surface of the leaves. The mass of tops was 13.6-24.6%, more than in the control; leaf area per 1 ha - 22.3-24.9 more than in the control.

Early sprouting, better development of the aboveground mass, the formation of a larger leaf surface ensured an increase in productivity, and as a result, had a significant impact on potato productivity. Thus, laser stimulation increased the yield of tubers by 26.9-30.7% compared to the control.

Thus, the stimulation of growing plants of potato varieties "Vesna Belaya" with low-intensity laser radiation during the growing season is an effective method of increasing potato yield by 3.51-6.19 t / ha compared to the control 24.75%.

This method helps to stimulate the development of plants in the early stages of the growing season and, as a consequence, in the later stages of growth. At the same time, this method of processing gives a significant increase in the safety of root crops without additional investment in vegetable storage.

This method was tested in 2019 on a vegetable experimental plot of the Ermolino peasant farm in the Novgorod region.

The invention increases the efficiency of processing and allows you to increase the yield while reducing the cost of chemical processing.

Claims (1)

A method of laser processing of plants from an unmanned aerial vehicle, including the delivery of an unmanned aerial vehicle with a unit attached to it to the place of plant processing and entering data into its memory, characterized in that a Gaia 160AG NO FC hexacopter with an installed on it is used as an unmanned aerial vehicle by an optomechanical block of a two-coordinate scanning laser frame scan, the coordinates of the location to the terrain are entered into the memory of the hexacopter and the size of the radiation window of the optomechanical frame scan unit is set for the specified processing area, after entering the operating point located in the middle of the field at a height of 10 meters, the hexacopter hangs and for 30 seconds performs laser processing with scanning frame laser radiation in the form of a rectangular light frame, the maximum size of which is 350 × 350 meters, after processing the program turns off the laser of the vertical scanning unit and returns the hexacopter to the point takeoff.

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