RU2342284C2 - Complex for aviation chemical works - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns to agriculture, in particular to complex for aviation chemical works. The complex for aviation chemical works contains an automatic flying machine with the power-plant placed on the frame. The flying machine is executed in the form of a parachute wing to which on slings the gondola which is the tank of a liquid for dispersion is suspended. The gondola is executed in the form of the rigid wing creating additional ascentional force at movement. The gondola is located concerning the suspension point in such a manner that in the presence of cargo has greater attack angle of incoming air, and at absence - the smaller one. Thus established on a complex frame, the reception side of navigation system is equipped with altimeter, the system of gauges and the processing program-actuation device, and the transferring side is executed in the form of the radiators established on corners of the processed site, or the signal of the radiators established on companions of global system of navigation is used. The invention is aimed on increase of productivity and accuracy of entering of liquid substances on a processed site.

EFFECT: increase of productivity and accuracy of entering of liquid substances on processed site.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to control weeds in the fields, to protect plants from pests and diseases, to improve the ripening, growth and yield of crops by treating them with liquid substances by spraying.

The traditional complex for aviation chemical work is known, consisting of a pilot-controlled aircraft (airplane or helicopter), which produces spraying, and signalmen giving signals to orient the pilot when processing the site. When the aircraft approaches a certain distance, the signalmen go to the untreated area (see "State sanitary rules for the aviation use of pesticides and agrochemicals in the national economy of Ukraine", dated December 18, 1996, paragraph 5.32 issued by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine).

The disadvantage of this complex is the presence of a pilot in the aircraft, since the flight must be carried out at an extremely low altitude - not more than 3 m (paragraph 5.16 of these Rules), this is dangerous for the pilot even in the daytime, and flights are simply prohibited at night. In addition, both the pilot and the signalmen must use skin and respiratory protection. The work of this complex is laborious to use and environmentally hazardous for people.

The closest technical solution is an aerostat system for introducing liquid and solid substances onto the surface of the earth, containing an unmanned aerial vehicle in the form of a lifting unit, consisting of a cigar-shaped balloon, and a carrier unit, on the site of which an automatic type spraying unit is installed. The remote control unit, consisting of the transmitting and receiving sides, allows for unmanned flight control, the operation of the blocks of the aerostat system for introducing liquid substances to the surface of the earth. The receiving side of the remote unit is located on the platform of the carrier unit, and the transmitting side is on the ground on the vehicle under the control of the operator (see the description of the invention to RF patent No. 2186003, IPC 7 B64D 1/18, application. 10.04.2000, publ. 27.07. 2002).

The disadvantage of this system is the use of the operator directly in the area subjected to spraying with pesticides, negatively affecting his health, use as an unmanned aerial vehicle - aerostat, which, subject to the effects of air flow, can be carried in the other direction, and also will not allow evenly spraying liquid substances .

The technical task of the invention is to eliminate these drawbacks by creating a complex for aviation chemical work, which allows to increase productivity and labor quality, namely the accuracy of introducing liquid substances (pesticides), their uniform and consistent distribution over the treated surface of the site and ensuring environmental and sanitary safety.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the complex for aviation chemical work the automatic aircraft is made in the form of a parachute wing, to which a gondola is hung on the slings, which is a reservoir of liquid for spraying, made in the form of a rigid wing, which creates additional lifting force when moving. The nacelle is thus located relative to the suspension point, which, in the presence of cargo, has a larger angle of attack of the incoming air flow, and in the absence of a smaller one. At the same time, the receiving side of the navigation system mounted on the frame of the complex is equipped with an altimeter, a sensor system and a program-controlling device, and the transmitting side is made in the form of emitters installed at the corners of the processed area, or the signal of emitters installed on the satellites of the global navigation system is used.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the complex.

The complex for aviation chemical work includes an automatic aircraft 1, equipped with the receiving side of the navigation system, consisting of an altimeter 2, working on the principle of location, and a system of sensors 3, providing a circular view of the land, software and control device. The transmitting side of the navigation system is made in the form of emitters 5 installed at the corners of the treated area. You can also use as a transmitting side the signal emitters installed on the satellites of the global navigation system.

A paraglider is used as an automatic aircraft - an ultralight aircraft with a parachute wing. Such a device has a very small turning radius, which allows you to start moving in the opposite direction immediately after the turning, while there are no gaps between the spraying bands.

The aircraft has a main carrier system in the form of a parachute wing 6, to which a nacelle 8 is suspended on the slings 7, which is a reservoir of spraying liquid with an attached frame 9, on which a power unit 10, consisting of a motor and a propeller, an altimeter with a sensor system and software -controlling device. In this case, the nacelle is made in the form of a rigid wing, which creates additional lifting force when moving. The nacelle is thus located relative to the suspension point 11, which, in the presence of a load (spray liquid), has a larger angle of attack of the incoming air flow, and in the absence of a small one, close to the angle of attack at zero lift.

The complex works as follows.

Aircraft 1 flies between opposite edges of the treated area and produces spraying. The flight altitude (distance to the ground) is monitored by an altimeter 2, which transmits a signal to the program control device 4. At the corners of the treated area, emitters 5 are installed, the signal from which is picked up by the sensor system 3 and processed by the program control device 4. The flight path of the aircraft is set by the program entered into the program-control device 4 before take-off, and the location of the device above the site is determined based on the angles of the bearing of the emitters 5 relative to the device 1. The lancing effects generated by the program control device are designed to maintain the apparatus on a given flight path.

Aircraft 1 operates as follows.

The power plant 10 creates horizontal traction, the parachute wing 6 creates the main lifting force and, through the slings 7, transfers it to the suspension point 11 of the nacelle 8. The nacelle 8 with load creates additional lifting force, the magnitude of which depends on the angle of attack of the incoming air flow. The weight of the load, the motor, the propeller thrust, the lifting force and the drag force of the nacelle are mutually balanced. When reducing the weight of the cargo, the nacelle 8 rotates relative to the suspension point 11 in such a way that the angle of attack decreases and, in the complete absence of cargo, becomes close to the angle of attack at zero lift. The implementation of the gondola in the form of a rigid wing allows you to increase the take-off weight of the aircraft, and a change in lift with a decrease in cargo weight allows you to maintain a more constant load on the parachute wing and its performance.

The complex allows you to carry out work in the daytime and at night. It is even better at night, because the atmosphere at this time is calmer. Round-the-clock work allows for spraying in a shorter time, which is important from the point of view of the technology of agrotechnical work. It does not require the presence of people, which reveals the safety of the complex. EFFECT: increased productivity of processing with simultaneous improvement of environmental indicators.

Claims (2)

1. Complex for aviation chemical work, comprising an automatic aircraft with a power unit mounted on the frame, and a navigation system consisting of a transmitting and receiving side, characterized in that the automatic aircraft is made in the form of a parachute wing, to which a gondola is suspended on slings , which is a reservoir of liquid for spraying, made in the form of a rigid wing and located in this way relative to the suspension point, which, in the presence of cargo, has a larger angle of attack of the airborne flow, and in the absence of a smaller one, while the receiving side mounted on the frame is equipped with an altimeter, a sensor system and a program-controlling device, and the transmitting side is made in the form of emitters installed at the corners of the treated area. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal of the emitters installed on the satellites of the global navigation system is used.