RU2186003C2 - Aerostat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation; agriculture. SUBSTANCE: proposed system includes hoisting module consisting of small-capacity soft cigar-shaped aerostat, carrying module connected with hoisting module which consists of tubular skeleton dismountable assembled platform with electromechanical, pneumatic and illuminating equipment and power plant. Platform of carrying module is provided with pneumatic spraying unit which includes pneumatic rod-type spreader and pneumatic rod-type sprayer. Remote control unit consists of transmitting and receiving sides for pilotless control system of aerostat flight and remote control of modules of aerostat system for delivery of liquid and solid agents to ground surface. Secured to lower portion of aerostat envelope inside aerostat is gas-and-air ballonet divided into air and gas chambers by elastic membrane. Dismountable assembled platform of carrying module is connected with aerostat in lower portion of its envelope under center of gravity by means of cable attachment. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency due to successive smooth and accurate delivery of agents on surface to be treated. 6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to agriculture and can be used to control weeds in the fields, protect plants from pests and diseases, improve ripening, growth and yield of crops by treating them with liquid and solid substances using a balloon system.

 A known balloon system for introducing solids onto the surface of the earth using a tethered balloon [1], where the spraying of dry fertilizers is based on the use of the force of air currents generated above the tops of trees. The balloon system consists of ground transport and a balloon connected with it via a cable and hoses, filled with helium and raised to a height of 20-50 m. Ground transport includes a towed container with fertilizers and a car. Fertilizers are blown from the fertilizer tank into the crusher, from where they are fed upwards through the cloth hose to the atomizer suspended under the aerostat. Particles emitted from the sprayer by air currents above the crowns of trees are distributed in the area.

 However, the known balloon system does not allow fertilizer to be applied evenly and accurately to the surface to be treated. The settling place and the distance that fertilizers are spread by air flows depend on the mass of the particles forming the dust cloud, the speed, strength and direction of the wind. In the treatment zone, a high degree of dustiness is formed, which negatively affects people's health.

 Closest to the claimed invention is a balloon system for introducing substances to the surface of the earth, containing a lifting unit consisting of a balloon, a power unit for moving through the air at a given height at an adjustable speed, and a supporting unit, a spray unit for introducing substances to the surface of the earth and a receiving the side of the remote control unit mounted on the carrier unit, and the transmitting side of the remote unmanned control unit mounted on the ground [2].

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the accuracy of introducing liquid and solid substances, their uniform and consistent distribution over the treated surface of the site and ensuring environmental and sanitary safety.

 To achieve a technical result, this balloon system is proposed for introducing liquid and solid substances onto the earth’s surface, characterized in that it is equipped with electromechanical, pneumatic and lighting equipment, the supporting unit is made in the form of a tubular, frame, collapsible platform designed to accommodate the mentioned equipment The spray unit consists of a pneumatic boom spreader of solids and a pneumatic boom sprayer installed on uschego unit, lifting unit consists of a soft balloon, and the receiving side of the remote control unit is located on the collapsible platform. At the same time, a membrane of the balloon air chamber is attached inside the lower part of the balloon shell. The collapsible platform of the bearing block is connected to the bottom of the shell by a sling mount. At the same time, the pneumatic boom spreader of the spraying unit consists of a conical shaped solid container, a metering chamber, a disk with calibration holes for metering a solid, a funnel guide, a centrifugal air blower with an electric motor and gear transmission, and also a rod made with the possibility of fastening at the bottom of a collapsible site and having air ducts and ferrules designed to disperse solids. The pneumatic boom sprayer of the spraying unit consists of a container for a liquid substance with a hermetically sealed lid, a compressor with a receiver, control and safety valves, a boom with a rotary handle and a latch. The pneumatic boom sprayer is also equipped with hoses with rotary sprayers and air ducts with tips mounted on the boom. The pneumatic boom sprayer boom is connected to holders supporting hoses with rotary sprayers, while it is movably fixed in the lower part of the collapsible platform of the carrier unit under the boom of the pneumatic boom spreader.

 When introducing liquid and / or solids, they are supplied from the respective containers through the corresponding pneumatic conduit, rod, hoses and air ducts installed on the collapsible platform of the carrier unit, down to the rotary sprayers and tips, from which they fall onto the surface to be treated or from bottom to top or from top to bottom. In this case, liquid and / or solid substance from rotary sprayers or tips with the holders lowered is fed to the surface to be treated from bottom to top from the base of the stem to its top, and when the holders are raised it is fed from top to bottom from the top of the stem to its base.

 When solids are introduced into the atmosphere of a liquid aerosol, solids are supplied from the tips, and the liquid is supplied from rotary sprayers to obtain an aerosol mixture, while the tips and sprayers are fixed on the holders at the same level. The aerosol mixture is supplied with the holders down to the surface to be treated from bottom to top from the base of the stem to its top, and when the holders are raised, from top to bottom from the top of the stem to its base.

 They use the aerostat system by introducing liquid and solid substances to the surface of the earth to protect plants from pests and diseases, control weeds in the fields and improve the ripening, growth and yield of crops.

 In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a balloon system, where A is a lifting unit, B is a supporting unit, C is a spray unit, G is a remote control unit.

 1 - balloon shell, 2 - gas-air balloon, 3 - elastic membrane, 4 - air chamber, 5 - helium chamber, 6 - nose reinforcement, 7 - tail unit, 8 - air valves, 9 - gas valves, 10 - sling mount, 11 - collapsible platform, 12 - electromechanical equipment, 13 - pneumatic equipment, 14 - lighting equipment, 15 - power propulsion system, 16 - pneumatic boom spreader, 17 - pneumatic boom sprayer, 18 - operator, 19 - transmitting side of the control unit , 20 - remote control unitary enterprise equalities, 21 - command device, 22 - encoder, 23 - transmitter, 24 - receiving side of the control unit, 25 - receiver, 26 - decoder, 27 - servomotor.

 In FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a pneumatic rod spreader 16 of spray unit B, where: 28 is a container for solids, 29 is a container cover, 30 is a metering chamber, 31 is a metering disk with calibrated holes, 32 is a guiding funnel, 33 is the axis: a - a metering disk, b - a fan, c - an electric motor, 34 - a centrifugal air blower, 35 - an air blower casing, 36 - a fan, 37 - a swirl chamber, 38 - an electric motor, 39 - a gear transmission, 40 - a fitting, 41 - a pneumatic pipe, 42 - spreader bar, 43 - air ducts, 44 - air duct tips in.

 Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a pneumatic boom sprayer 17 of spray unit B, where: 45 is a fluid container, 46 is a sealed lid of the filling opening of the container, 47 is a pressure relief valve, 48 is a control valve, 49 is a container drain hole, 50 is strainer, 51 - compressor, 52 - receiver, 53 - sprayer boom, 54 - rotary boom handle, 55 - retainer, 56 - hoses, 57 - rotary fluid sprayers, 58 - holders.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that using a balloon system on the surface make liquid and / or solid. In this case, before introducing the substance or substances onto the surface to be treated, the aerostat system is assembled and prepared for operation. Then the substance or substances are lifted in the appropriate containers installed on the carrier unit to the height currently required for application and move them at this height in the air at the speed necessary for application, at the same time they are sprayed and / or scattered the substance or substances on the surface using a rod pneumatic sprayer with rotary sprayers and / or pneumatic spreader boom with tips. Liquid and / or solid substance flows downward from the appropriate container through the corresponding air line, rod, hoses or air ducts to the rotary sprayers or tips. The design of the balloon system provides for the supply of matter with the holders lowered from the bottom up, with the holders raised, from top to bottom and the flow of solid in the atmosphere of a liquid aerosol to form an aerosol mixture. The use of one or another variant of the substance supply to the treated surface is determined based on the height of the plants or the habitat of the pest. In the case of aphids, when insects parasitize on the lower surface of the leaf, the substance is supplied from the bottom up. On the contrary, when insects infect the upper parts of the plant, such as locusts, the substance is supplied from top to bottom. In case of mixed parasitism, when certain stages of the pest development damage simultaneously different surfaces of the plant, which is typical for the Colorado potato beetle, white American butterfly, Californian scabbard, it is more efficient to treat plants by supplying the substance from the bottom up or from top to bottom or by feeding solid matter in an atmosphere of water aerosol .

 To kill weeds with herbicides, the substance is supplied from top to bottom.

 When feeding plants at different stages of vegetation, all types of substance supply are used.

 To comply with environmental and sanitary-hygienic safety, it is preferable to carry out treatments in the atmosphere of a water aerosol, which ensures low dustiness of the air in the treatment area and the probability of drift of the introduced substance by the wind.

 The height and processing speed are controlled using the remote control unit.

 Structurally, the proposed balloon system for introducing liquid and solid substances onto the surface of the earth consists, Fig. 1, of a lifting unit A, a supporting unit B, a spray unit B, a remote control unit G.

 The lift block A is a soft balloon. Its body consists of a shell 1 of a classic cigar-shaped shape. The carrier gas is helium, which is the safest gas and has a higher lifting force than any other gas lighter than air. During the operation of the balloon system, its mass in the shell does not change.

 Inside the shell of the balloon 1 in its lower part is attached a balloon 2, divided by an elastic membrane 3 into two chambers - air 4 and gas 5 to maintain excess pressure in the balloon shell and in the balloon. The shell has a nose reinforcement 6 and a tail unit 7, is equipped with air 8 and gas 9 valves to release the shell and balloon from air and gas, has slings 10 for suspension of the bearing block B.

 The bearing block B connected to the lifting block A consists of a tubular, frame, collapsible platform 11, suspended by means of a sling attachment 10 in the lower part of the shell 1. Electromechanical 12, pneumatic 13, lighting 14 equipment, a power plant are installed on the site 11 15, a pneumatic boom spreader 16 and a pneumatic boom sprayer 17.

 The pneumatic type atomization unit B is mounted on the platform 11 of the carrier unit B and combines the pneumatic boom spreader 16 and the pneumatic boom sprayer 17.

 The pneumatic boom spreader 16 of FIG. 2 has a conical shaped solid container 28 with a tight-fitting lid 29 and a small lower hole passing into the metering chamber 30, from which the substance enters a rotating metering disk with calibrated holes 31, through which it is poured into the guide funnel 32. The disk is mounted on a vertical axis 33a. The centrifugal air blower 34 consists of a casing 35, a fan 36, mounted on an axis 33b, a swirl chamber 37, an electric motor 38. A blower 34 is mounted under a container 28 and a metering disk 31 in a horizontal plane. The metering disk 31 and the fan 36 of the centrifugal air blower 34 are driven by a gear 39 from the electric motor 38. The air blower 34 is connected to the rod 42, carrying the air ducts 43 with tips 44, using a nozzle 40 and a pneumatic conduit 41. The substance is crumbled along the guide funnel 32 into the vortex chamber 37 blows out the air flow pumped by the fan 36 and through the pneumatic line 41 it enters the rod 42, from which it is scattered across the surface through the air ducts 43 through the tips 44.

 Pneumatic boom sprayer 17 of figure 3 contains a container for liquid substance 45 with a lid hermetically closing the filler hole 46, safety 47 and control 48 valves, drain hole 49, strainers 50 at the inlet and outlet of the liquid substance. To create a pressure head in the tank 45 and the required pressure in the spraying system, the compressor 51 through the receiver 52, the fitting 40, the control valve 48 through the pneumatic pipe 41 serves compressed air. The excess pressure in the tank 45 is automatically released through the safety valve 47. The sprayer boom 53 is composed of several tubular links interconnected by couplings. Holes are evenly distributed over the entire length of the rod with defined intervals, into which the fittings 40 are screwed for connecting hoses 56 with rotary fluid sprays 57. On the rod in the spaces between the fittings 40, special holders 58 are mounted with fasteners for supporting hoses 56 with rotary fluid sprays 57. The fixture allows you to move the holders in between the fittings and adjust the distance between them according to the row spacing. By turning the handle of the rod 54, holders with hoses are installed at a certain angle to the surface of the earth. The latch 55 holds the rod with holders in the installed position.

 The sprayer boom 53 is connected by a pneumatic line 41 to a container for liquid substance 45 through a fitting 40 and suspended from the front of a collapsible platform 11 movably in its lower part on brackets. The spreader rod 42 is mounted rigidly on the platform 11 above the rod 53 of the pneumatic sprayer 17. To support the air ducts 43 with tips 44 above the ground, the sprayer rod holders 58 are used 53, which allows them to be raised and lowered to a certain angle above the work surface simultaneously with hoses 56 and rotary sprayers liquids 57.

 Block B is used when treating surfaces with liquid substances, for dispersing powders, granular materials and / or simultaneously sifting granular substances with moistening the resulting dust cloud. Solid and / or liquid substance is supplied from the corresponding container 28, 45 through the corresponding pneumatic conduit, rod, hoses or air ducts down to the tips 44 or rotary atomizers of the liquid 57 from which it enters the surface to be treated.

 The remote control unit G of FIG. 1 is intended for unmanned control of a balloon flight and remote control of the operation of blocks of a balloon system. It is serviced by the operator 18 and comprises a transmitting 19 and a receiving 24 sides. In this case, the transmitting side 19 of the control unit is on the ground on the vehicle under the control of the operator 18 and consists of a control panel 20, a command device 21, an encoder 22 and a transmitter 23. The command device gives control commands, the encoder converts them into electrical signals modulating the transmitter for their radiation. The receiving side 24 is located on the site 11 of the carrier unit B and through the receiver 25 receives the incoming signals, transmits them to the decoder 26, which, using the servomotor 27, distributes the commands to the actuators 12, 13, 14, 15 of the unit B. The correct execution and control of the commands are controlled operator 18. Control and adjustment is carried out using visual observation of changes in the flight of the aerostat system and the operation of the units and / or through the display of a computer mounted in the control panel 20, on the screen of which These changes are applied. Remote control can be carried out by radio, satellite and light communications.

 It is possible to transmit several command signals simultaneously using multi-channel communication.

The operation of the balloon system includes several main stages:
- preparation of the balloon system for work;
- the rise of the system above the ground to a predetermined height;
- flight of the balloon system at a certain speed and the processing of the earth's surface with solid and / or liquid substances;
- landing of the balloon system;
- dismantling and transportation of the balloon system.

 In preparing the balloon system for operation, the tubular frame of the site is first assembled, then electromechanical, lighting and pneumatic equipment, a power unit, a pneumatic boom sprayer and a pneumatic boom spreader are mounted on it. The equipment is interconnected by electric, pipe and pneumatic wires. To prevent a sharp rise when filling the aerostat shell with helium, the platform is secured to the ground using safety ropes. The balloon shell is filled with helium. Fill the fuel tank with fuel. Load containers, if necessary, with solid or liquid substances.

 To lift the balloon system above the ground to a predetermined height, a balloon is used. Using the "Start" button of the remote control, the two-stroke internal combustion engine is first started, the generator and compressors connected to the balloon tanks are driven. Then, with the help of a compressor, helium is pumped from the high-pressure cylinder into the helium chamber of the balloon through a pneumatic pipeline through the gearbox, increasing the lift of the balloon. Lifting is stopped when the system reaches the required height. To do this, stop the compressor and stop the gas supply to the helium chamber of the balloon by pressing the "Stop" button on the remote control. The balloon system at this moment is in equilibrium at a given height.

 Before the flight, the rotary handle of the rod of the pneumatic boom sprayer sets the angle of the working position of the holders, depending on the selected processing option. Remove the safety cables. The control panel starts the power rotor installation. Using two propellers mounted to the left and right of the site, a horizontal balloon flight is carried out.

 The balloon system in the process of burning fuel and reducing solid and / or liquid substances, respectively, rises. To stabilize the flight altitude, a two-chamber balloon and aerodynamic rudders are used. The reduction of the balloon system is carried out by reducing the lifting force of helium by reducing its mass in the helium chamber of the balloon. To this end, gas is pumped out of the helium chamber by a compressor through a pneumatic line into a high-pressure cylinder. The corresponding operation of elevators also contributes to the reduction of the balloon system. To maintain excess pressure in the balloon shell and in the balloon, the compressor is pumped into the air chamber of the balloon through a pneumatic pipeline. The process of stabilizing the altitude is visually controlled by adjusting the descent, lifting or stopping of the balloon system by the remote control until the altitude and the equilibrium state of the system are restored.

 Simultaneously with the flight of the aerostat system along the route, liquid is sprayed and / or solid is scattered on the surface of the earth.

 Surface treatment with solids is carried out by a pneumatic boom spreader. Powder or granules of substance from the conical container are fed down into the metering chamber located below it, then through the calibrated openings of the metering disk and the guiding funnel into the vortex chamber of the casing of the air blower. From there, the substance is blown out by air flow into the spreader bar and is scattered across the surface through the ducts through the tips. An air stream is formed when the centrifugal blower fan rotates, which is driven by an electric motor that is switched on remotely by the control panel.

 Surface treatment with liquid substances is carried out by a pneumatic boom sprayer. The liquid substance under pressure created by the compressor is fed downward from the liquid substance tank through a pneumatic line, a sprayer boom and hoses with rotary sprayers to the surface to be treated. The droplet size is adjusted before starting work by turning the spray head. The compressor is powered by an electric motor, which is turned on and off by a remote control.

 Surface treatment with solid and liquid substances is carried out using the simultaneous operation of a pneumatic boom spreader and a pneumatic boom sprayer. In this case, the air ducts with tips and hoses with rotary nozzles are fixed on the holders at the same level and the dispersion of the solid is carried out in an atmosphere of liquid aerosol, which ensures moistening of the solid particles, their rapid settling and good adhesion on the treated surface, eliminates the drift of the smallest particles of substances by the wind that reduces their losses.

 Holders with hoses and air ducts fixed on them provide a fairly accurate introduction of both liquid and solid substances onto the surface to be treated. When the holders are lowered between the row spacings, the introduced substance gets from the tips and / or from the rotary sprayers onto the plants from bottom to top from the base of the stem to the apex. With holders raised parallel to the surface to be treated, the substance is supplied from the tips and / or rotary nozzles from top to bottom from the top to the base of the stem.

 The number of balloon passes over the section is determined in accordance with its size and the width of the processed strip. At the ends of the route, the aerostat system is deployed using rudders, set in the direction of the processing strip according to the width of the toxic wave, and continue processing according to the specified scheme. When passing the route, a toxic wave captures a strip equal to the width of the rod. Neighboring bands are joined along the border of the toxic wave and do not overlap each other. As a result of the adjacent strip joining along the border of the toxic wave, a consistent and uniform surface treatment of the entire area occurs.

 The personnel serving the balloon system at a time of processing is located at a distance from the control panel, which protects people from the ingress of toxic substances on the skin, mucous membranes of the eye and respiratory tract.

 The presence of lighting and signal lights allows you to work in the dark, which protects bees and other beneficial insects leading a daily life from exposure to insecticides.

 Landing of the aerostat system is carried out using a balloon and aerodynamic rudders of direction and height. At the end of the operation, the control panel turns off the compressor serving the pneumatic boom sprayer, stopping the supply of compressed air to the liquid tank, and stops the electric motor, from which the metering disk and the centrifugal blower of the pneumatic boom spreader work. The rotary handle of the sprayer bar lifts the holders up to a horizontal position. Then, maneuvering rudders of height and direction, the balloon system is driven away to a place convenient for landing from the edge of the treated area. Helium is pumped from the balloon to the high-pressure cylinder by the compressor, reducing the lift force of the gas until the platform supporting the equipment drops to the ground.

 Safety ropes fix the platform on the ground. The helium remaining in the balloon is pumped into a high-pressure balloon. Helium filling the shell is pumped out into a container for reuse. The empty shell is disconnected from the collapsible site. In case of termination of treatments and preservation of the balloon system, equipment is dismantled and the frame of the site is disassembled. The disassembled balloon system is transported for storage to a warehouse.

 Examples of using a balloon system to protect plants from aphids, cereals, pasture or vegetables - from locusts, potatoes - from the Colorado potato beetle, given below, show the universal capabilities of the system.

 Example 1. Aphids are dangerous and ubiquitous pests. They feed on plant juices, piercing with a thin proboscis tissue of leaves, young shoots, sometimes fruits. Damaged leaves curl, deform, and partially or completely die. In early spring, during the budding period, larvae appear, which in search of food focus on the buds open and the lower surface of young leaves. In early summer, aphids migrate to herbaceous plants, where they multiply intensively, forming colonies on the lower surface of the leaves. To combat aphids, a pneumatic rod sprayer of a balloon system is used. Since the pest is located on the lower side of the leaf blade, the substance from the rotary sprayers is fed to the plants from the bottom up. To this end, holders with hoses and rotary sprayers are lowered by the rotary handle. Using a balloon and aerodynamic rudders, using the remote control, as described above, set the altitude of the aerostat system so as to position the holders with hoses and rotary sprays between the rows and as close to the base of the stem of the herbaceous plant or to the level of the lower part of the crown of the fruit tree . In this case, the liquid escaping under pressure from the rotary sprayers upwards falls on the aphids located on the lower side of the leaves.

 Example 2. Locusts are characterized by periodic outbreaks of mass reproduction, which cover large areas. During this period, the locust moves in dense clusters (swarms), eating all the vegetation in its path. Swimmers fly long distances causing huge damage to new territories. In agricultural areas, the appearance of locusts is a natural disaster. To protect crops from devastating invasions of locusts and to suppress an outbreak of mass propagation, a pneumatic boom sprayer and a pneumatic boom spreader are used, applying liquid and / or solids from top to bottom. To do this, the rotary knob sets the holders of hoses with rotary sprayers and air ducts with tips in a horizontal position. The flight paths of the aerostat system along the processing area are outlined. The balloon system is raised using a balloon, aerodynamic rudders and a remote control to the required height and the direction of its flight is established. Pollination of the territory with pesticides or sieving of venom bait is carried out by a pneumatic boom spreader. Spraying with pesticides is carried out by a pneumatic boom sprayer. The treatment with solid and liquid substances is carried out in an atmosphere of liquid aerosol with the simultaneous operation of the boom sprayer and boom spreader.

 Example 3. The Colorado potato beetle is one of the most dangerous pests of potatoes and other nightshade crops. Beetles and pest larvae can completely destroy potato leaves. In spring, overwintered beetles emerge from the soil and feed on weed leaves from the nightshade family. Later they fly to young shoots of potatoes. Females lay eggs in piles on the underside of the leaves. The main damage to plants is caused by larvae. The first treatment of potatoes with pesticides is carried out during the period of mass release of overwintered beetles, the second - with the appearance of larvae of the second age. Larvae of the first and second ages are less resistant to chemicals, therefore, it is advisable to carry out the fight during the period of their appearance. Beetles, as a rule, are located on the periphery of the bush in the upper and less often middle tier. Therefore, liquid and / or solid pesticides are applied to the surface of the bush from top to bottom. The bulk of the larvae of the first and second ages is located on the lower surface of the leaf, in this regard, the substances are applied to the plant from bottom to top from the base of the stem to the apex. To combat adult bugs, the aerostat system is prepared as described in Example 2. For anti-larva measures, the preparation of the aerostat system for work is carried out analogously to the description given in Example 1. When the pest numbers are high, a combined treatment of potato bushes with a solid substance in a liquid aerosol atmosphere is used.

The technical efficiency of the proposed balloon system compared to the prototype lies in the possibility of:
- application of solid and liquid substances to the treated surface both individually and in combination, which allows optimal use of the balloon system;
- increase the efficiency and quality of the treatments due to the consistent, uniform and accurate application of the substance to the treated surface. At the same time, the accuracy of the ingress of chemicals is ensured by the holders, which make it possible to bring nebulizers closer to the place to be treated, and achieve consistent and uniform distribution of substances over the area as a result of the fact that the capture width of the toxic wave corresponds to the size of the rods and when the flight is stable at an extremely low altitude, the processed strips are joined along the aisle boundary aerostat without gaps;
- Improvement of environmental safety as a result of the use of lighting and signal lights, which allows organizing work in the dark and thereby avoiding the death of bees, entomophages and other useful insects and animals active in the daytime from pesticides. In addition, the spraying of solid pesticides in an atmosphere of liquid aerosol increases the sedimentation rate and the adhesion of particles of the substance to the surface, this reduces the likelihood of the dust cloud blowing off by the wind to the neighboring territory;
- reducing operational difficulties by using a soft balloon as a supporting unit, which allows you to assemble and disassemble the structure, store and transport it unassembled, and also does not require shelters for sludge, complex berthing facilities, special airfields or access roads, and qualified maintenance personnel .

In general, the technical and functional capabilities of the balloon system allow:
- to introduce substances from the air when moving at low altitude and at low speed, at any time of the day and regardless of the size, configuration, and topography of the site;
- to carry out work as an independent operation during the entire vegetation period of the plant according to the phenological phases of development;
- carry out continuous and selective processing;
- with one device to process both row crops and tall crops from the air;
- carry out surface treatment of plants from bottom to top from the base of the stem to its top, from top to bottom from the top of the stem to its base and in an atmosphere of liquid aerosol.

Sources of information
1. US patent 5322219, 1994

 2. German patent 19621515, 1997

Claims (6)

 1. A balloon system for introducing substances to the surface of the earth, comprising a lifting unit, consisting of an aerostat and a power unit for moving through the air at a predetermined height with an adjustable speed, a carrier unit, as well as a spray unit for introducing substances to the surface of the earth and the receiving side of the remote unit controls installed on the carrier unit and the transmitting side of the remote unmanned control unit mounted on the ground, characterized in that it is equipped with an electromechanical, pneumatic and illuminates With the help of flax equipment, the carrier unit is made in the form of a tubular, frame, collapsible platform designed to accommodate the above equipment, the spray unit consists of a pneumatic boom spreader of solids and a pneumatic boom sprayer installed on the platform of the carrier unit, the lift unit consists of a soft balloon, and the receiving side of the remote control unit is located on a collapsible site.  2. The balloon system according to claim 1, characterized in that a membrane of the balloon balloon chamber is attached inside the lower part of the balloon shell.  3. The balloon system according to claim 1, characterized in that the said platform is connected to the bottom of the shell by a sling mount.  4. The aerostat system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic boom spreader of the spraying unit consists of a conical shaped solid container, a metering chamber, a disk with calibration holes for solid metering, a funnel guide, a centrifugal air blower with an electric motor and gear as well as a rod made with the possibility of fastening in the lower part of a collapsible platform and having air ducts and lugs intended for spreading solids.  5. The aerostat system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic boom sprayer of the spraying unit consists of a container for a liquid substance with a hermetically sealed lid, a compressor with a receiver, control and safety valves, a rod with a rotary handle and a latch connected to holders supporting hoses with rotary sprayers, while the boom is movably fixed in the lower part of the collapsible platform of the bearing block under the boom of the pneumatic boom spreader.  6. The aerostat system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic boom sprayer is equipped with hoses with rotary sprayers and air ducts with tips fixed to the boom.

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