RU2628914C2 - Security document containing tangible mark and textured zone and method of its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method of manufacturing a security document made in the form of a sheet comprising, at least, one tangible protruding mark on, at least, one of it two sides opposite to each other, allowing the visually impaired people to sense a specific feature of the said document by means of feeling the said mark and to participate in determining its authenticity. Herewith the said mark is, at least, partially surrounded by, at least, one first textured zone, which is a surface that is different to the touch and is extracted from the rest of the said sheet. Herewith its second side also has the second textured zone. Simultaneously, these textured zones are formed. A printing embossed cliche is used, comprising engraved elements configured to form a textured zone on the sheet containing the regions. The first region is formed by a series of adjacent grooves and ribs forming on the other side of the sheet a complementary region provided with ribs and grooves, and the second region is formed by adjacent ribs and grooves forming on the other side of the sheet a complementary region provided with grooves and a rib. These pairs of regions form the said first and the second textured zones. The equation is applied: e+E=F, where e - the depth of the engraved line of the specified cliche; E - the interval between the two lines; F - the frequency of the lineature, at e≥100 microns and F≥500 microns.

EFFECT: document simplifies its authentication.

11 cl, 11 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to a security document containing a tangible mark and a textured area. It also relates to a method of manufacturing such a document.

In the field of fiduciary printing, the protection of a printed document is of utmost importance.

For this, in fiduciary printing, a certain number of security elements are applied to the document, recognizable and authenticated visually, as well as by touch.

This latter method of recognition is of particular interest, in particular for persons with visual impairment. We are talking about visually impaired, as well as blind people.

First, a visually impaired or blind person examines the shape and size of the document, which allows him to make his first recognition. The sound distinguished by palpation of the document is also a hallmark, especially when the document is new. However, this specific sound changes over time due to aging.

Ultimately, a visually impaired or blind person cannot confidently judge the authenticity of a document.

Touch recognition should be a means of identifying and authenticating a document.

In the field of recognition through touch, the Braille language was developed, which proved to be extremely effective. However, not all visually impaired and blind people can independently master the recognition and reading of the Braille language.

On the other hand, in the field of fiduciary printing, thin paper with a thickness of about 0.1 mm is used, which is not compatible with the size of the relief elements encoded in Braille, which is from 0.8 to 1 mm, in any case in France.

In addition, a printing technology called “embossed printing”, commonly used by those skilled in the art for embossing a paint onto a protected substrate, is limited by the height of the ink that can be applied, namely, about no more than 100 μm.

In the field of printing banknotes using embossed printing technology, the embossed “signs for the blind” are known. Often these signs are located only on one side of the banknote, in this case on the front side, are isolated and difficult to detect by visually impaired or blind people. It is important to note that there are still no rules governing the codification of these signs.

In addition, the repeated use of a banknote can lead to the degradation of its surface properties and to a decrease in its tangibility, which further complicates the identification of the sign.

As a rule, the definition of a sign by a visually impaired or blind person is based on the following procedures:

1) not a special research procedure: this procedure gives general information about properties, such as shape, size and orientation;

2) special procedure: this procedure gives information about the shape, coverage, contour, texture, etc.

During this specific procedure, information related to the surface is identified, such as roughness, hardness, elasticity, etc., as well as the geometry of the relief elements.

It should also be noted that when a visually impaired or blind person examines a thin object, he uses not only his index finger, but also his thumb.

Indeed, he takes an object with these two fingers at two opposite points, then he moves these fingers. Changes in the distance between the thumb and forefinger give him an idea of the convergence or divergence of the relief of the document.

Based on this, the invention aims to solve the above problems and offers a secure document that facilitates the localization of a protruding tangible mark, usually called a "sign for the blind," and this protruding mark allows you to identify a specific feature of the document, such as its face value, if it is about the banknote, and participate in its authentication.

Thus, the first object of the invention is a security document, such as a banknote, made in the form of a sheet that contains at least one of its opposite sides, at least one tangible protruding mark or “sign for the blind”, allowing the visually impaired or blind people, by feeling the specified tag, identify a specific feature of the specified document, such as its face value, and participate in determining its authenticity, according to the invention, the specified tag, at least at least partially surrounded by at least a first textured area, that is, a surface that differs by touch and stands out from the rest of the specified sheet, while its second side also has a second textured area.

It is clear that, due to the presence of a textured area near a tangible protruding mark, a visually impaired or blind person is easier to identify where the tangible mark is located, since a textured zone that differs by touch from the rest of the sheet indicates to it, like a “distinctive touch indicator element”, about the immediate vicinity of the specified label.

In addition, the specificity and originality of these textures allow him to verify the authenticity of the document he is studying.

According to preferred but non-limiting features of this document:

- these textured zones are located one above the other;

- the specified textured zone contains relief elements that protrude from two sides of the common plane of the sheet;

- the specified textured area includes at least a pair of areas located on both sides of the specified protruding marks;

- the specified textured area completely surrounds the specified label;

- the specified textured area partially surrounds the specified label;

- the specified textured area is adjacent to the tangible mark;

- the specified textured area is separated from the tangible mark;

- the document contains a tangible label on each of these parties;

- tangible marks are not located one above the other, and the region of the textured zone in the form of a “positive” on the front side, associated with the first tangible element, is located above the region of the textured zone in the form of a “negative” complementary shape on the reverse side, while the region of the textured zone in the form of a “positive” on the reverse side, associated with the second tangible element, it is located under the textured area in the form of a “negative” complementary shape on the front side, while these areas located on the and on the one hand, they are complementary, and textured zones in the form of “positive” are similar on the indicated front and back sides.

The object of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a document in accordance with one of the above distinguishing features.

According to this method, the simultaneous formation of these textured zones.

In addition, according to other non-limiting features of this method:

- the specified simultaneous formation is carried out by means of a relief printing;

- relief printing is carried out without ink by the so-called embossing;

- relief printing is carried out using ink, preferably colorless or white;

- relief printing is carried out using colored ink.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be more apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In FIG. 1 is a simplified view of a banknote equipped with a protruding tangible mark as well as a textured area in accordance with the invention, top view;

in FIG. 2 shows a tangible mark and the surrounding textured area, an enlarged top view;

in FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the plane III-III of FIG. 2;

in FIG. 4 is the same as in FIG. 3, which shows the shape of a cliche for embossing printing, allowing to obtain embossed elements present on the document;

in FIG. 5A-5G show cliché profiles for embossing used in the framework of the present invention;

in FIG. 6 is the same as in FIG. 4, where another embodiment is shown in which the back and the front of the document each contain a tangible mark;

in FIG. 7-11 show other embodiments of textured areas associated with tangible marks.

In FIG. 1 is a very schematic representation of a banknote from sheet 1 of fiduciary paper.

The term “sheet” should be understood as a single-layer or multilayer sheet. When the sheet is single layer, it contains, in particular, 100% natural cotton fibers. However, other fibers in smaller amounts based on flax or abacus, and even synthetic fibers, can also be found in it. The substrate can be completely obtained from petrochemical products and can consist, for example, exclusively of bi-oriented polypropylene. Finally, in the case of a multilayer sheet, cotton paper and plastic (for example, polyester, nylon) are used, which are laminated or coextruded.

The opposite front and back sides of this banknote are designated 10 and 11, respectively.

As you know, the front side 10 of the banknote contains a tangible protruding tag 2, which allows visually impaired or blind people by feeling this tag 2 to identify the nominal value of the specified banknote and determine its authenticity.

This label is obtained using any method known to the person skilled in the art, which makes it possible to give it a certain relief with respect to the general plane of the sheet, and also to give it a certain tangibility, clearly and clearly detectable by a visually impaired or blind person.

Preferably, to facilitate detection of the tangible mark, it is placed near the edge of the sheet, although this is not a prerequisite.

According to the main distinguishing feature of the invention, the mark 2 is at least partially surrounded by at least one textured zone 3, that is, a zone that differs by touch from the rest of the sheet 1 and which in any case is characteristic, the length or area of which at least equal, but preferably exceeds the area of the specified mark, while the second side of the sheet, in this case, the reverse side 11, also has a textured zone 4 of similar length.

As indicated above, a textured zone is defined as a zone with excellent, characteristic tactility, which distinguishes it from the rest of the sheet. Thus, thanks to this change in tactile sensation, a person who intends to identify a document will learn about the proximity of the “identification” tag.

The specified textured zone can be any, if only it is characterized by a special characteristic tangibility, different from the tangibility of the rest of the sheet. It can be configured in such a way as to provide, for example, but not limited to the following sensation (s): it can be bumpy, soft, velvety, felt, rubber, granular, bristly, smooth, soft, knotty, tingling, rough, wrinkled, rough, tuberous, ribbed, furrowed, satin, silky, glossy, contain relief elements located in a special or variable geometric configuration, that is, located randomly, etc.

Thus, when a visually impaired or blind person begins to feel the document with two fingers, then, reaching the textured zones 3 and 4, working as touch indicator elements, he gets a tactile sensation different from the rest of the sheet.

This information indicates the immediate proximity of the tangible protruding mark, which makes it easier for him to find this tangible mark.

In addition, it should be noted that, taking into account the difference from the rest of the sheet, these textured zones themselves can be considered as additional tangible marks that help determine the authenticity of the banknote.

According to the present invention, it is possible that in another area of the sheet, a banknote may also have at least one other textured area that is not associated with a tangible mark, and this other area is present, for example, as an element that impedes unauthorized reproduction of a document.

Among the technologies that a specialist can use to obtain these textured zones, you can, in particular, specify technologies that use the deformation of the sheet over its entire thickness. An example of this technology is embossed printing.

It is possible, for example, to carry out deformation by corrugation, that is, obtaining male and female forms.

In other embodiments, an external element, such as a plastic film having a special texture or a paint coating, can be applied hot or cold to a sheet of a document.

Printing and print technology can also be applied.

In FIG. 2 and 3 show a possible embodiment of textured zones in accordance with the present invention.

These two figures should be considered in combination.

In this particular embodiment, the tangible mark 2, as well as the associated textured zones 3 and 4, are obtained using the so-called embossed printing technology.

As you know, this technology of embossed printing consists in pressing a cliche to a paper containing a set of engravings (in this case, a sequence of grooves in the form of straight segments), which when pressed under strong pressure to the paper contributes to its corresponding deformation along the sheet thickness and the appearance of ribs on the side, opposite the cliché, and grooves like cliché grooves on the opposite side.

In the presented embodiment, the protruding tangible mark 2 has a rectangular shape in the upper projection and is limited on the front side 10 of the sheet by four ribs 21 and 20 that protrude above the common plane of the sheet.

Due to the applied technology of embossed printing, ribs 21 and 20 create grooves on the reverse side 11 of an almost complementary shape, while a depression limited by ribs 20 and 21 causes the presence of a substantially complementary protruding area on the reverse side.

In this case, the expressions “practically or essentially complementary” are used intentionally, since the grooves / ribs, depressions / protrusions do not have exactly the same dimensions. This is due to the deformation of the sheet and the technology used.

Indeed, embossed printing is a process that does not fully reproduce cliche engraving. Often observed the degree of embossed reproduction on paper from 50 to 80% of the depths actually engraved in the cliché. This degree of reproduction may vary depending on the equipment and on the paper, and especially on the pressure between the cliche cylinder and the printing cylinder.

In the present case, the textured zone 3 includes a pair of regions 30 and 31 located on two sides of the protruding mark 2.

However, in a non-represented embodiment, this textured area can completely or partially cover the mark, it is important that a visually impaired or blind person can easily find the indicated textured zone to get to the area where the tangible mark is located.

In the presented case, both regions 30 and 31 of the textured zone 3 are slightly separated from the tangible mark 2.

However, in other variants, also not shown in the figures, this textured area can be directly adjacent to the tangible mark.

In FIG. 2 conventionally black lines of different thicknesses show ribs on the front side of the sheet 10, while grooves that separate two adjacent ribs are shown in white. The term “groove”, used for the front side, actually corresponds to rib-free zones equivalent to zero height above the sheet plane and therefore zero height above the plane of the engraved cliche.

As shown on the left side of FIG. 2, region 30 consists of grooves 301 and ribs 300 adjacent to each other, wherein the embossed printing technology used to create these relief elements leads to the appearance on the reverse side 11 of a complementary zone 30ʹ containing ribs 301ʹ and grooves 300ʹ, which are complementary to grooves 301 and ribs 300.

In the present case, the width of the 11 grooves is approximately 200 μm, while the width of the 12 ribs is approximately 800 μm.

In parallel with the other side of the tangible mark 2, there is another textured region 31, which has ribs 310 with a width of 15 to 200 microns, separated by grooves 311 with a width of 16 to 800 microns. Accordingly, as shown on the left side of the figure, the reverse side comprises a complementary region 31ʹ formed by grooves 310ʹ and ribs 311ʹ.

Pairs of regions 30 and 31, on the one hand, and 30ʹ and 31ʹ, on the other hand, form respectively the first and second textured zones 3 and 4 in accordance with the invention. It should be noted that the region 30ʹ is similar and even almost identical with the region 31 and, conversely, the region 31ʹ is similar to the region 30.

From the point of view of tangibility, where the ribs are more distant from each other, the presence of ribs will be felt, whereas where they are closer to each other, the presence of grooves, respectively, of the ribs on the opposite side will be felt. Thanks to the use of embossed printing technology, these elements can be obtained with one pass through the machine.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and 3, there are sets of ribs and grooves. However, other forms of embossed elements are also possible, as will be shown later in the description and, in particular, with reference to FIGS. 7-9.

In FIG. 4 schematically shows essentially the same structure as in FIG. 3, but also a cliché 6 for embossed printing, used to deform a sheet of paper, is also shown. It should be noted that this cliche contains engraved elements 60 and 61, which have a shape corresponding to the ribs and grooves that must be obtained on paper.

In the case presented with reference to these figures, the textured zones are formed by the alternation of lines bounding the ribs and grooves. In cross section, they have an angular shape like teeth.

The applicant made a number of measurements, which, depending on the shape of the reliefs, on the gap between them and on other criteria, make it possible to determine the optimal shape that provides the best detection and sensory assessment of the texture.

The data obtained are presented in the table below.

Explanation of notation:

Thickness: Relief Width

Frequency or lineature: A repeating gap separating the edges of identical reliefs. Thus, in this case, the frequency corresponds to the sum of the thickness and the gap between the two lines.

Tangibility on the front and back: Depending on the tangible sensation produced by these embossed elements, grades -, -, + and ++ were assigned to classify the level of sensation, with the best tangibility being indicated by ++, while the worst tangibility is indicated -.

Shape: The shape is described as two corners next to each other and possibly an existing shoulder. Thus, the shape of the “90 ° 45 ° shoulder 20" corresponds to the schematic image located next to the table and also shown in FIG. 5B. The table shows the other forms shown in FIG. 5A-5G. In all these tests, the cliche engraving depth for embossed printing was 100 μm, and the use of this embossed printing without ink allowed us to obtain a tangibility effect.

At the same time, the use of embossed printing with ink allows one to obtain tangibility on one side, which is accompanied by the perception of the texture defined by the ink itself.

The paints used are, for example, paint with the article number SICPA 9SP0001S, which is a cover white paint, and paint with the article number SICPA 9SP00021, which is a transparent white paint. They can be used independently of each other or mixed in any proportion.

In the case when, for aesthetic reasons and / or for technical reasons related to the configuration of the relief printing, or to combine the functionality of the sign for blind and textured areas with a protective aspect, color inks for relief printing can be used.

In the case of providing protection for inks, printing can be fluorescent, visible or invisible under ultraviolet radiation, equipped with chemical markers, etc. The same applies to white and transparent paints.

The above table shows that the engraving profile is not of great importance for detecting relief by groping. You can select a profile marked "90 ° 90 °", which has a serrated shape. By a jagged shape, one should understand an alternating sequence of elements in the form of protrusions and depressions, each of which has a cross section inscribed in a square or rectangle.

Similarly, a line, that is, a rib of 200 μm wide, separated from the next by a gap of 800 μm, provides optimal tangibility on the front side.

Similarly, a line (rib) 800 μm wide, separated from the next by a gap of 200 μm, provides optimal tangibility on the reverse side, and a smaller gap does not allow good tangibility.

Under these conditions, it is precisely the 30ʹ and 31 zones that provide the best “tangibility”, that is, the best perception by the fingers of the “tester”.

The application of this information is also shown in FIG. 6, where on one sheet 1 two tangible marks 2 are shown, each of which is located on one of the sides 10 and 11. These tangible marks are not located one above the other.

The region 30 of the textured zone 3 in the form of a “positive” on the front side 10 associated with the first tangible element 2 is located above the region 30 област of the textured zone 4 in the form of a “negative” complementary shape on the back 1, while the region 31ʹ of the textured zone 4 is in the form A “positive” on the reverse side 11, associated with the second tangible element, is located under the region 31 of the textured zone 3 in the form of a “negative” complementary shape on the front side 10, while these regions 30, 31 and 30, 31ʹ located on one side 10 11 I lyayutsya complementary.

Thanks to the technology of embossed printing, it is possible to perform textured areas on both sides of a banknote in one step, which is of particular interest from a technical point of view.

Depending on the technology used, the table below shows the depth of the obtained reliefs, while the cliché for relief printing has an engraving depth of 100 microns. The prints were obtained on a “embossing” embossing machine.

Measurements taken with the Altisurf 500 (registered trademark).

The engraving depth on the cliche should be at least 50 microns and ideally about 100 microns.

Let e denote the depth of the engraved line and E the interval or interval between the two lines. F is the frequency of the lineature, that is, in this case, the distance between two lines.

By definition: e + E = F.

To meet the challenges of tactile recognition, the present invention, after testing on a select group of visually impaired / blind people, should ideally satisfy the following formulas:

e≥100 μm and preferably 200 μm,

F≥500 μm and preferably 1000 μm.

It follows that E = F-e≥400 μm and preferably 800 μm.

In FIG. 7-9, in the upper projection on the front side of the document, adjacent tangible marks 2 and their nearby textured zones are shown.

Conventionally, the areas shown in black protrude above the common plane of the sheet, while the areas shown in white represent depressions.

These figures show that, in addition to alternating lines forming grooves and ribs, other relief forms can be used.

So in FIG. 7 shows black-painted square areas of different sizes.

In FIG. 8 and 9, the shapes in the form of circles and four-pointed stars are used.

Finally, in FIG. 10 shows a tangible mark covered by a textured zone 3, part 31 of which is formed by randomly located protruding squares, while part 30 also contains randomly located small square depressions. The squares are identical in size and do not have a rotation angle between them (that is, oriented in one direction).

FIG. 11 is similar to FIG. 10, except for the shape of the elements in the form of protrusions or depressions, which is random. In addition, these elements are arranged randomly relative to each other.

Of course, these examples are not limiting.

Claims (17)

1. A method of manufacturing a security document made in the form of a sheet (1) containing at least one tangible protruding mark (2) on at least one of its two opposite sides (10, 11), allowing visually impaired people to feel this labels (2) to identify a specific feature of the specified document and participate in determining its authenticity, while the specified label (2) is at least partially surrounded by at least one first textured area (3), which is a turn a feature that differs by touch and stands out from the rest of the indicated sheet (1), while its second side (11, 10) also has a second textured zone (4), moreover, these textured zones are simultaneously formed (3, 4), characterized in that: - apply a cliche (6) for embossed printing, containing engraved elements (60, 61), configured to form on the sheet (1) a textured zone (3) containing regions (30, 31), while the first region (30) is formed adjacent groove (301) and ribs (300), forming on the other side of the sheet a complementary region (30 ') provided with ribs (301') and grooves (300 '), and the second region (31) is formed by adjacent ribs (310) and grooves (311) forming on the other side of the sheet a complementary region (31 ') provided anavkami (310 ') and the rib (311'), said pair of regions (30, 31; 30 ', 31') form said first and second textured zones (3, 4); - in this case, apply the equation: e + E = F, where e is the depth of the engraved line of the specified cliche (6), E is the gap between two lines, F is the frequency of the lineature, at e≥100 microns and F≥500 microns. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the relief printing is carried out without ink. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the relief printing is carried out using colorless or white ink. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the relief printing is carried out using colored ink. 5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a security document is made in which said textured zone (3) includes at least one pair of regions (30, 31) located on two sides of said protruding mark (2) . 6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a security document is made in which said textured zone (3) completely surrounds said mark (2). 7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a security document is made in which said textured zone partially surrounds said mark (2). 8. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a security document is made in which said textured zone (3) is adjacent to a tangible mark (2). 9. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a security document is made in which said textured zone (3) is located at a distance from the tangible mark (2). 10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they produce a security document containing a tangible label (2) on each of these sides (10, 11). 11. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the said document contains a tangible mark (2) on each of these sides (10, 11), and these tangible marks (2) are not located one above the other, and the document is made so that the region (30) of the textured zone (3) in the form of a “positive” on one of the sides (10) associated with the first tangible mark (2) is located above the region (30 ') of the textured zone (4) in the form of a “negative” complementary forms on the other side (11), the region (31 ') of the textured zone (4) in the form of a “positive” on the other side (11), connected the one with the second tangible mark is located under region (31) of the textured zone (3) in the form of a “negative” complementary shape on one of the sides (10), while these regions (30, 31; 30 ', 31') are located on one side (10, 11) are complementary, and textured zones in the form of “positive” are similar on the indicated one (10) and the other (11) sides.

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