RU2620443C2 - Flight crew seat (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: seat is used by pilots (pilots) and moves horizontally (in the plane XOY) with adjustable lift height, without the possibility of rotation around the vertical axis OZ. Also, the seat can be used by the flight crew members: flight engineers, navigators, radio operators, operators and other users, and in addition to this can be rotated about a vertical axis OZ.

EFFECT: increased level of seats energy absorption in case of upright, lateral and longitudinal side impacts in the extreme emergency, simplifying design, reducing weight, increase in maintainability and resource.

19 cl, 35 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the equipment of aircraft, primarily aircraft of the transport category, operated from concrete and unpaved runways, and in particular to the arrangement of seats for the flight crew: pilots, flight engineers, navigators, radio operators and other users.

Armchairs are designed to provide functional responsibilities on airplanes in the most comfortable conditions possible during the flight with the possibility of short rest. Also, the seats can minimize the possibility of injury, especially of various parts of the spine, in the event of an emergency landing.

In connection with the harmonization of Russian and international aviation requirements, the requirements for manufactured aviation equipment, including to the seats of pilots (pilots) and members of the flight crew (flight engineers, navigators, radio operators, operators and other users) of aircraft. First of all, the changes touched on higher requirements for energy absorption for static and dynamic loads imposed on seats, namely, dynamic strength in overload 16g for longitudinal-side impact and overload 14g to vertical-side impact.

In addition, requirements for many other parameters have increased: functionality, ergonomics, maintainability, etc. In this regard, the design of the seats, made on the basis of developments made back in the days of the USSR, turned out to not meet modern requirements. Therefore, at present, there is a need for more advanced designs of aircraft seats that meet the current regulatory aviation requirements.

Known energy-absorbing seat of a crew member of an aircraft (RF Patent No. 2154595 Energy-absorbing seat of a crew member of an aircraft Serebryakov VA, IPC B64D 25/04, Publ. 20.08.2000). According to the invention, the energy-extinguishing seat of the crew member of the aircraft contains a base with guides on which the body, the locking mechanism, the spring mechanism and the quenching mechanism mounted on the base are supported by upper and lower sliders. The locking mechanism is equipped with spring-loaded pins fixed to the housing. The spring mechanism supports the housing while adjusting the seat height. The mechanism of energy suppression is made in the form of knives mounted on base rails with the possibility of moving along them with a slice of longitudinal protrusions in the grooves of the rails. The base is equipped with side racks. The racks with the lower ends are built into the rails and are connected to them by means of shear pins. The racks are made with holes for the pins of the locking mechanism. Knives are mounted on racks in front of the ends of the rails. The ends of the guides are made with grooves for the sliders. The sliders are placed on the outside of the base and are provided with grooves for racks that are located on the inside of the base. The grooves for the racks are made with longitudinal protrusions located at the ends opposite the cutting edges of the knives. The cylinders of the spring mechanism are fixed with the upper ends on the uprights, and the lower ends on the seat casing.

The disadvantage of this chair design is that the design of energy-absorbing nodes involves working exclusively along the guide racks. The main part of the vertical load from the weight of the person sitting on the chair comes to the middle part of the seat, which is located at a considerable distance in front of the suspension components of the chair frame. This leads to the fact that the frame of the chair experiences additional bending moments, which, in turn, create additional loads in the horizontal plane, acting on the suspension nodes of the frame and energy-absorbing elements. This complicates the work of the sliders during the energy-absorbing movement of the chair, limiting the range of angles of possible emergency touchdowns of the aircraft. In addition, the possibility of skewing and jamming of energy-absorbing elements increases.

The known design of the energy-absorbing seat of an aircraft, mainly a helicopter, selected as an analogue of the energy-absorbing seat of a helicopter (RF Patent No. 2270138 Energy-absorbing seat of an aircraft, Golovin V.V., Egorov V.A., Kostyuchenko V.A., Mikheev S.V., Pozharsky A.L., Severin G.I., Sobolev P.P., Slukhanov G.N. IPC B64D 25/04, B60N 2/50. seat and backrest, vertical struts, the lower ends of which are rigidly attached to the helicopter floor, the upper suspension unit, made in in the form of a pair of sliders that are mounted movably on vertical rails, the lower frame suspension unit, two shock absorbers, characterized in that the vertical guides are rigidly fixed to the back, and the lower suspension unit is made in the form of a rotary platform, one end installed in the lower part of the vertical struts by means of a hinge and the second, movable, end connected to the middle part of the seat by means of a hinge and with shock absorbers, which opposite ends are fixed in the upper parts of the uprights, and two the slider is connected to the upper parts of the uprights by means of hinged assemblies.

In addition, a feature of this energy-absorbing seat of the helicopter is that the shock absorbers are made in the form of articulated sliding rods.

Another distinctive feature of this energy-absorbing seat of the helicopter is that the hinge assemblies are made in the form of forks mounted pivotally in the upper parts of the uprights.

The operation of the helicopter seat is as follows. Under operational loads, the frame of the chair, which includes the backrest and seat, together with the person sitting on it, is kept from moving relative to the suspension units with the help of shock absorbers. In case of emergency landing of the helicopter, when the shock load acting on a person sitting on a chair exceeds the permissible limits in value, the seat frame moves down, acting on shock absorbers that absorb shock energy.

The disadvantages of this invention are the high metal consumption and massive structure. In addition, the energy-absorbing chair is rigidly fixed to the floor of the aircraft, it does not have adjustment for human height, which reduces the functionality and performance of the chair and limits its use.

A known design of the energy-absorbing seat of an aircraft, mainly a helicopter, selected as an analogue (RF Patent No. 2500008 Energy-absorbing seat of an aircraft, Nafikov I.YU. IPK B64D 25/04, B60N 2/427, F16F 7/12 Publ. 10.12.2013), the development of which was aimed, first of all, at maintaining its operability while increasing the range of angles of possible emergency landings, as well as simplifying its design and reducing its mass.

This energy-absorbing seat of an aircraft contains a frame made in the form of racks, a cup of a chair and suspension units, while the racks are equipped with rails with an energy-absorbing device rigidly installed in each of them, which is made in the form of a boxed part provided with grooves for the racks, eyelets for fastenings on the uprights of the frame, a niche with an emphasis for installing a plate, the other end of which is fixed to the suspension unit, while the suspension units are made in the form of sliders movably mounted in the guide their racks.

In addition, this energy-absorbing chair is equipped with a tethered system and a longitudinal adjustment mechanism mounted on the chair cup.

The use of this design allows you to optimize the loads coming on the chair during an emergency landing, significantly reduce the possibility of skewing of the sliders, which are affected by the maximum bending moment. Removing energy-absorbing devices into a separate mechanism allows you to reduce the weight of the struts of the chair, to simplify their design, which is important when using the chair on an aircraft. In addition, this design allows for quick access to all nodes of the energy-absorbing seat of the aircraft, thereby increasing its operational performance.

However, a significant drawback of this technical solution is that it is designed primarily for helicopters and has a limited functionality due to the lack of adjustable (turning) armrests, as well as the lack of the ability to deflect the backrest, turns around its own axis.

A design of an aviation seat for a user with a parachute is known, in which the cup used to lay the parachute, together with the latter, serves as the seat of the seat. This technical solution was developed and used for aircraft of the IL brand, in particular IL-76TD-90 VD, which can be considered the closest in number of common features and in technical essence to the proposed invention and, accordingly, the prototype (IL-76T (TD) Pilot seats - description and operation, Appendix No. 1), according to which the flight crew seat contains rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a seat support, a seat, a backrest, a lifting device, a rollback fixing device, under locators, a tethered system, and the rails form a rail track for moving the chair and are made on the basis of profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them and fastening the lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, while holes for fixing the rollback are formed in the rails, and in At the beginning and end of the rails, limiters are installed to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail track, and the movement supports contain shafts that attach them to the carriage, and are also mechanically connected to the rails with movement along the formed rail track, with a chair support attached to the top of the carriage, in which continuous gutters are created that act as vertical guides for moving the chair seat, containing rollers with the ability to move along these gutters, the backrest consists of a frame and is covered with a cover, a filler is introduced between the cover and the front side of the backrest frame, and the lifting device includes a rotatable lifting handle mounted on the seat of the chair, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical by an input, a mechanical flexible cable and lift springs attached to the seat of the chair and create an effort to lift it, moreover, this cable mechanically connects the lift handle to the mechanical input of the lock to lock the lift, while the rollback locking device includes a rotatable pullback handle attached to the seat of the chair , two flexible cables and two pullback locks with movable pins mounted on the back of the chair and locking the chair during movements by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, and these bend such cables mechanically connect the rollback handle with the movable locking pins, the armrests containing a bracket and a flywheel, while using the brackets the rear armrests are attached to the corresponding sides of the back with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position, and the armrests are adjusted with the handwheels, and the attachment system includes, among other things shoulder and waist belts, buckle and inertial reel, with the possibility of inertial fixation of shoulder belts.

The above prototype is the basic and basic design of a non-rotating pilot seat, predetermined, first of all, by the need not only to comply with aviation safety regulations, but also partially by the design, overall dimensions and layout of the cockpit, the composition of the flight crew, the degree of automation of aircraft control and other reasons.

However, historically, at a certain stage, within the framework of the unified initial design concept of seats for IL-76TD-90VD airplanes, the second close and related seat design for flight crew members (navigators, flight engineers, radio operators, etc.) appeared from the aforementioned pilot seat design. The main difference between this chair is the introduction of a rotary device with a rotation lock to enable the chair to rotate around a vertical axis.

Therefore, in the framework of the general design concept, such a technical solution can also be considered a prototype (second prototype) for the proposed invention in the form of a swivel chair around a vertical axis (IL-76TD-90VD, Technical Maintenance Instructions Flight Engineer Seat - description and operation, Appendix No. 2), according to which a flight crew seat containing rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a rotary device, a seat of a chair, a backrest, a lifting device, a rollback fixation device, a rotation fixation device a, the armrests, a tethered system, and the rails form a rail track for moving the chair and are made on the basis of profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them and fastening the lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, while holes for fixing the rollback are formed in the rails, and at the beginning and end of the rails, limiters are installed to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail gauge, and the four movement supports from below are attached to the carriage with the possibility of movement along the formed p rail track, and on top of the carriage is attached a rotary device based on a rotating connection similar to a ball bearing, in which holes are formed to fix the rotation, also in the rotary device non-through gutters are created that act as vertical guides for moving the seat of the chair, containing rollers with the possibility of movement along these gutters, the back consists of a frame and is covered with a cover, and a filler is introduced between the cover and the front side of the back frame, and the lifting device includes a rotatable lift handle mounted on the seat of the chair, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical input, a mechanical flexible cable and lift springs attached to the seat of the chair and create an effort to lift it, this cable mechanically connects the lift handle with the mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lift wherein the rollback fixation device includes a rotatable rollback handle attached to the seat of the chair, two flexible cables and two rollback locks with movable pins mounted on the rear side resla and locking the chair during movements by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, while these flexible cables mechanically connect the pullback knob with the movable clamp pins, and the rotation locking device consists of a pivoting turn knob mounted on the seat of the chair, a flexible mechanical cable and a clamp rotation with a movable pin locking the chair during turns due to mechanical coupling of this movable pin with holes formed in the rotary device, the handle it is mechanically connected by a flexible cable to this movable pin, while the armrests contain an arm and a flywheel, and with the help of brackets, the armrests at the rear are attached to the corresponding sides of the back with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position, flush with the backrest, and the armrests are adjusted with the handwheels, and the attachment system includes, among other things, shoulder and waist belts, a buckle and an inertial reel, with the possibility of inertial fixation of the shoulder belts.

In these chairs, at least the carriage is a molded product, and the cup used in the seat is a welded structure. The disadvantages of these technical solutions include the following:

- low resistance in emergency situations to a peak overload of 16g (with a longitudinal-side impact) and 14g (with a vertical-side impact) for seats and high peak overload exceeding the permissible values for the pilot and / or members of the flight crew determined by modern international requirements and harmonized aviation rules AP-25 adopted for the CIS countries. These overloads can lead to irreversible damage to the seats and damage to the spine of a person, especially in the cervical regions and in the pelvic region, and sometimes even fatal outcomes;

- lack of use for pilots and / or members of the flight crew without a parachute used as a seat, damping peak overload and adjustable backrest deflection, adjustable head restraint and lift indication (only for the pilot's seat);

- high requirements for production equipment in the manufacture of seats, determined by the need for spot welding and foundry for some parts and because of this low maintainability of seats;

- large mass, high complexity and cost of production;

- limited service life for two wheelsets for movements.

The technical problems solved by the invention are the elimination of the above disadvantages, as well as the following:

- increase the resistance of seats in emergency situations to peak overload to a value of 16g (with a longitudinal-side impact) and to a value of 14g (with a vertical-side impact) and reduce peak overloads affecting the pilot and / or members of the flight crew during such impacts,

- expanding the functionality of the seats,

- simplifying the design of seats, reducing weight, increasing maintainability and reducing the requirements for production equipment for their production.

These technical problems are solved by the flight crew chair containing rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a seat support, a seat, a backrest, a lifting device, a rollback fixing device, armrests, a tie system, and the rails form a rail track for moving the chair and are based on profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them and fastening the lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, while holes are formed in the rails for fixing the rollback, and at the beginning and end the rails are equipped with limiters to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail track, and the movement supports contain shafts that fasten them to the carriage, and are also mechanically connected to the rails with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track, and a chair support is mounted on top of the carriage, in which through gutters are created acting as vertical guides for moving the seat of the chair, containing rollers with the ability to move along these grooves, while the back consists of a frame and is covered with a cover, while m, a filler is introduced between the cover and the front side of the backrest frame, and the lifting device includes a rotatable lifting handle mounted on the seat of the chair, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical input, a mechanical flexible cable and lifting springs attached to the seat of the chair and creating an effort to lift it, moreover, this cable mechanically connects the lift handle with the mechanical input of the lock to lock the lift, while the rollback fixation device includes a rotatable rollback handle attached to the seat of the chair, two g side cables and two pullback latches with movable pins mounted on the rear side of the chair and locking the chair when moving by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, and these flexible cables mechanically link the pullback handle with the movable pins of the clamps, the armrests containing an arm and a flywheel , with the help of the brackets, the armrests at the rear are attached to the corresponding sides of the back with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position, and the armrests are adjusted with the flywheels, moreover the attachment system includes, among other things, shoulder and waist belts, a buckle and an inertial reel, with the possibility of inertial fixing of the shoulder belts, a back deflection device, two dampers, a lift indicator, a head restraint, longitudinal rails are introduced into the chair, while the profiled rail strips are made in the form of an I-beam, the upper shelf of which is used to direct the movement of the movement supports, and its faces form four planes for interfacing with the movement supports - the upper and lower, which are two horizontal and two lateral in the form of vertical and inclined, and the carriage consists of two sidewalls, as well as the front and rear jumpers, while the sidewalls forming the right and left sides of the carriage are connected to the front and rear by transverse front and rear jumpers, forming a figure similar to a rectangle, at the same time, a housing is inserted and connected to the shaft in each displacement support with the possibility of its mechanical connection with four planes of the upper rail shelf, and the shafts are inserted and fixed in front and behind each side of the carriage with a rotation axis, the displacement supports being connected to the rails, while the four planes formed by the upper rails of the rails are mechanically mated to the housings of the displacement supports, and the holes for fixing the recoil are formed in the longitudinal rails that are attached to the rails, and the recoil latches are fixed in the rear bridge of the carriage with the possibility of engaging with their movable pins of these holes of the longitudinal rails, while in the lock for fixing the lift, a lower and two side mounts are created, and the seat support consists of two side mounts pore walls, front, bottom, back and top screeds, forks, while these supporting walls are similar in shape to two rectangular triangles with unequal legs, and when assembled, longitudinally and vertically arranged supporting walls connected to the front, bottom, back and top, respectively transversely arranged front, lower, rear and upper ties, a figure is formed that is close in a triangular prism, and the smaller leg of each supporting wall, located horizontally, belongs to the lower side of the chair support, a large, married almost vertically - the back, and the third side is the front inclined side, while the supporting walls are fixed on top by the upper coupler, and inside each supporting wall, through channels are formed that are vertically opposite to each other and are guides for the vertical movement of the chair seat rollers, from the inside a fork is attached to the lower coupler, connected to the lower fastener of the lock for fixing the lift, while in the groove of the supporting wall, which, after assembly, is the right side chair ores, a vertical longitudinal through slit was created for the lift indicator, which is implemented by a movable arrow mechanically connected to the seat of the chair using the indicator bracket located outside this support wall and a ruler attached along this groove outside this support wall, with the support in front the chair is attached to the carriage due to axial fastenings through the created horizontal holes in the front of the side support walls and the side walls of the carriage, and at the back - due to two dampers connecting the back bridge of the carriage with the rear coupler of the chair support, forming for the chair support a movable swivel joint around an axis formed by axial mountings, the seat of the chair consisting of a seat and a rear mounting part used to create movable joints of the seat of the chair with the support of the chair with the possibility of vertical movement of the first, and also seats of a chair with a back with the possibility of turns of the latter, while the back deflection device includes a swivel back deflection handle attached to the In the fall of the chair, two flexible mechanical cables, two spring locks, each of which includes a control input and two end mounts, and flexible mechanical cables provide flexible mechanical communication between the back deflection handle and the control inputs of spring locks, and tubular guides with spring locks are introduced from the top of the back clamps, while for connecting to the mounting part of the seat of the chair in the lower part of the back there are two transverse holes located on the same axis, and two ears are formed on the back of the back moreover, the headrest includes a frame, a cover, a filler, two rod guides with a set of superficial grooves deposited on them, while the rod guides are connected to the frame, forming a fork-like appearance, and the place of this connection is covered sequentially with a filler and a cover, and the headrest is mounted on top of the backrest by introducing its rod guides inward tubular guides with fixation in discrete positions corresponding to the position of the surface grooves using spring clips, and at the end x of rod guides mounted abutments precluding output rod guide of the tubular guide,

the seat consists of horizontally arranged seat and base screens, left and right vertically arranged sidewalls, a seat damper, a rotatable knee pad, with a knee brace attached to it from below, a knee protector device, left and right side brackets, two lower brackets, fillers, three spring locks each with two end fittings and a control input, and the length of the sidewalls, exceeding the length of the seat screen and protruding beyond its limits with its rear parts, forms It fixes the fastening part used for connecting to the back with the seat support, the lifting device and the lift indicator, with the rear bracket, two adapters, two axles of the spring lock being additionally introduced into the mounting part of the seat, while the bottom, rear and top with a hook are attached to the base two vertically placed lower brackets, while from the bottom to the base and from the inside of the right lower inner bracket with the formation of a rotating joint, the spring-mounted knee pad is attached by the first end mount and the second with the end fitting, this spring lock with the formation of another rotating joint is mechanically connected to the arm of the kneecap, the left and right sidewalls being connected from the inner sides to the base and the seat screen, so that the seat screen is located above the base with a gap of 39 mm to 43 mm, preferably 41 mm, while a hole has been created in the seat screen by which the seat damper is attached from below to the seat screen, and a recess has been created in the base opposite this hole to stop this damper a seat handle, and a seat damper is installed in the gap between the seat screen and the base, abutting against the created recess, while the side brackets are attached to the base from above, behind, and with the lower engagement, forming a gap with the sidewalls of no more than 40-60 mm each of which two axes are installed for fixing with the possibility of rotation, respectively, of the lower end fastening of the spring locks and the lower part of the back side brackets, while on the inside, to each of the two side brackets are mounted on the lower edge a bracket mechanically connected from below, behind and with an upper engagement to the base and behind, mechanically connected by a transversely mounted vertical rear bracket, on which two adapters are installed with through horizontal holes, opposite each other, used to connect with the side locks of the lock for fixing the lift, and in four lifting springs are introduced on the seat of the chair, coupled on one side to the rear bracket, and on the other, to the upper coupler of the chair support and create the lifting force of the seat in the range from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf, and on the outer sides of the rear parts of the two lower brackets forming the rear mounting part, rollers are installed along the vertical line, two on each side, to ensure vertical movements of the seat of the chair, and on the right as the closer to the front side of the chair, the lower arm is equipped with a back deflection handle, a pullback handle and a lifting handle, the fillers are attached, respectively, to the seat screen and the kneecap using quick-release couplings wherein, the backrest frame includes two side brackets, a front bracket, a rear bracket, a bracket, a backrest support, a backrest coupler and a corner, the side brackets forming the sides of the frame to which the backrest is attached in front and attached to the side brackets from the top and front. the front bracket with which the rear bracket is connected, while the front and rear brackets fix tubular guides, the length of which does not exceed 50-100 mm, located along the back and used to attach the head restraint, spring clips are installed near the lower ends of the tubular guides, and the back brace and the corner are connected to the side brackets on the back side, on top of which the casing is mounted, forming the back side of the frame with its outer surface, while the first movable rotating connection of the chair seat with the back is carried out by introducing the lower parts the side brackets of the backrest into the gaps between the side brackets and the sidewalls of the seat, being fixed there due to axial fasteners piercing the side brackets in series seats, lateral holes in the side brackets of the back and side of the seat, and spring locks are used for the second mechanical connection of the seat to the back, with their first end mounts they are attached to the axis of the spring lock of the mounting part of the seat, and the second to the ears of the backrest frame, and in the initial position, the back of the chair is deviated from the vertical by an angle in the range of 11.8 ° to 12.2 °, preferably 12 ° and can deviate under the action of a pressure force of not more than 8 kgf from the initial position by an angle in the range of 18 ° to 22 ° , preferably 20 °, with fixing it in any intermediate positions, and the lock for fixing the lift consists of a body and a movable bracket, which in turn includes a rod with a rear wedge, which acts as a mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lift, a spring, a locking roller, two lateral and one lower fasteners, while the housing is a rod with rounded recesses formed on the outside, and the movable bracket is mounted on the housing with the ability to move along it, and in the movable bracket with rounded round recesses there is a movable rod supported by a spring, and the rear wedge of the rod presses the locking roller against the rounded recesses of the body and thereby fixes the movable bracket to the body, with the lower fastening of the housing connected to a fork attached to the lower coupler of the chair support, and connected to the lateral mountings of the movable bracket with two adapters mounted on the rear bracket of the seat, and it can have from 16 to 18, preferably 17 recesses,

wherein the seat damper consists of a flange expander, a flange tube and a fixing screw, and the flange expander has the shape of a truncated cone with a small and large diameters with a threaded central hole and a flange at the end of a large diameter, using a flange tube with a constant or variable wall thickness with the outer flange at one of the ends, and when assembled, the seat damper is formed by partially introducing the end of the flange expander with a small diameter into the flange tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, the flange tube of the seat damper abuts against the created recess with its outer flange, and the seat damper attached to the seat screen is pressed against it by the flange of the flange expander, while the knee deflector device consists of a knee deflector button fixed to the knee on the side connected by a flexible mechanical cable with the control input of the spring lock of the kneecap, containing two end brackets, and the spring locks of the back and the kneecap are implemented on the basis of a spring hydraulic lock .

The difference of the invention is that two straight rails are used, creating a straight rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, each rail consists of a front, an intermediate and a back, respectively, with lengths l ₁ , l ₂ and l ₃ , for connecting the front and rear parts with the front and rear pairs of support legs, and the length l ₂ is at least 50 mm, while the upper shelf is removed within the intermediate part of both rails, and the bridge height is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm , excluding the thickness of the shelves, with e the inclination angle β of the inclined side face forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the position of the inclined side faces on the sides of the upper shelves for both rails coincides, and the width of the upper shelf along it the upper surface is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, with longitudinal rails of length l ₄ not more than the length of the rear parts of the rails and attached to them longitudinally from the inside of the rail track, and the pitch between the holes l ₅ is 12.7 mm, while the rear ends uh their slats are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear portion of the rails.

Another difference of the invention is that in order to create an angular rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, four angular rails are used in the form of two pairs of front and rear rails, respectively, for the front and rear support legs, wherein each of the corner rails consists of longitudinal and angular shoulders, respectively, with lengths l ₆ and l ₇ , with a corner of rotation between them and in the range from 90 ° to 270 °, and the gap l ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is not less than 50 mm, with longitudinal re yokes with a length of l ₄ no longer than the longitudinal shoulders, with holes with a pitch of l ₅ between them being 12.7 mm, are attached on the inside of the rail track along the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails, and the rear ends of these rails are located at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end longitudinal shoulders of the rear part of the angular rails, the inclination angle β of the inclined side edge forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the inclined side face is located on the outside of the angle rail ca, and the width of the upper shelf along the upper horizontal edge is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, and the height of the lintel is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thickness of the shelves.

Another difference of the invention is that in the bearings, the shaft is implemented on the basis of the inserted support bolt, and the body consists of the body of the body, pin, thrust roller with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers, a straight plate, a plate with a radius, a cylindrical roller, a sleeve , six bolts, while the body of the body is close in shape to a cube with a square base and has a large lower and small upper parts with a common internal cavity, with a small upper parallelepiped in shape on a large lower one, while the square base of the body of the body has side sizes in the range from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm, with a central vertical hole formed through the upper part and one through horizontal hole formed in the lower part, with the support bolt passing through the first stepping out with a threaded rod, fixing with its head inside the small upper part, and in the lower part along the opposite sides two supports are formed with grooves with two rows of three equally spaced vertically bolt holes, while in the first support two grooves are formed at the location of the two extreme holes from the first row, into which two cylindrical guide rollers are inserted, fixed by a straight plate and pierced through by two extreme bolts, and two guide rollers form a vertical mating plane for the side a rectangular facet of the upper rail shelf, and in the second support a central groove is formed, into which a thrust roller is inserted in the form of a truncated cone with the base down and the cross-section on the sides at a horizontal hole, with an angle of inclination from its base β from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, forming an inclined plane of conjugation with an inclined side face of the upper rail shelf, fixed from below by a plate with a radius and a central bolt of the second support, while two cylindrical guides the rollers are staggered relative to the thrust roller, and the cylindrical roller is sequentially mounted with an interference fit on the sleeve, inserted into the internal cavity of the body of the housing and threaded with a pin with a gap with the possibility of rotation around n and, the pin is inserted into the through horizontal hole in the lower part and is limited in displacements by two central bolts from opposite rows of bolts, while the outer surface of the cylindrical roller tangentially forms the horizontal interface plane with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal interface plane, and the first support together with the introduced guide rollers is preloaded by a straight plate and the first row of three bolts, and the second support with a thrust roller inserted into the groove odzhata plate having a radius and a second row of the other three bolts, wherein a surface line of the plate and the plate having a radius inward casing bodies form a second horizontal coupling plane.

In addition, the invention is distinguished by the fact that the rails and the longitudinal rail are made of duralumin alloys, and the holes in the longitudinal rail have a diameter of 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the latch consists of a housing with an external a thread, of a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm.

A further feature of the invention is that each damper consists of a truncated cone extender with small and large diameters with a through center hole, a mounting kit tube consisting of a bolt and a nut with a washer, and a U-shaped bracket with an upper platform with a central hole and two lateral ears for mounting, forming an internal cavity, while one ear of the U-shaped bracket dampers are attached to the sides of the carriage, and the other to the rear bridge of the carriage, and the bolt from the mounting kit passes through the extender in series, starting with its large diameter, the tube, the hole of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket from the inside of its internal cavity, connects to the rear coupler of the chair support by fixing the nut and washer from the mounting kit to the chair support, while for the damper expanders through holes are created in the carriage with a diameter of at least its large diameter, and the end of the expander with a small diameter partially enters the tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, while on the outer surface of the tube, with a cylindrical flange is formed on the side of the end face that is not connected to the expander, and a corresponding recess is created in the internal cavity of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket, which ensures that this flange is combined with the recess in the assembled state and the tube is aligned with the expander, and dampers are set at a distance R ₀ in the range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm from the center of the axial mountings of the chair support to the carriage.

Another feature of the invention is that a tube with a constant or variable wall thickness is used.

Another difference of the invention is that a bolt with a cone-shaped connecting surface of its head and an expander with a corresponding cone-shaped recess in the surface of the base are used to connect them by inserting the first into the second.

A further feature of the invention is that an overlay, a frame, an insert, a rail, an adjustment screw, a hook, screws, a clip, rivets and an emphasis are additionally introduced into each armrest, while an internal cavity is created by the armrest frame, and the arm rotation is in the range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf, with an overlay attached to the top of the frame with a hook and one of the screws, and a clip is formed in front of the inner cavity of the frame, which is fixed to rotate the flywheel k with a rail located along the frame, the rail has rivets to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected to transmit rotation with an adjusting screw installed in the liner and placed in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame, and the end of the adjusting screw abuts against the stop fixed to the bracket and the adjusting screw has a predetermined range of rotation speed determined by the range of travel of its rear end, adjusting the angle of the armrest in the range from minus 20 ° to 8 ° from the horizon line, the length of the armrests is in the range from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and their width is from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm.

Within the framework of a single design concept, the indicated technical tasks are also achieved by the fact that the flight crew seat containing rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a rotary device, a seat, a backrest, a lifting device, a roll-back fixing device, a rotation fixing device, armrests, an anchor system, and the rails form a rail track for moving the chair and are made on the basis of profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them and fastening the lower shelves to the flight deck, holes are formed in the rails for fixing the rollback, and at the beginning and end of the rails there are limiters to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail gauge, and four support legs are attached to the bottom of the carriage with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track, and from above to a rotary device is attached to the carriage, based on a rotating connection similar to a ball bearing, in which holes are formed for fixing rotation, and several rotations are also created in the rotary device troughs that act as vertical guides for moving the seat of the chair, containing rollers with the ability to move along these troughs, the backrest consists of a frame and covered with a cover, a filler introduced between the cover and the front side of the backrest frame, and the lifting device includes a rotary lifting handle, mounted on the seat of the chair, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical input, a mechanical flexible cable and lift springs attached to the seat of the chair and create an effort to lift it, and this the cable mechanically connects the lift handle to the mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lift, while the rollback locking device includes a rotatable rollback handle attached to the seat of the chair, two flexible cables and two pullback clips with movable pins mounted on the back of the chair and locking the chair when moving behind due to the pairing of the movable pins with holes in the rails, while these flexible cables mechanically connect the rollback handle with the movable pins of the clamps, and the rotation fixing device consists of a turning handle mounted on a seat of a chair, a flexible mechanical cable and a turn lock with a movable pin locking the chair during turns due to mechanical coupling of this movable pin with holes formed in the rotary device, the turn handle being mechanically connected by a flexible cable to this movable pin, while the armrests contain an arm and a flywheel, and with the help of brackets, the armrests on the back are attached to the corresponding sides of the back with the possibility of rotation up to upright position, flush with the back, with the handwheels adjusting the angle of the armrests, and the attachment system includes, among other things, shoulder and waist belts, a buckle and an inertial reel, with the possibility of inertial fixation of the shoulder belts, a back deflector, two dampers, a head restraint, longitudinal rails are introduced into the chair. moreover, the profiled strips of rails are made in the form of an I-beam, the upper shelf of which is used to direct the movement of the movement supports, and four planes for tension with displacement supports - upper and lower, which are two horizontal and two lateral in the form of vertical and inclined, and the carriage consists of two sidewalls, as well as front and rear jumpers, while the sidewalls forming the right and left sides of the carriage are transversely connected front and rear located front and rear jumpers, forming a figure similar to a rectangle, while the movement support is a housing with a shaft with the possibility of mechanical connection of the housing with four planes of the upper rail shelf and the shafts are rotatably inserted at the front and rear of each side of the carriage, the displacement supports being connected to the rails, and the four planes formed by the upper rails of the rails are mechanically mated to the displacement support bodies, and the holes for fixing the recoil are formed in the longitudinal rails, which are attached to the rails, and the rollback latches are fixed in the rear bridge of the carriage with the possibility of engaging with their movable pins of these holes of the longitudinal rails, while in the lock for fixing the rise The lower and two side mounts are created, and the rotary device consists of a separator, a set of balls, a ring, a main plate, a rotary plate, two supporting rotary walls, an upper coupler and a fork, the main and rotary plates having a hole in the center and connected flat to each other, forming with the help of a connected separator, a set of balls and a ring a rotating connection similar to a ball bearing, while these supporting rotary walls are similar in shape to two rectangular triangles with unequal legs, and assembled A flush and vertically located supporting pivoting wall connected by a pivot plate and an upper screed forms a figure close in a triangular prism, with a smaller leg supporting pivoting walls connected to the right and left ends of the pivot plate and form its lower side, their large legs located almost vertically form the back the side of the rotary device, the third side is curved and is the front inclined side, and on top the supporting rotary walls are fixed with the upper screed, and from the inside and in each supporting rotary wall non-through grooves are formed, located opposite each other and which are guides for vertical movement of the rollers, the seat of the chair, while the rotation lock is attached to the rotary plate, and holes are formed in the main plate for engagement with its movable pin, and back to the rotary a fork is attached to the plate, connected to the bottom fastener of the lock for fixing the lift, while the front of the rotary device is attached to the carriage due to axial fasteners through the created horiz ntal holes in the front of the main plate and the sides of the carriage, and behind due to two dampers connecting the rear bridge of the carriage to the main plate, forming for the rotary device a movable rotating connection around the axis formed by these axial mountings, and the seat of the chair consists of a seat and fasteners for mechanical connections of the seat with the support of the chair with the possibility of vertical movement of the first and the seat with the back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, while the deviation device the backrest includes a rotating back deflector mounted on the seat, two flexible mechanical cables, two spring locks, each of which includes a control input and two end fasteners, and flexible mechanical cables provide flexible mechanical communication between the back deflection handle and the control inputs of spring locks, moreover, tubular guides with spring clips are introduced on top of the back, and two transverse openings are created at the bottom of the back for connecting to the mounting part of the seat, located two ears., and the head restraint includes a frame, a cover, a filler, two rod guides with a set of superficial grooves applied to them, while the rod guides are connected to the frame, forming a fork-like appearance, and this the connection is successively covered with a filler and a cover, the head restraint mounted on top of the back by introducing its rod guides into the tubular guides with fixation in discrete positions corresponding to the position of the surface grooves using spring clips, and at the ends of the rod guides installed stops that prevent the exit of the rod guides from the tubular guides,

in this case, the seat consists of horizontally arranged screen of the seat and the base, left and right vertically located sidewalls, a damper of the seat, a rotatable knee, with a knee bracket attached to it from below, a knee deflector device, left and right side brackets, two lower brackets, fillers, three spring locks each with two end mounts and a control input, and the length of the sidewalls, exceeding the length of the seat screen and protruding with its rear parts beyond l, forms the fastening part used to connect with the back, with the seat support, lifting device, and the rear bracket, two adapters, two axles of the spring lock are additionally introduced into the fastening part of the seat, while two are attached from the bottom, back and top with a hook to the base vertically placed lower brackets, while from the bottom to the base and from the inside of the right lower inner bracket with the formation of a rotating joint, a spring knee lock is attached by the first end mount and the second end lock this spring lock with the formation of another rotating joint is mechanically connected to the arm of the kneecap, the left and right sides on the inner sides being connected by a base and a seat screen, so that the seat screen is located above the base with the formation of a gap value from 39 mm to 43 mm, preferably 41 mm, while a hole has been created in the seat screen by which the seat damper is attached from below to the seat screen, and a recess has been created in the base opposite this hole to stop this seat damper, moreover, a seat damper is installed in the gap between the seat screen and the base, abutting against the created recess of the base, while the side brackets are attached to the base from above, behind, and with the lower engagement, forming a gap with the sidewalls of no more than 40-60 mm, each of which installed on two axes for fixing with the possibility of rotation, respectively, of the lower end fastening of the spring locks and the lower part of the side brackets of the back, while on the inner sides to each of the two side brackets are attached on the lower bracket it, mechanically connected from below, behind and with the upper engagement to the base and behind, mechanically connected transversely mounted by a vertical rear bracket, on which two adapters are installed with through horizontal holes, opposite each other, used to connect with the side locks of the lock for fixing the lift, and in four lifting springs are introduced to the seat of the chair, coupled on one side to the rear bracket, and on the other, to the upper coupler of the chair support and create an effort to lift_seat of the chair in in the range from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf, and on the outer sides of the rear parts of the two lower brackets forming the rear mounting part, rollers are installed along the vertical line, two on each side, to ensure vertical movements of the seat of the chair, and on the lower right as the bracket approaches the front side of the chair, the back deflection handle, the pullback handle and the lifting handle are placed sequentially, the fillers are attached, respectively, to the seat screen and the knee with quick-release connections, wherein the backrest frame includes two side brackets, a front bracket, a rear bracket, a bracket, a backrest, a backrest coupler and a corner, the side brackets forming the sides of the backrest to which the backrest is attached in front and the front one is attached to the side brackets top and front the bracket to which the rear bracket is connected, while the front and rear brackets fix tubular guides, the length of which does not exceed 50-100 mm, located along the back and used to attach the head restraint, the spring clips are installed near the lower ends of the tubular guides, and the back brace and the corner are connected to the side brackets on the rear side, the casing is mounted on top, forming the rear side of the frame with its outer surface, while the first movable rotating connection of the seat of the chair with the back is carried out with the introduction of the lower parts of the side brackets of the backrest into the gaps between the side brackets and the sidewalls of the seat, being fixed there due to axial fasteners piercing the side brackets in series seats, lateral holes in the side brackets of the back and side of the seat, and spring locks are used for the second mechanical connection of the seat to the back, while with their first end fasteners they are attached to the axis of the spring lock of the mounting part of the seat, and the second to the ears of the backrest frame, and in the initial position, the back of the chair is deviated from the vertical by an angle, in the range of 11.8 ° to 12.2 °, preferably 12 °, and can deviate under the influence of pressure not more than 8 kgf from the initial position by an angle, in the range of 18 ° d about 22 °, preferably 20 °, with fixing it in any intermediate positions, and the lock for fixing the lift consists of a body and a movable bracket, which in turn includes a rod with a rear wedge, which acts as a mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lift, a spring, a locking roller, two lateral and one lower fasteners, while the housing is a rod with rounded recesses formed on the outside, and the movable bracket is mounted on the housing with the ability to move along it, and in the movable bracket with a movable rod supported by a spring is placed on the side of the rounded recesses, and the rear wedge of the rod presses the locking roller against the rounded recesses of the body and thereby fixes the movable bracket to the body, with the lower fastening of the body connected to a fork attached to the lower coupler of the chair support, and the lateral mountings of the movable bracket connected to two adapters mounted on the rear bracket of the seat, and it can have from 16 to 18, preferably 17 recesses,

wherein the seat damper consists of a flange expander, a flange tube and a fixing screw, and the flange expander has the shape of a truncated cone with a small and large diameters with a threaded central hole and a flange at the end of a large diameter, using a flange tube with a constant or variable wall thickness with the outer flange at one of the ends, and when assembled, the seat damper is formed by partially introducing the end of the flange expander with a small diameter into the flange tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, the flange tube of the seat damper abuts against the formed recess with its outer flange, and the seat damper attached to the seat screen is pressed against it by the flange of the flange expander, while the knee deflector device consists of a knee deflector button fixed to the knee on the side connected by a flexible mechanical cable with the control input of the spring lock of the kneecap, containing two end brackets, and the spring locks of the back and the kneecap are implemented on the basis of the spring hydra castle.

Another difference of the invention is that two straight rails are used, creating a straight rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, each rail consists of a front, an intermediate and a back, respectively, with lengths l ₁ , l ₂ and l ₃ , for connecting the front and rear parts with the front and rear pairs of support legs, the length l ₂ being at least 50 mm, while the upper shelf is removed within the intermediate part of both rails, and the bridge height is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding polo thicknesses k, while the angle of inclination β of the inclined side edge forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the position of the inclined side faces on the sides of the upper shelves for both rails coincides, and the width of the upper shelves along its upper surface are from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, with longitudinal rails of length l ₄ not more than the length of the rear parts of the rails and attached to them longitudinally from the inside of the rail gauge, and the pitch between holes l ₅ is 12.7 mm, this back ontsy these strips are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear portion of the rails.

Another feature of the invention is that to create an angular rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, four corner rails are used in the form of two pairs of front and rear rails, respectively, for the front and rear support legs, while each of the corner rails consists of longitudinal and angular shoulders, respectively, with lengths l ₆ and l ₇ , with an angle of rotation between them a in the range from 90 ° to 270 °, and the gap l ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is at least 50 mm, with longitudinal rails d a ₄ l is not longer than the longitudinal shoulders, apertured, Step l ₅ between which is equal to 12.7 mm, attached to the inner side of the track along the longitudinal shoulders rear corner rail, and the rear ends of the slats are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the longitudinal the shoulders of the rear of the corner rails, the inclination angle β of the inclined side face forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the inclined side face is located on the outside of the corner rail, and Irina upper shelf along the upper horizontal boundary is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, and headroom is 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thicknesses of shelves.

In addition, the invention differs in that the shaft is realized on the basis of the inserted support bolt in the displacement bearings, and the body consists of the body of the body, the pin, the thrust roller with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers, a straight plate, a plate with a radius, a cylindrical roller, bushings, six bolts, while the body of the casing is close in shape to a cube with a square base and has a large lower and small upper parts with a common internal cavity, with a small upper parallelepiped shaped on a large lower one, while the square base of the body of the body has side sizes ranging from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm, with a central vertical hole formed through the upper part and one through horizontal formed in the lower part, with the support the bolt exiting with a threaded rod to the outside, fixed with its head inside the small upper part, and in the lower part along the opposite sides two supports are formed with grooves with two rows of three evenly spaced vertices bolt holes, while in the first support two grooves are formed at the location of two extreme holes from the first row, into which two cylindrical guide rollers are inserted, fixed by a straight plate and pierced through by two extreme bolts, and two guide rollers form a vertical mating plane for the side a rectangular facet of the upper rail shelf, and in the second support, a central groove is formed into which a thrust roller is inserted in the form of a truncated cone with the base down and the section in the side well of a horizontal hole, with an angle of inclination from its base β from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, forming an inclined plane of conjugation with the inclined side face of the upper rail shelf, fixed from below by a plate with a radius and a central bolt of the second support, while two cylindrical guides the rollers are staggered relative to the thrust roller, and the cylindrical roller is sequentially inserted with an interference fit on the sleeve, inserted into the internal cavity of the body of the housing and threaded with a pin with a gap with the possibility of rotation around him, and the pin is inserted into the through horizontal hole in the lower part and is limited in displacements by two central bolts from opposite rows of bolts, while the outer surface of the cylindrical roller tangentially forms a horizontal interface plane with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal interface plane, and the first support together with the introduced guide rollers is preloaded by a straight plate and the first row of three bolts, and the second support with a thrust roller inserted into the groove biased plate with a radius and a second row of the other three bolts, wherein a surface line of the plate and the plate having a radius inward casing bodies form a second horizontal coupling plane.

A further feature of the invention is that the rails and the longitudinal rail are made of duralumin alloys, and the holes in the longitudinal rail have a diameter of 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the rollback retainer consists of a body with an external thread , a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm.

Another difference of the invention is that the holes in the main plate have a diameter of 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the rotation lock consists of a body with an external thread, a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm.

Another feature of the invention is that each damper consists of a truncated cone extender with small and large diameters with a through central hole, a tube, a mounting kit consisting of a bolt and a nut with a washer, and a U-shaped bracket with an upper platform with a central hole and two side ears for mounting, forming an internal cavity, with one ear of the U-shaped bracket dampers attached to the sides of the carriage and the other to the rear bridge of the carriage, while the bolt from the mounting kit passes through the extender in series, starting with its large diameter, the tube, the hole of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket from inside its internal cavity, connects to the main plate of the rotary device by fixing it with a nut and washer from the mounting kit, while for the damper expanders in the carriage through holes with a diameter of at least its large diameter, and the end of the expander with a small diameter partially enters the tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, while on the outer surface of the tube, with a hundred ony end not connected to the expander is formed cylindrical flange and the inner cavity of the upper area a U-shaped bracket formed corresponding recess, providing in the assembled state the combination of the flange with the recess and the centering of the tube connections to the expander, the dampers set at the distance R ₀ in the range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm from the center of the axial mountings of the rotary device with the carriage.

Another difference of the invention is that they use a tube with a constant or variable wall thickness.

In addition, the invention differs in that a bolt with a cone-shaped connecting surface of its head and an expander with a corresponding cone-shaped recess in the surface of the base are used to connect them by inserting the first into the second.

Another difference of the invention is that an overlay, frame, insert, rail, adjusting screw, hook, screws, clip, rivets and emphasis are additionally introduced into each armrest, while an internal cavity is created by the armrest frame, and the arm rotation is in a range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf, with an overlay attached to the top of the frame with a hook and one of the screws, and a clip is formed in front of the inner cavity of the frame, which is fixed to rotate the flywheel with the rail located along the frame, the rail has rivets to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected to transmit rotation with an adjusting screw installed in the liner and placed in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame, and the end of the adjusting screw abuts against the stop fixed on the bracket, and the adjusting screw has a predetermined range of revolutions determined by the range of travel of its rear end, adjusting the inclination of the armrest in the range from minus 20 ° to 8 ° from the horizon line, When this armrests length ranges from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and their width - from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm.

Received a new quality from this set of features was not previously known and is achieved only in this invention.

The presented technical solutions are illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1, 2 represent a general view (front and rear) of a non-rotating pilot seat (seat No. 1).

In FIG. 3, 4 shows a general view (front and rear) of a swivel chair of the flight crew (seat No. 2).

FIG. 5-7 represent the rails (straight and angular) and their section.

In FIG. 8-10 shows the support of movement: a top view (Fig. 8), in cross section AA (Fig. 9) and when mounted on a rail in conjunction with a rollback retainer engaged with the longitudinal rail (Fig. 10).

FIG. 11 shows a carriage mounted on displacement supports.

In FIG. 12 shows a rollback latch device.

FIG. 13 depicts a seat support.

In FIG. 14-18 shows the location of the damper on the chair No. 2 (Fig. 14, 15) and various options for the damper (Fig. 16-18).

FIG. 19, 20 represent the mechanical construction of the seat without soft fillers for chair No. 2.

In FIG. 21, 22 show two options for a seat damper.

Using FIG. 23, a general view of the rear seat of armchair No. 2 with a partially depicted seat, a lifting device, and other components is reflected.

FIG. 24 depicts the back of a chair (without headrest).

In FIG. 25 shows a headrest mounted in the back of a chair.

FIG. 26 shows the design of the headrest.

In FIG. 27 shows a general view of a lock for fixing the lift.

FIG. 28 shows a partial right view of a chair No. 1 mounted on rails, with the possibility of longitudinal movements (according to the bidirectional arrow) with a lift indicator.

In FIG. 29 and 30 show a general view and arrangement of the armrest.

FIG. 31 represents a rotary device.

Using FIG. 32 and 33, the position of the seat (and the pilot sitting on it) in the normal state prior to the longitudinal-side impact F impact ₁ (Fig. 32) and the rotation of the seat by the angle Δγ around the axis AB and the energy absorption of this impact by the damper due to its elongation Δl _dem (Fig. 33).

Using FIG. 34 and 35 conditionally explain the state of the seat (and the pilot sitting on it) in the normal state until the vertical-side impact F impact ₂ (Fig. 34) and the compression of the seat when the energy is absorbed by the impact of the seat screen due to its subsidence, deflection (Fig. 35) .

The seats are installed in the cockpit in the direction of flight and are attached to the floor of the pilot's cabin using the guide rails. The present invention provides two types of aircraft seats:

- seat number 1 (Fig. 1, 2) is used by pilots (pilots), moves horizontally (along the XOY plane), with adjustable lift height, without the possibility of rotation around the vertical axis OZ;

- seat number 2 (Fig. 3, 4) is used by flight crew members: flight engineers, navigators, radio operators, operators and other users, performs all the functions of seat number 1 and, in addition, can rotate around the vertical axis OZ.

Creating the desired trajectory when moving the seats inside the pilot's cabin for the full-fledged work of pilots and flight crew members and fixing them to the floor is impossible without the use of rails, therefore it is accepted that the rails are an integral part of the seats.

The following are the angular deviations provided that the clockwise movement is taken as the positive direction (positive angle) when looking at the left side of the seats. Also, the main direction is considered the direction of the axis OX, along the direction of flight.

In addition, the description is made for armchairs with the right arrangement of handles, which means, for example, armchair No. 1, the location of the three handles on the right (sequentially, starting from the front): lift handles 1101, pullback handles 401 and backrest rejection handles 1001, and left handles locking shoulder straps 1502 (as in FIG. 1, 2). For the presented armchairs, the left arrangement of handles is also possible, as well as a special one (according to the original technical specifications), which fundamentally do not change the structure and functioning of the presented technical solutions.

Chair No. 1 consists of the following nodes: rails 1, horizontal movement supports (hereinafter referred to as movement supports) 2, carriage 3, rollback fixation device 4, chair support 5, dampers 6, chair seat 7, kneecap deflection device 8, backrest 9, a deviation device for the backrest 10, a device for the vertical movement of the chair (hereinafter referred to as the lift device) 11, the lift indicator 12, the armrests 13, the headrest 14, the seat system 15.

Most of the nodes listed above for chair No. 1 are fully and unchanged used in the design of chair No. 2, so the numbering is unified for them. Accordingly, chair No. 2 consists of the following nodes: rails 1, movement supports 2, carriage 3, rollback fixation device 4, rotary device 16, rotation fixation device 17, dampers 6, chair seat 7, kneecap deflection device 8, backrest 9, device deflection of the backrest 10, the lifting device 11, the armrests 13, the headrest 14, the harness 15.

The nodes of the seats listed above have the following composition and interactions.

To ensure the full operation of the flight crew by creating the desired trajectory when moving the seats, rails 1 are used, which creates a rail track in the XOY plane. Depending on the features of the pilot's cabin (overall dimensions, composition of the flight crew, etc.) the track can be straight or angled, formed respectively by two straight (Fig. 5) or four angled (Fig. 6) rails. To prevent the seats from going beyond the rail track, stoppers are used.

Rails are profiled strips in the form of an I-beam profile, section (with two horizontal shelves connected by one vertical bridge, Fig. 7). The height of the bridge at such a profile as the distance from the upper surface of the lower shelf to the lower surface of the upper shelf, i.e. excluding the thickness of the shelves, is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm The lower horizontal shelf of rails 1 is attached to the floor of the pilot's cabin, and the upper shelf is used for direction of movement, and its faces form four planes for interfacing with the movement supports 2 - upper and lower, which are two horizontal and two lateral in the form of vertical and inclined. The width of the upper shelf from the upper side is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm.

To create a straight track, as a rule, along the axis OX, i.e. along the flight direction, a set of two straight rails 101 and 102 (Fig. 5) can be used, each of which consists of front 103, intermediate 104 and rear 105 parts, respectively, with lengths l ₁ , l ₂ and l ₃ , for connecting the front and the rear parts with front and rear bearings 2. In this case, the length of the intermediate part l ₂ is at least 50 mm. Within the intermediate portion 104 of both rails, the upper shelf is removed. The inclined side faces on straight rails are aligned.

Along the rear parts of 105 rails from the inner sides of the rail track to the rails, they are attached along a longitudinal rail 106 of length l ₄ with vertical holes (for engagement with the movable pins 405 of the retention clips 403) with a pitch of l ₅ equal to 12.7 mm. These holes are used to fix the rollback (position) of the chair. The length of the longitudinal rails l _{4 is} not greater than the length of the rear parts of the rails, while the rear ends of these rails are located at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear parts of the rails.

To create an angular track, a set of four angular rails 107-110 can also be used: two front 107, 108 and two rear 109, 110 (Fig. 6), respectively, for the front and rear pairs of movement supports 2. Moreover, each of these corner rails consists of a longitudinal (along the axis OX) length l ₆ and angular length l ₇ shoulders. The angle of rotation (bending) of the angular track α, determined by the angle between the longitudinal and angular shoulders, can be in the range from 90 ° to 270 °. The gap (gap) l ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is at least 50 mm.

Along the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails 109 and 110 on the inner sides of the rail track are fixed along the longitudinal rail 111 of length l ₄ with vertical holes (for engagement with the movable pins 405 of the retention clips 403), also located with a step of l ₅ . These holes are also used to fix the rollback (position) of the chair. The length of the longitudinal rails of length l ₄ does not exceed the length of the longitudinal shoulders of the rails 109 and 110, and the rear ends of these rails are located at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the longitudinal shoulders. Moreover, for the angular rails 107-110, the inclined side face is located on their outer side.

For straight and angular rails, the inclination angle β of the inclined side face forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 ° (Fig. 7).

To pair seats with rails 1 and ensure smooth movement of seats along the XOY plane, movement supports 2 are used. As a rule, the total number of movement supports 2 is 4 pcs. and they are installed in vertical holes in front and behind the left and right sidewalls 301 of the carriage 3.

Each displacement support 2 (Fig. 8, 9) consists of a shaft 201 realized with a support bolt and a housing 202 consisting of a pin 203, a stop roller 204, with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers 205, a straight plate 206, plates with a radius of 207, a cylindrical roller 208, a sleeve 209, bolts 210, lower 211 and upper 212 of the body body.

The general view of the body is close in shape to a cube, with a square base (seen from above, Fig. 8) with side sizes l ₉ = l ₁₀ in the range from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm and with two parts: large lower 211 and located on it a small upper 212 parallelepiped shape having a common internal cavity (Fig. 9, 10). Through the upper part 212 one central vertical hole was made, and in the lower part 211 a through horizontal hole was made. At the same time, the support bolt 201 passes through the first (passed) one, leaving its threaded rod outward and fixing its head inside the small upper part 212 and, as a result, becomes the shaft of the entire displacement support 2, used for insertion into the vertical hole in the side of the carriage 3.

At the same time, in the lower part 211 of the body of the body along opposite sides, near the edges of the square base, two supports with grooves (cavities) are formed with two rows of three equally spaced vertical holes for bolts 210.

The thrust roller 204 has an outer cone-shaped surface of a truncated cone, with an angle of inclination from its base of 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, forming tangentially the oblique lateral plane of mating, mating with the inclined side face of the upper rail shelf. It is installed in the central groove with the base down and the cross section in the direction of the horizontal hole and is pierced by the central bolt 210 of the right second support (Fig. 9).

In this case, two cylindrical guide rollers 205 have an external cylindrical surface and are installed in cavities pierced by two extreme bolts 210 of the left first support, i.e. in a checkerboard pattern relative to the thrust roller 204. These two rollers 205 tangentially form a vertical plane of interface with the lateral rectangular face of the upper shelf of the rails.

A cylindrical roller 208 is mounted on an axial cylindrical sleeve 209, they are placed in the inner cavity of the body of the body and the latter is mounted on the pin 203 with a clearance for rotation, which is inserted into the horizontal through hole in the lower part 211 of the body of the body. The outer surface of the cylindrical roller 208 tangentially forms a horizontal interface plane with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal interface plane.

From the bottom, the two supports of the large lower part 211 of the body of the body are preloaded and fixed respectively (Fig. 9) with a straight plate 206 with the first row of bolts 210 (for guide rollers 205) and a plate with a radius of 207 with a second row of bolts 210 (for the stop roller 204). In this case, the surfaces of a straight plate and a plate with a radius directed inside the cavity of the body of the body form a second horizontal interface plane.

Bolts 210 provide rotation of the guides 205 and the thrust 204 rollers, and two central ones fix and limit the pin 203 in horizontal displacements.

This arrangement of the rollers 204, 205, 208, as well as the plates 206 and 207, is due to the connection of the displacement supports 2 to the rails 1 due to the interface with the upper, two lateral and lower planes of the upper rail shelf (Fig. 10), providing high load capacity, reliability and ride smoothness. So a sliding connection is made, allowing longitudinal and excluding lateral and vertical displacements of the first.

In FIG. 10 shows the connection of the displacement support 2 to the rail using the example of the rear part 105 of the direct rail 102, as well as the connection of the latch 403 with the longitudinal rail 106.

The carriage 3 (Fig. 11) is used in seats No. 1 and No. 2 and consists of two sidewalls 301, front 302 and rear 303 jumpers.

Two sidewalls 301, forming the right and left sides of the carriage 3, are connected at the front and rear by transversely arranged front bridges 302 and rear 303, forming a figure similar to a rectangle (when viewed from above). In the front and rear parts of each sidewall 301, vertical through holes are made for installing the supports 2, with which the carriage 3 is attached to the rails 1. Being the main power element, the carriage 3 holds the chair from above through the chair support 2 (for chair No. 1) or swivel device 15 (for chair No. 2).

In addition, horizontal through holes for axial fastenings (not shown) along the horizontal axis AB transverse to the seats connecting the carriage 3 with similar horizontal through holes in the front of the seat support 2 (for seat No. 1) or the rotary device 16 are made in front of the sidewalls 301 (for chair number 2).

Through holes are formed in the rear jumper 303 for mounting the latches 403 of the rollback fixation device 4.

The device for fixing the rollback 4 is used to lock the position of the seats No. 1 and No. 2 in the rails 1 and consists of a rotating knob 401 attached on the right side to the seat of the chair 7, mechanically connected with it two flexible cables 402 (shown in Fig. 11), connected to two detents 403, mounted on the rear jumper 103 of the carriage 3.

The design of the retention clips 403 includes the following main elements (Fig. 12): a body 404 with an external thread, a movable pin 405, a spring 406, and adjusting elements 407.

The movable pin 405 is mechanically connected to the cable 402, is pressed by the spring 406 and its outer part extends beyond the housing by at least 10 mm. An external thread on the housing 404 is used to secure the latch by screwing it into the threaded hole in the rear jumper 303. Adjusting elements 407 are used to adjust the movement of the movable pin 405 from the range of the cable tension 402.

Pulling the cable 402 by turning the pullback handle (pulling it toward you) 401 leads to the maximum retraction of the movable pin 405 into the housing 404 and is used to unlock the chair during movements. Subsequent release of the cable 402 leads to the withdrawal of the movable pin 405 by expanding the spring 406 and insertion into the hole of the longitudinal rail 106 (for straight rails 101, 102 - Fig. 5) or 111 (for angular rails 107-110 - Fig. 6) and engagement with a hole (Fig. 10) and fixing the chair in a new position.

Further, when describing the rotation fixing device 17, a rotation lock 1703 is used which is structurally completely similar to the rollback clamps 403 described above.

The support of the chair 5 (Fig. 1) is used only in the chair No. 1, from the bottom connects the carriage 3, conjugated with the rails 1, to the seat of the chair 7 located above and the back of the chair 9 and at the same time is used to absorb the energy of the longitudinal-side impact in an emergency.

The seat support 5 (FIG. 13) consists of lateral support walls (hereinafter referred to as support walls) 501, front 502, lower 503, rear 504 and upper 505 (shown in FIG. 23) ties, forks 506.

The supporting walls 501 are close in shape to two symmetrical right-angled triangles with unequal legs. After assembly of the longitudinally and vertically arranged supporting walls 501, connected to the front, bottom, rear and top, respectively, transverse to the front 502, lower 503, rear 504 and upper 505 ties, a figure is formed that is close in a triangular prism. At the same time, the smaller leg of each supporting wall 501, located horizontally, belongs to the lower side of the seat support 5, the large one, located almost vertically to the rear, the third side is the front inclined side, and the supporting walls 501 are fixed by the upper screed 505 from above.

On the inner sides of each abutment wall 501, through holes are formed, grooves 507, which are vertically opposite each other and act as guides for the vertical movement (vertical rails) of the rollers 717 of the seat 7 of the chair.

In the groove 507 of the supporting wall 501, which, after assembly, is the right side of the seat support 5, a vertical longitudinal through groove (slot) 508 is formed, which is used for the lift indicator 12. A fork 506 is attached to the lower coupler 503 to engage with the lift device 11 (lower mount 1111 lock for fixing the lift 1102).

On the rear screed 504 near the supporting walls 501, two through holes are formed for connection with dampers 6.

Near the apex formed by the lower and front sides of each supporting wall 501, transverse horizontal holes were made along the axis AB. These holes are used for axial fastenings when attaching the support of the chair 5 to the carriage 3. In addition, at the back of the chair No. 1, dampers 6 connect the support of the chair 5 to the rear jumpers 303 of the carriage 3. Around the axis AB, the chair No. 1 turns in case of an emergency in case of a longitudinal-side impact , most of the energy of which is extinguished by dampers 6.

Each of the two dampers 6 (Fig. 14-18) mounted on the chair consists of an expander (cone) 601, having the shape of a truncated cone with a through central hole, similar to a cone roller, a cylindrical tube (hereinafter referred to as the tube) 602, and a mounting kit 603 (bolts and nuts with a washer) and U-shaped bracket 604 with an upper platform with a central hole and two side ears for mounting, forming an internal cavity. In this case, on the bolt from the mounting kit 603, starting from its head, the expander 601 (with a large diameter to the head of the bolt), tube 602, U-shaped bracket 604 are sequentially mounted, ending with its upper platform and fixed with the nut and washer from the mounting kit 603. When this small diameter, the cross section of the cone 601 partially enters the tube 602 and this connection is located in the inner cavity of the U-shaped bracket 604.

A cylindrical flange (shoulder) 605 is formed on the outer surface of the tube 602, which is not connected to the cone 601, and a corresponding recess (ledge) 606 is formed for it from the inner cavity of the U-shaped bracket 604. In the assembled state, the flange 605 enters and aligns with a recess 606, providing centering of the connection tube 602-expander 601 in the internal cavity of the U-shaped bracket 604 and excluding its angular distortions. This ensures that the specified amount of energy suppression from the longitudinal-lateral impact of the entire damper 6.

In one embodiment of the seats, two dampers 6 are predominantly used, mounted on the rear side of the carriage 3, next to the bis detents using the U-shaped bracket 604, attached by the first ear to the rear bridge 303 of the carriage 3, and the second ear to its sidewall 101 (Fig. 14, 15). Using the mounting kit 603, the damper 6 is connected to the movable part of the chair (which rotates around the AB axis when damping energy from a longitudinal-side impact), namely with the support of the chair 5 (for chair No. 1) or with a rotary device 16 (for chair No. 2, Fig. 14, 15).

The damper 6 design, in which the cone 601 is made of a duralumin alloy, for example, D16T with a length of 15 mm and large and small diameters of 19 mm and 15 mm, was calculated, practically worked out and experimentally tested. The tube 602 can be made of stainless steel, for example, 12X18H10T and has a length of 22 mm, an inner diameter of 15 mm, an outer diameter of 19 mm. When assembling the damper 6, the expander 601 is inserted and pressed into the tube 602 (the tube 602 is pulled over the expander 601, Fig. 16-18) due to its partial expansion with a depth of at least 5 mm.

The dampers 6 are used to absorb (quench) the energy of movement of the moving parts of the seats (turning around the axis AB) from a sharp longitudinal-lateral impact, impact due to pressing a cone 601 inside the tube 602, leading to its plastic deformation and expanding to a maximum diameter of cone 601, but excluding rupture, destruction, etc. To ensure the maximum stroke of the cone 601 in the process of energy absorption in the jumper 303, through holes with a diameter exceeding the large diameter of the cone 601 were made (Fig. 15).

As shown by multiple full-scale tests with a longitudinal-side impact of 16 g for damper 6 with the above parameters, the maximum stroke of the expander 601 was about 15 mm. Those. the calculated and selected length of the tube was sufficient to completely absorb this shock due to plastic deformation (expansion) without breaking the tube 602.

Damper 6 is installed at a distance R ₀ in the range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm from axial mounts along the axis AB:

- chair support 5 to the carriage 3 for chair No. 1;

- the rotary device 16 to the carriage 3 for chair No. 2.

Depending on the requirements, the damper 6 can be performed in other versions. It is possible to use a cone-shaped tube 602 (form truncated cone) with a variable (for example, linearly varying) wall thickness, with external or internal (Fig. 17) cones. The function of changing the wall thickness can also be individually selected for specific biomedical indicators of a person.

In addition, to prevent angular displacements of the expander 601 and the tube 602 relative to the U-shaped bracket 604 and a corresponding undesirable decrease in the energy absorption efficiency of the entire damper 6, it is possible to use a bolt from the mounting kit 603 with a cone-shaped attachment surface of its head (Fig. 18), for example with a countersunk head and formed, for example, by countersinking, with a corresponding conical surface at the base of the expander 601 (“under the cone”) for it. When such a bolt enters the cone, an additional alignment of the cone 601 and tube 602 with respect to the U-shaped bracket 604 is ensured and guaranteed.

The seat of the chair 7 consists of a seat and a rear mounting part, while the seat consists of a flexible (movable) screen of the seat 701 of a rectangular shape, left and right vertical sidewalls 702, with the shape of a boot directed forward toe in the direction of the axis OX, the base of the seat 703, rectangular shape, seat damper 704, knee pad 705, with a bottom attached arm of the knee pad 706. left and right side brackets 707, soft fillers for the seat 708 and knee pad 709, two lower 710, rear 713 and four spring 716 brackets, lower 711 and the upper 712 axles, two adapters of the seat 714, four spring brackets 715, an arm for the cable 716, four rollers 717, an expander (cone) of the seat 718, including the flange of the expander 719, screw 720, seat tube 721 with the tube flange 722.

The vertically mounted left and right sidewalls 702 are connected from the inside by the rectangular base of the seat 703 and the seat screen 701. The seat screen 701 is located above the base 703 to form a vertical clearance of 39 mm to 43 mm, preferably 41 mm. In the gap, a seat damper 704 is located, located on the longitudinal axis of the seat of the chair 7 at a distance of not more than 120 mm from the rear edge of the seat screen 701.

From the bottom, back and top with a small hook, two vertically placed lower brackets 710 are attached to the base of the seat 703. In addition, from the bottom to the base of the seat 703 and from the inside of the lower right bracket 710 with the formation of a rotating connection, a spring lock 802 is attached to the rear (first) end mount. Front lock with a (second) end mount, this spring lock 802 is mechanically coupled to the arm of the knee pad 706 attached to the knee pad 705 from below, also forming a rotatable joint.

The angle of rotation of the kneecap 705 around the axis EF (Fig. 1-4) depends on the state of the spring lock 802. In this case, the maximum length of the spring lock 802 corresponds to the position of the raised kneecap 706, in the same plane with the seat screen 701, and with its minimum length, the kneecap 705 is lowered way down. To control the current state of the kneecap 705, the kneecap deflection device 8 is used, as presented below.

Sidewalls 702, exceeding the length of the screen of the seat 701 and the base of the seat 703 and protruding from behind their rear parts together with the side brackets 707 and the bottom 710, forms the back part used for connections:

- in a chair No. 1 with a backrest 9, a seat support 5, a lifting device 11, a lifting indicator 12;

- in a chair No. 2 with a backrest 9, a rotary device 16, a lifting device 11.

Side brackets 707 are attached to the base 703 from above, behind and with a lower engagement, located inside the sidewalls 702 and forming a gap with them, usually not more than 40-60 mm. Two axes are installed in each of two such gaps in the area of the fastening part: the lower axis 711 (Fig. 19) and the upper 712 (not shown) for pivoting, respectively, the lower end fastening of the spring locks 1002 and the lower part of the side brackets of the backrest 9 (Fig. 23).

A vertically located rear bracket 713 is transversely mounted at the rear of the lower brackets 710. Adapters 714 are installed on its outer side with horizontal through holes, opposite each other, used to connect with the side locks 1110 of the lock to secure the lift 1102.

In the upper part of the rear bracket 713 above the adapters 714, a cable bracket 715 is used, used in the process of transmitting the cable tension 1103 and mechanically linking the lifting handle 1101 to the lock for fixing the lifting 1102.

Four spring brackets 716 are installed on the bottom of both sides of the rear bracket 713, two front and rear, used to engage the springs 1104 and pull it to the upper coupler 505 (in the seat support 5 for chair No. 1, Fig. 86,) or the upper coupler 1608 (for the rotary device 16 in the chair No. 2, Fig. 23).

Outside and behind the two lower brackets 710, four rollers 716 are installed along a vertical line, two on each side. After connecting the seat of the chair 7, for example, with the support of the chair 5 (for chair No. 1), these rollers 710 move along the grooves 507, providing vertical displacement of this seat.

In chairs No. 1.2 on the lower right bracket 710, a lifting handle 1101, a pullback handle 401 and a back deflection handle 1001 are sequentially placed, starting from the front, in the chair No. 2, a turning handle 1701 is also installed on the left lower bracket.

The soft fillers of the seat 708 and the kneecap 709 (Fig. 23) are made, for example, of polyurethane foam, are removable using quick-detachable joints, for example, Velcro-type contact tapes, widely used for clothes, shoes and furniture and attached to the top of the seat and kneecap 705 These fillers 708 and 709 can be removed after an emergency in the form of vertical-side and / or longitudinal-side impacts, requiring repair and maintenance of the seat. Then, after carrying out all the necessary technical actions, these soft fillers 708 and 709 can again be installed on the seat of the chair 7.

The design of the seat damper 704 is basically similar to the dampers 6 described above, and is designed to absorb energy in a vertical side impact. In this seat damper 704, the expander (cone) of the seat 718 with the flange of the expander 719 on the large diameter side, rests against the bottom of the seat screen 701 and is fixed with a screw 720. The expander 718 is made of duralumin alloy, for example, D16T with a length of 15 mm and a large small diameters of 19 mm and 15 mm.

The seat tube 721 can be made of stainless steel, for example, 12X18H10T, has a length of 22 mm, inner and outer diameters of 15 mm and 19 mm.

When assembling the seat damper 704, a seat extender 718, attached from the side of its flange 719 by a screw 720 from the bottom to the seat screen 701, is inserted and pressed into the seat tube 721 (seat tube 721 is pulled onto the seat extender 718) due to its partial expansion with a depth of at least 5 mm With its flange 722, the seat tube 721 abuts against a recess (recess) 723 formed at the base of the seat 703.

The seat damper 704 is used in an emergency to absorb energy in a vertical-side impact acting from below on the chair when the seat screen 701 bends due to the inertia of the person’s body weight. With such a blow, the seat cone 718 is pressed into the seat tube 721, which leads to its plastic deformation and expands to the maximum diameter of the seat cone 721, but excluding rupture, destruction, etc.

As shown by multiple full-scale tests with a vertical-side impact of 14g for a seat damper 704 with the above parameters, the maximum travel of the seat expander 718 was about 15 mm. Thus, the calculated and selected length of the tube is sufficient to completely absorb this shock due to plastic deformation (expansion) without breaking the seat tube 721.

Depending on various requirements, the damper 704 can be made in other versions. It is possible to use a cone-shaped tube to control the function of extinguishing energy from moving the seat extender 718 inside the seat tube 721 and, for example, forming it as a non-linear function for different initial data (types of aircraft, biomedical parameters of the pilot and flight crew members, etc.) the shape of a truncated cone) with a variable (for example, linearly varying) wall thickness, with external (Fig. 22) or internal cones. The function of changing the wall thickness can also be individually selected for specific biomedical indicators of a person.

The knee deflector 8 device includes a knee deflect button 801 (FIG. 2, 23, 28), a spring lock 802 (FIG. 20) and a mechanical flexible cable 803 (FIG. 20).

A cable 803, most of which is attached to the base 703, mechanically connects the knee deflection button 801, mounted on the left sidewall 702, with a spring lock 802, which has two end fasteners (mounting parts). The first (rear) end fastener (fastener), the spring lock 802 is mechanically connected to the lower bracket 710 and the seat base 703 by a rotating connection, and the second (front) through the knee bracket 706 is connected to the kneecap 705 (Fig. 20).

The cable 803 provides a flexible mechanical connection between the knee deflection button 801 and the spring lock control input 802. The tension of the cable 803 with a force of no more than 3 kgf determines the state of the spring lock 802. By pressing the knee deflection button 801, the cable 803 is tensioned and the spring lock 802 is transferred into the open state (an uncommitted state, free to compress or stretch), which, as a result, allows the kneecap 705 to be deflected. If the button 801 is in its initial (ie, unpressed) state, then the spring lock 802 will be closed and rigidly fixed, so it will not be able to compress or stretch, and accordingly, the kneecap 705 will also be fixed.

The mechanical flexible cable 803 and the knee deflector button 801 can be implemented, for example, on the basis of one standard purchased product “Control cable with button MC21-32” manufactured by P.L. Porter Controls (USA, Internet resource - http://www.craneae.com/Products/Cabin/ControlCables.aspx).

The spring lock 802 can be implemented, for example, on the basis of standard purchased controlled hydraulic locks, brand 1-10-3С5Ахх, manufactured by P.L. Porter Controls (USA, Internet resource - http://www.craneae.coni/FToducte/Cabin/Hydrolok.aspx).

The backrest 9 (Fig. 24) is used to create a comfortable working environment and includes two side brackets 901, front bracket 902, rear bracket 903, bracket 904, backrest support (frame) 905, backrest coupler 906, corner 907, two ears 908, two tubular guides 909, soft filler 910, cover 911.

The side brackets 901 form the sides of the back of the chair 9, to which the back of the backrest 905 is attached in front of their entire area. Top (and front) to the side brackets 901 is attached a front bracket 902, to which a rear bracket 903 is connected. The front 902 and rear 903 brackets fix tubular guides 909 (Fig. 25) located along the backrest 9, with a length of not more than 50-100 mm, used for mounting the head restraint 14. Such a connection, like a socket with two holes (have a rosette-like appearance), forms a pair of joint rod guides 1404 of the head restraint 14 (Fig. 26) with a gap allowing it to move and set at the desired level due to slippage ( Fig. 25).

An ear 908 is formed in the lower part of each side bracket 901, which is used to fasten the seat 7 to the seat (by connecting with the second end fasteners of the spring locks 1002), and is also made through a transverse through hole that are located on the same axis of the LED (Fig. 24 )

Near the lower ends of the tubular guides 909 located inside the backrest 9, spring clips 912 are laterally mounted (FIG. 25), each with a spring loaded ball. Due to the emphasis of the latter, especially in cases of dropping balls into grooves formed on the rod guides, the desired level of head restraint 14 is fixed.

On the back side, side brackets 901 connect the backrest coupler 906 and corner 907, on top of which the casing is mounted, forming the back side of the backrest 9 with its outer surface. In the assembled state, the 911 seat is put on the back of the chair 9, and a soft filler 909 is fixed between it and the backrest support 905. , for example, from polyurethane foam.

The backrest 9 is attached to the seat of the seat 7 by introducing the lower parts of its side brackets 901 into the gaps between the side brackets 707 and the sidewalls 702 and fixing there with the possibility of rotation around the axis of the LED (Fig. 23) using the upper axles 712.

Another point of attachment of the backrest 9 to the seat of the chair 7 is determined by the position of the ears 908, which are attached to the deflection device of the backrest 10, in particular to the second end fasteners of the spring locks 1002, which allows you to set the desired deviation of the backrest 9.

In one embodiment, in the initial position, the back of the chair 9 is deviated from the vertical by an angle in the range of 11.8 ° to 12.2 °, preferably 12 ° from the vertical. And it can deviate under the action of the pressure force of the upper body with a value, as a rule, not more than 8 kgf) from the initial position by an angle in the range of 18 ° to 22 °, preferably 20 °, with its fixation in any intermediate positions.

The device deflecting the backrest 10 includes a rotating handle deflecting the backrest 1001 (Fig. 2, 4), two spring locks 1002 (Fig. 15, 23), two mechanical flexible cables 1003.

Two cables 1003 connect the deflection handle of the backrest 1001, mounted on the lower right bracket of the seat of the chair 7, with two spring locks 1002, each of which includes two end fasteners (mounting parts). The first (lower) end fastener (fastener), the spring locks 1002 are attached to the rear axle 711 of the seat 7, and the second (upper) rear of the backrest 9, to its ears 908 (Fig. 24).

The cables 1003 provide a flexible mechanical connection between the handle for deflecting the backrest 1001 and the control inputs of the spring locks 1002. By pulling the cables 1003, the state of the spring locks 1002 is regulated with a force of not more than 3 kgf: pull the cables 1003 and spring locks by pulling the handle 1001; 1002 are transferred to the open state (free compression / stretching), which, as a result, allows you to deflect the back of the seat 9. If the handle 1001 is in the initial state, then the spring locks 1002 will be closed, they will not be able to compress or stretch, respectively 9-retarded backrest will also be recorded.

Spring locks 1002 can be implemented, for example, on the basis of standard controlled hydraulic locks, brand 1-10-3С5Ахх, manufactured by P.L. Porter Controls (USA, online resource - http://www.craneae.coni/Products/Cabin/Hydrolok.aspx).

The lifting device 11 is used to adjust the vertical position of the seats of seats No. 1 and No. 2 and its operation is based on the interaction of elements of different nodes.

To lift the seat of the chair 7 in the chair No. 1, non-through guide rails 507 (Fig. 13) are used, which are formed in the supporting walls 501 of the support of the chair 5. During the lifting process, the rollers 717 move along these grooves 507, entraining the seat of the chair 7 and, thereby , providing a smooth installation of its desired height.

In the chair No. 2 for lifting the seat of the chair 7 are used non-through guide channels 1610 (Fig. 15, 31) formed in the supporting rotary walls 1607 of the rotary device 16.

In the lifting device 11, a lifting handle 1101 (Fig. 1, 3) is used, mounted on the right on the lower bracket 710 of the seat of the chair 7, a lock for fixing the lift 1102 (Fig. 27), a cable 1103 (Fig. 23) and four lifting springs 1104 ( in Fig. 23 only two of them are partially shown). In this case, the lifting springs 1104 mechanically connect and tighten the seat of the chair 7, clinging on one side to its rear bracket 707 with spring brackets 716, and on the other (depending on the type of chair):

- clinging to the upper screed 505 of the chair support 5 (for chair No. 1),

- clinging to the upper screed 1608 of the rotary device 16 (for chair No. 2).

The lock for fixing the lift 1102 (Fig. 27) is a locking device designed for vertical loads up to 14g and consists of a housing 1105 and a movable bracket 1106, which in turn includes a rod 1107 with a rear wedge, a spring 1108, a locking roller 1109, two side 1110 and one lower 1111 mount.

The housing 1105 is a rod with rounded recesses formed on the outside. The movable bracket 1106 is mounted on the housing 1105 with the possibility of sliding (moving) on it. In the movable bracket 1106 from the side of the rounded recesses, a rod 1107 is placed, with the possibility of movement, supported by a spring 1108. In this case, the rear wedge of the rod 1107 presses the locking roller 1109 to the rounded recesses of the housing 1105 and thereby fixes the movable bracket 1106 on the housing 1105.

The lifting handle 1101 with a flexible cable 1103 is mechanically connected to the rod 1107. The housing 1105 is connected from below to the support of the chair 5 (using fork 506 for chair No. 1) or the rotary device 16 (using fork 1609 for chair No. 2 - Fig. 15). The lateral mounts 1110 of the movable bracket 1106 lock for fixing the lift 1102 is connected to the rear bracket 713.

By turning (pulling yourself) the lifting handle 1101 through the flexible cable 1103, it is possible to pull the spring-loaded rod 1107 from the movable bracket 1106, which, with its rear wedge, releases the locking roller 1109. This allows the movable bracket 1106 to move along the housing 1105 to entrain the seat seats 7 with guided rollers 717 along the guide grooves 507 (for chair No. 1) or 1609 (for chair No. 2) in the desired direction:

- on the rise by tightening the four lifting springs 1104 with a force of from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf,

- lowering under the influence of the user's own weight, if he weighs more than 50-60 kg.

After releasing the lifting handle 1101 and accordingly loosening the flexible cable 1103, the spring-loaded rod 1107 is retracted by the spring 1108 and presses the locking roller 1109 into the nearest rounded recess, thereby fixing the movable bracket 1106 and blocking it from moving.

The housing 1105 used in the chair No. 1 may have from 16 to 18, preferably 17 recesses and thus this chair has from 16 to 18, preferably 17 intermediate height positions. Accordingly, in chair No. 2, there can be from 11 to 13, preferably 12 recesses with a similar number of intermediate height positions.

Lift indicator 12 is used only in the seat No. 1 to indicate the current level of its rise and its adjustment to set the desired field of view of the pilot.

The lift indicator 12 (Fig. 28) is implemented due to the arrow 1201, mechanically connected by an indicator bracket 1202 (not shown) with the seat of the chair 7 through the groove 508 in the right of the support walls 501. On the outside of the right support wall 501, a ruler is attached parallel to the groove 508 1203 length corresponding to the full range of chair lift.

Vertical movements of the seat of the chair 7 lead to the corresponding vertical movements of the bracket 1202 with the arrow 1201. These movements are measured by the attached ruler 1203. The maximum lifting range of the chair No. 1, as a rule, is 180 mm - 90 mm in each direction relative to the middle selected for the zero point and seats No. 2, respectively, 130 mm and 65 mm.

For the convenience of pilots and flight crew members, both types of seats are equipped with two (left and right backrest 9) armrests 13, which can independently, independently of each other, occupy any position between extreme horizontal (in the direction of flight) and vertical (up) positions with turns around the axes of the GH (Fig. 1-4).

The device of the armrests 13 is shown as an example of the right armrest (Fig. 29, 30), attached with the bracket 1301 to the back 9, and contains a pad 1302, frame 1303, insert 1304, wheel (flywheel) 1305, rail 1306, adjusting screw 1307, hook 1308, screws 1309-1311, clip 1312, rivets 1313, emphasis 1314.

An internal cavity is created by the armrest frame 1303, and the back part of the frame is connected to the bracket 1301 with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position (up) or flush with the back with an effort not exceeding the range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf.

An overlay 1302 is secured on top of the carcass by means of a hook 1308 and a screw 1309. A clip 1312 is formed in front of the inner cavity of the carcass 1303, and the wheel 1305 is fixed for rotation with a rail 1306 located along the armrest frame 1303. This rail 1306 has rivets 1313 to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected for transmitting rotation with the adjusting screw 1307 installed in the liner 1304 located in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame 1303. The rear end of the adjusting screw 1307 abuts against Op 1314 attached to the bracket 1301. The adjusting screw 1307 has a predetermined range of the rotation number of revolutions determines the range of its stroke the rear end regulating tilt of the armrest 13 in the range from - 20 ° to 8 ° from the horizon line.

The length of the armrests is in the range from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and the width is from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm.

For the convenience of short-term rest of pilots and flight personnel, and especially to exclude damage to the cervical spine during longitudinal-side impact in emergency situations, the seats are equipped with a head restraint 14.

The headrest 14 (Fig. 26) is mounted on top of the backrest 9 and includes a frame 1401, a cover 1402, a filler 1403, two rod guides 1404 with a diameter of 8 mm to 15 mm, preferably 10 mm, with surface grooves 1405 (recesses, notches, grooves) in the area from 45 mm to 55 mm long, preferably 50 mm. At the ends of the rod guides 1404, stops 1406 are installed that protect against the complete removal of the headrest 14.

The rod guides 1404 are connected to the frame 1401, forming a fork-like appearance (like a fork with two teeth), and the place of this connection is successively covered with a filler 1403, for example, of polyurethane, and a cover 1402 creating a headrest cushion 14. It has dimensions in height, width and thickness. not more than 200 mm for each parameter, while the length of the rod guides 1404 extending beyond the headrest cushion is not more than 200 mm.

The headrest 14 is mounted on top of the backrest 9 by inserting its rod guides 1404 into the tubular guides 909 (FIG. 25), forming a gap between them of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.3 mm. The spring clips 912 are pressed with their spring-loaded balls to the grooves of the rod guides 1404 and fix them in discrete positions corresponding to these grooves by dropping the spring ball into them. In one of the seat options, the force of pressing the spring clips 912 sets the force for moving the headrest evenly applied to its side parts at least 14 kgf.

The spring clip is a one-piece standard product, for example, manufactured by HEINRICH KIPP WERK (Germany, Internet resource - http://www.kippcom.ru/App/WebObjects/XSeMIPSKIPP.woa/cms/page/locale.ru RU / pid .1097.1105.1226 / agid.13221 / ecm.ag / index).

The attachment system 15 (Fig. 1, 3) is used to fix the user's body at different stages of the flight of the aircraft and especially during an emergency landing or when it is incapacitated.

In one embodiment, the harness 15 can be 4-point with a locking mechanism for shoulder straps and consists of length-adjustable waist belts that are attached to the side of the chair; shoulder straps with an inertial locking mechanism (inertial coil) 1501 installed in the back 9 (Fig. 24); buckles that fix (or unlock) two waist and two shoulder belts; the mechanism of mechanical fixation of the shoulder straps, including the locking handle of the shoulder straps 1502 (Fig. 1, 3), a flexible cable, mechanically connected with an inertial coil 1501.

As the attachment system 15, a standard product 1-10-3C5Axx manufactured by Schroth Safety Products GmbH (Germany, Internet resource http://www.schroth.com) can be used.

The implementation of the rotation of the chair No. 2 around the vertical axis OZ and its fixation is ensured by the joint operation of the rotary device 16 and the rotation fixation device 17. In addition, the rotary device 16 (and two dampers 6) absorbs the energy of the longitudinal-side impact in an emergency.

The pivoting device 16 (Fig. 31) consists of a separator 1601, a set of balls 1602 (not shown), a ring 1603, a main plate 1604, a pivoting plate 1605, supporting pivoting walls 1607, an upper coupler 1608 (not shown) and a fork 1609.

The rotation fixing device 17 consists of a rotation handle 1701 (Fig. 3), a flexible cable 1702 (Fig. 15, 23) and a rotation lock 1703 (Fig. 15, 23). The rotation handle 1701 is installed with the lower left bracket of the seat 7 of the chair and is mechanically connected by a flexible cable 1702 (Fig. 15, 23) with a rotation lock 1703 (Fig. 15, 23) mounted on the turntable 1605 (Fig. 15, 23).

The main plate 1604 and the pivot plate 1605 have a hole in the center and are connected flat to each other, forming with the help of the connected separator 1601, a set of balls 1602 and a ring 1603, a movable rotating joint similar to a rotating ball bearing (Fig. 31).

Longitudinally and vertically arranged supporting rotary walls 1607 are attached to the turntable 1605 from the lateral sides (right and left), similar in shape to two right-angled triangles with unequal legs, the upper screed 1608 fixes them from above. The assembled longitudinally and vertically located supporting rotary walls 1607 connected by a rotary plate 1605 and an upper coupler 1608, a figure is formed close in a triangular prism. At the same time, the smaller leg of each supporting wall 1607, located horizontally, is connected to the rotary plate 1605, the large, located almost vertically to the rear, the third side is curved and is the front inclined side, while the upper supporting rotary walls 1607 are fixed by the upper screed 1608.

On the inner sides in the support rotary walls 1607 formed through holes, grooves 1610 located vertically opposite each other and acting as guides for moving the rollers 717 when lifting the seat 7 of the chair.

The upper coupler 1608 (FIG. 23) of the rotary device 16 is completely similar to the upper coupler 505 of the seat support 5.

In the front, in the main plate 1604, transverse horizontal holes were made, located on the same AB axis, used for axial fastenings when connected to the carriage 3. In addition, two dampers 6 connect the rotary device 16 to the rear bridge 303 of the carriage 3 in the back of the chair. Thus, in an emergency in the form of a longitudinal-side impact, most of the energy is absorbed by the dampers 6, and chair No. 2 rotates around this axis AB.

A fork 1609 and a rotation lock 1703 are attached to the rear of the turntable 1605. The fork is attached to a lower lock fixture 1111 to secure the lift 1102.

When fixing the desired angle of rotation to interface with the movable pin of the rotation lock 1703 on the turntable 1605, a set of holes (or through holes) located around the circle is formed. To prevent winding and destruction of flexible cables, the maximum angle of rotation around the OZ axis of the turntable 1605 relative to the main plate 1604 is structurally limited to 335 °.

As was previously shown, the rotation lock 1703 is structurally completely similar to the rollback clamps 403 described above. Under the axial mounts in the axes AB (seat support - carriage, rotary device - carriage) and LED (backrest - sidewalls of the seat of the chair), well-known detachable joints can be used with the ability to provide rotation of the connected parts, for example, with a washer with a cotter pin.

So, in one of the executions, chair No. 1 has the following overall dimensions:

- the height is from 1135 mm to 1155 mm, preferably 1145 mm (provided that the backrest is in its original position);

- the width in the transverse direction is from 550 mm to 560 mm, preferably 555 mm;

- the width in the longitudinal direction (provided that all movable elements are in the initial position) is from 700 mm to 710 mm, preferably 705 mm.

Armchair No. 2 in one of the versions can also have the following overall dimensions:

- the height is from 1185 mm to 1205 mm, preferably 1195 mm (provided that the backrest is in its original position);

- the width in the transverse direction is from 550 mm to 560 mm, preferably 555 mm;

- the width in the longitudinal direction (provided that all movable elements are in the initial position) is from 700 mm to 710 mm, preferably 705 mm.

Both types of seats and means of fixation are designed for people from 1.57 m to 1.9 m in height, preferably 1.75 m. All devices, blocks and mechanisms that make up the proposed seats are collapsible and resistant to vibration loads of all phases of an airplane’s flight .

The proposed seats with adjustments and energy suppression work as follows.

The seats No. 1, 2 are moved to the desired working position in the XOY plane by pulling (by turning “toward you”) the pullback handle 401 and unlocking the pullback latches 403 by pulling the spring-loaded movable pins 405 with the flexible cable 402 and out of engagement with the holes of the longitudinal rails of the rails one.

Further, due to the creation of force when pushing (or pulling) the feet on the floor, the chair moves to the most convenient working position and then releasing the recoil knob 401, the spring-loaded movable pins 405 are brought out and due to small movements of the chair “back and forth”, they are secured in the guide rails of the floor for introducing these pins into the holes of the longitudinal rails. Armchairs can have 15 working positions in the range of 177.8 mm in increments of 12.7 mm.

The rotation of the chair can only be carried out for chair number 2. To the desired working position, the rotation is carried out by pulling (turning "towards yourself") the rotation handle 1701 and the corresponding release of the rotation lock 1703 (Fig. 15) by pulling the spring-loaded movable pin 1705 (not shown) into the housing using a flexible cable 1702. Further , similar to the previous case, due to the creation of the force of circular rotation (clockwise or vice versa), the chair turns with its feet on the floor to the most convenient working position. By releasing the pivot handle 1701, the pivot lock 1703 enters the working state of fixation with the movable pin 1705 withdrawn for engaging, mechanically mating with the hole in the main plate 1604 corresponding to the selected rotation of the chair. Turning the chair "left-right" to a small extent achieve its fixation in the guide rails of the floor.

The height adjustment of the seats No. 1, 2 is carried out by pulling (turning on “yourself”) the lifting handle 1101, which pulls the cable 1103, ultimately pulls the spring-loaded wedge-shaped rod 1107 (Fig. 23), releasing the locking roller 1109 and unlocking the movable bracket 1106 . So the latter becomes movable relative to the housing 1105.

Then the user sits down on the chair and, due to its own weight, brings it down to the required level (for lowering) by stretching the lifting springs 1104 attached to the rear bracket 713 and the upper coupler 505 of the chair support 5 (for chair No. 1) or the upper coupler 1608 of the swivel device 16 (for chair No. 2). Or, with a little harassment, when the chair as a result of compression of the lifting springs 1104, rises to the required level. Developed lifting force is usually from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf. Further, by releasing the lifting handle 1101, the chair is fixed.

For ease of operation, and to increase visibility, the seats have discrete adjustment, for example, in increments in the range from 8 to 12 mm, preferably 10 mm, in the vertical direction and locked in intermediate positions, for example, in the range from 170 mm to 190 mm, preferably 180 mm for chair No. 1 and in the range from 120 mm to 140 mm, preferably 130 mm for chair No. 2.

In addition, in the chair No. 1 due to the use of the chair lift indicator 12, it is possible to display and then remember the desired values.

Deviation of the patella of the seats No. 1, 2 is carried out by pressing the control button with an effort of not more than 3 kgf and under the influence of the pressure force of the pilot's legs (not more than 8 kgf) from the initial horizontal position upwards from 10 ° to 14 °, preferably 12 ° and down in the range from 13 ° to 17 °, preferably 15 ° with fixing it in any intermediate positions. When you remove the load from the legs and when you press the control button, the kneecaps smoothly return to the upper position.

The backrest deviation No. 1, 2 is carried out by lifting the backrest deflection handle 1001 up, for example, with a force of not more than 3 kgf, and pulling the flexible cables 1003 the spring locks 1002 open (unlock) (Fig. 23), which in turn will unlock the backrest 9. By pressing the body of the body, with an effort of not more than 8 kgf, a person deflects it to the desired position (with a positive deflection angle) by an amount in the range from 18 ° to 22 °, preferably 20 ° from the initial deviation from the vertical, in the range from 10 ° to 14 ° preferably 12 °. In the process of pressing the backrest 9 with the unlocked spring locks 1002, their length decreases, and the spring built into it is compressed.

The deviation of the back of the chair with a negative deflection angle occurs due to the bending of the upper part of the human body with the spring locks 1002 unlocked and their corresponding lengthening due to the expansion of the built-in spring.

After selecting the desired position by the user, the deflection handle of the backrest 1001 is released, the cables 1003 are released, and the spring locks 1002 go into a locked state with the backrest 9 secured in the selected position.

To move up the armrests (Fig. 23) of the chair No. 1, 2, pull the front of the armrest upward, with a force in the range of 2 to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf. The armrest will latch upright. The armrest is moved to a horizontal position in the reverse order.

The adjustment of the working position of the armrest is carried out by rotating the flywheel 1305 (Fig. 28) independently for each armrest. The rotation of the wheel 1305 in one or the other direction, leading by means of the rail 1306 to the rotation of the screw 1307, respectively, leads to the twisting (or screwing) of its rear end and, due to abutment against the emphasis 1314, raising or lowering the entire armrest.

Adjusting the position of the head restraint in height of the seats No. 1, 2 is carried out by moving it, for example, with a force of at least 14 kgf, evenly applied to both side parts of the head restraint in the desired direction (up or down) to a comfortable position. The fixation of the headrest is carried out automatically for the use of built-in spring clips 912 (Fig. 25).

The energy absorption of the proposed seats from the effects of two types of strokes is as follows.

For longitudinal-side impact.

At the initial time, the connection of the chair with the carriage 3 is determined by two points: point M (axial mounting of the chair with the carriage) and the second conditional point N (mounting the chair to the carriage 3 through the damper 6) located at a distance of the radius of rotation circle R ₀ from the axis AB ( Fig. 32).

With a longitudinal-side impact F, _{impact1 the} chair deviates from its original position and rotates around the axis AB in the negative direction (counterclockwise) within a small angle Δγ between the axes MP (before the impact) and MP '(after the impact) by lengthening the damper Δl _dem with absorption of impact energy and displacement of the attachment point from point N to point N '(Fig. 33).

In this case, most of the energy of the longitudinal-side impact F, _{impact1 is suppressed by the} damper 6 due to mechanical expansion of the tube 602 when the cone 601 enters it by the value Δl _dem , and a smaller residual part of the impact energy F _impact1 affects the body of a seated person.

For vertical side impact.

At the initial time, a person sitting on a chair pushes through soft fillers 718 and 719, and the installed seat damper 704 in the gap between the seat screen 701 and the base 703 has a maximum length of 1 _dc1 (Fig. 34).

With a vertical-side impact from the bottom of the seat F, _{impact2, the} mechanical structure begins to shift upward and put pressure on the person from below. Due to the inertia of mass and flexibility, the human body does not have time to move at a similar speed and begins to put pressure on the seat screen 701. Under the influence of this pressure, the seat damper 704 is compressed to 1 _dc2 (Fig. 35) due to the seat extender 718 entering the seat tube 721. In the process, the seat damper 704 absorbs most of the energy of the vertical side impact F _impact2 . A smaller residual part of its energy falls on the body of a seated person.

The essence of the proposed technical solutions is as follows.

1. In order to increase the resistance to peak overloads of seats and reduce the loads on the pilot and / or flight crew members, these technical solutions propose the implementation of special measures for energy absorption during longitudinal and vertical-side impacts.

To protect against longitudinal-side impact, structurally the seats are made of two parts: movable and fixed, the first of which is attached to the second axis of rotation AB and can rotate relative to it. Dampers 6 are also introduced to absorb the energy of this shock, connecting them. The movable part of the seats includes a chair support (for chair No. 1) or a swivel device (for chair No. 2) and upstream nodes. The fixed part of the seats includes a carriage and downstream nodes.

The axis of rotation AB conditionally forms the first attachment point — a fixed point M in the form of the center of a circle of revolution with a radius R ₀ . The dampers 6, which are actually chords to this circle, form, due to their small size, the conditional point N of the seat attachment to the carriage (Fig. 32).

A longitudinal-lateral impact leads to a rotation of the chair within a small angle Δγ between the axes MP (before the impact) and MP '(after the impact) by lengthening the dampers 6 Δl _dem and shifting the conditional attachment point from point N to point N' (Fig. 33 ) and absorption of more of its energy. In this case, the chair and the body of the person pressed by the attachment system to it do not experience maximum loads, which preserves the integrity of the first and prevents possible damage to the spine of the second.

To absorb vertical-side impact energy, the seat structure of the seats is flexible with a built-in seat damper 704. In a vertical-side impact, the seat damper 704 is compressed and most of the impact energy is absorbed.

The dampers 6 and seat dampers 704 are a one-time module that absorbs impact energy due to plastic deformation of the tube when expanding from pressing a cone into it. The thickness of the tube can be either linear or nonlinearly changing, forming the necessary energy absorption function upon impact, selected for different initial data in the form of design features of aircraft, biomedical indicators of the pilot and members of the flight crew, etc.

2. In order to provide both maximum mobility and reliable fixation, protected from lateral and vertical displacements, it is proposed to use rails and displacement supports conjugated with each other when moving the seats (Fig. 5-10). The rail section is similar to a section of an I-beam, with an upper shelf having opposite rectangular and angular (at an angle β) lateral ends with vertical and inclined faces. In this case, the support supports rotating around the vertical axis OZ have a square (when viewed from above) and close to a U-shaped cross-section (when viewed from the side), which due to the use of rollers built into the interior, are mechanically coupled to four planes of the upper rail shelf. This design of the support supports allows you to provide high load capacity during impacts and guaranteed mobility, mobility and the ability to turn with a minimum radius (for corner rails).

3. To improve maintainability, the proposed chair designs are collapsible, which allows for the replacement of dampers within 5-7 hours after each impact, making them reusable and replacing the desired unit, if necessary, with minimal time and labor costs and low hardware requirements.

4. To expand the functionality in the proposed seats, it is mainly proposed to: introduce dampers to absorb peak overload (chairs No. 1, 2), introduce a lift indicator (chair No. 1), introduce height-adjustable head restraints (chairs No. 1, 2), implement the possibility of adjustable deflection of the back (chair number 1, 2).

In February 2014, official qualification dynamic tests of the proposed seats for the impact of vertical and longitudinal-side impacts were carried out in order to confirm compliance with the requirements of international rules and AP-25 rules.

These tests showed that the proposed seat designs in emergency situations withstand an overload of 16g for a longitudinal-side impact and an overload of 14g for a vertical-side impact.

The probability of damage to the spine, primarily in its cervical regions and in the pelvic area of the pilot (or a member of the flight crew), as well as lethal outcomes, is reduced, the human fixation system is able to withstand dynamic loads and remains attached at all points of attachment. For the proposed chair designs, the maximum total load was:

for longitudinal-side impact:

- in the upper torso, including in the cervical spine 476 kgf against the maximum allowable 907 kgf;

- in the lower body in the pelvis and lumbar spine amounted to 320 kgf against the maximum allowable 680 kgf;

for vertical side impact:

- in the upper torso, including in the cervical spine 238 kgf against the maximum allowable 907 kgf;

- in the lower part of the trunk in the pelvic and lumbar spine amounted to 320 kgf against the maximum allowable 680 kgf.

Inspection of the seats after the tests showed the following: rails (straight and angular) in the places of fastening of the chair without deformation; front and rear support displacements were in the initial state; all the main power components of the chair (brackets, backrest, seat, spring locks) without deformation, lifting device, swivel device, armrest covers remained intact and were in working condition.

In addition, the feature of collapsible structures allows you to make them maintainable and even in some cases reusable with quick and low-cost repairs in specialized maintenance centers. For example, after an emergency and using a resource of built-in disposable dampers (and, if necessary, several parts), the maximum time for their replacement and re-bringing the chairs in working condition (repair time) for their collapsible structures is no more than 7-8 hours , i.e. no more than one work shift. In some cases, it is permissible to have a minimum spare part for the repair of seats. In this case, special technological equipment will not be required, and the qualification of the worker will not exceed the level of the collector.

It can also be seen from the description that practically all the details making up both types of chairs can be made on widespread milling and / or lathes, machining centers or similar equipment, does not require the use of a rare special one, including welding equipment. Also, rare and special materials are not used in the chairs.

The mass of the offered seats in the basic configuration does not exceed 33-35 kg and they are completely movable and / or portable by one person. The design of the supports for moving chairs allows them to provide high mobility with a large angle of rotation of the corner rails.

The proposed seats were certified in spring 2014 according to the aviation rules of the AP-25 and by now both an experimental batch of seats had already been delivered and their serial production for various modifications of the Tu-204/214, IL-76 aircraft was established. All technical documentation for the production of armchairs and the nomenclature of the materials used are approved. This confirms the practical feasibility of the proposed technical solutions.

As can be seen from the whole description, the proposed chairs can increase the peak load level in an emergency in case of a longitudinal-side impact to a value of 16g and a vertical-side impact to 14g, determined by modern international safety requirements. They have significantly broader functional capabilities, have a simpler design with less weight and higher maintainability, reduced requirements for production equipment for the production of such chairs and, accordingly, successfully solve the technical problems.

Claims (19)

1. A flight crew seat comprising rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a seat support, a seat, a backrest, a lifting device, a rollback fixation device, armrests, a tethered system, the rails forming a rail track for moving the seat and made on the basis of profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them and fastening the lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, while holes are formed in the rails for fixing the rollback, and at the beginning and end of the rails there are limiters for exceptions for rolling out the chair beyond the rail track, and the movement supports contain shafts that attach them to the carriage, and are also mechanically connected to the rails with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track, and the chair support is mounted on top of the carriage, in which through holes are created, acting as vertical guides for moving the seat of the chair, containing rollers with the ability to move along these gutters, while the back consists of a frame and is covered with a cover, while between the cover and the front side of the car the back is filled with a filler, and the lifting device includes a rotary lifting handle mounted on the seat of the chair, a lock for fixing the lifting with a mechanical input, a mechanical flexible cable and lifting springs attached to the seat of the chair and creating a force to lift it, this cable mechanically linking the handle lift with a mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lift, while the rollback fixation device includes a rotatable rollback handle attached to the seat of the chair, two flexible cables and two pullback locks with under movable pins mounted on the rear side of the chair and locking the chair during movements by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, and these flexible cables mechanically connect the pullback handle with the movable locking pins, the armrests containing an arm and a flywheel, with armrests using brackets from the back they are attached to the corresponding sides of the back with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position, and the armrests are adjusted with the flywheels, and the tethered system includes among other shoulder and waist belts, buckle and inertial reel with the possibility of inertial fixation of shoulder belts, characterized in that a back deflector, two dampers, a lift indicator, a head restraint, longitudinal rails are introduced into the chair, while the profiled rails are made in the form of an I-beam, the upper shelf which is used to guide the movement of the movement supports, and its faces form four planes for interfacing with the movement supports - upper and lower, which are two horizontal, and two side in the form vertical and inclined, and the carriage consists of two sidewalls, as well as the front and rear jumpers, while the sidewalls forming the right and left sides of the carriage are connected to the front and rear by transverse front and rear jumpers, forming a figure similar to a rectangle, while in each the displacement support is introduced and connected to the shaft by a housing with the possibility of its mechanical connection with four planes of the upper rail shelf, and the shafts are inserted and fixed to the front and rear of each side of the carriage for rotation, The displacement supports are connected to the rails, while the four planes formed by the upper rails of the rails are mechanically mated to the housings of the displacement supports, and the holes for fixing the recoil are formed in the longitudinal rails that are attached to the rails, and the retention latches are fixed in the rear bridge of the carriage with the possibility of engagement with their movable pins of these holes of the longitudinal rails, while in the lock for fixing the rise, lower and two side mounts are created, and the seat support consists of two side support walls, in front of lower, back, and upper screeds, forks, while these supporting walls are similar in shape to two rectangular triangles with unequal legs, and when assembled, they are longitudinally and vertically located supporting walls connected to the front, bottom, back and top, respectively, transversely arranged front, bottom, back and top ties, a figure is formed that is close to a triangular prism, and the smaller leg of each supporting wall, located horizontally, belongs to the lower side of the chair support, large, located almost vertically on the back, and the third side is the front inclined side, while the supporting walls are fixed on top by the upper screed, and through each other supporting wall, through channels are formed vertically opposite each other and are guides for the vertical movement of the chair seat rollers, from the inside to the bottom a coupler is attached to the screed, which is connected to the lower fastener of the lock for fixing the lift, while in the groove of the support wall, which, after assembly, is the right side of the chair support, is created and a vertical longitudinal through slit for the lift indicator, which is implemented by a movable arrow mechanically connected to the seat of the chair using the indicator bracket located outside this support wall and a ruler attached along this groove outside this support wall, while the front of the chair support is attached to the carriage due to axial fastenings through the created horizontal holes in the front of the side support walls and side walls of the carriage, and at the back - due to two dampers connecting the rear jumper carriages with a back coupler of the chair support, forming for the chair support a movable rotating connection around an axis formed by axial mountings, the seat of the chair consisting of a seat and a rear mounting part used to create movable joints of the chair seat with the chair support with the possibility of vertical movement of the first, as well as seat seats with backrest with the possibility of rotation of the latter, while the device for deflecting the back includes a rotating handle for deflecting the back, attached to the seat of the chair, two g There are flexible mechanical cables, two spring locks, each of which includes a control input and two end fasteners, and flexible mechanical cables provide flexible mechanical communication between the back deflection handle and the spring lock control inputs, and tube guides with spring clips are introduced from the top of the back, to connect with the mounting part of the seat of the chair in the lower part of the back there are two transverse holes located on one axis, and two ears are formed on the back of the back, moreover, The IR includes a frame, a cover, a filler, two rod guides with a set of surface grooves deposited on them, while the rod guides are connected to the frame, forming a fork-like appearance, and the place of this connection is covered sequentially with a filler and a cover, with the headrest mounted on top of the backrest by introducing its rod guides inside the tubular guides with fixation in discrete positions corresponding to the position of the surface grooves using spring clips, and at the ends of the rod ends The stoppers are installed, which exclude the exit of the rod guides from the tubular rails, while the seat consists of a horizontally arranged seat screen and base, left and right vertically located sidewalls, a seat damper, a rotatable knee pad with a knee pad bracket attached to it from below, a knee protector device, a left and right side brackets, two lower brackets, fillers, three spring locks each with two end brackets and a control input and the length of the sidewalls, exceeding the length of the seat screen and protruding beyond its limits with its rear parts, forms the fastener used to connect to the back, with the seat support, lift device and lift indicator, with a rear bracket and two adapters added to the seat fastener , two axes of a spring lock, with two vertically placed lower brackets attached to the base from the bottom, back and top with a hook to the base, while the bottom right and inside of the right lower inner bracket are attached to the base the rotary joint is secured by a first end fitting the spring lock of the knee pad, and by the second end mount this spring lock is mechanically connected to the knee of the knee joint with the formation of another rotating joint, the left and right sides on the inner sides being connected by the base and the seat screen, so that the seat screen is located above the base with a gap of 39 mm to 43 mm, preferably 41 mm, with a hole being created in the seat screen with which the seat damper is secured it extends from the bottom to the seat screen, and a recess is created in the base opposite this hole to stop this seat damper, and a seat damper is installed in the gap between the seat screen and the base, abutting against the created recess, while the side brackets are attached to the base from above, from behind and with the bottom meshing, forming a gap with sidewalls of no more than 40-60 mm, each of which has two axes for fastening with the possibility of rotation, respectively, of the lower end fastening of the spring locks and the lower part of the side bracket new backrests, while on the inside to each of the two side brackets attached to the bottom bracket, mechanically connected from below, behind and with the upper mesh to the base and rear mechanically connected transversely mounted vertical rear bracket on which two adapters are installed with through horizontal holes, opposite each other, used to connect with the side locks of the lock for fixing the lift, and four lift springs are introduced into the seat of the chair, coupled on one side to the rear bracket, and on the other hand, to the upper coupler of the chair support, and create a lifting force of the chair seat in the range from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf, and from the outside of the rear parts of the two lower brackets forming the rear mounting part along the vertical line rollers are installed, two on each side, to ensure vertical movements of the seat of the chair, and on the lower right bracket sequentially as you approach the front side of the chair there is a back deflection handle, a pullback handle and a lifting handle, floor the carriers are attached to the seat screen and the knee, respectively, using quick-connects, the back frame includes two side brackets, a front bracket, a rear bracket, a bracket, a backrest, a backrest coupler and a corner, and the side brackets form the sides of the frame to which the front is attached the backrest, and the front bracket is attached to the side brackets from the top and front, to which the rear bracket is connected, while the front and rear brackets fix tubular guides, the length of which x does not exceed 50-100 mm, located along the back and used to attach the head restraint, and spring clips are installed near the lower ends of the tubular guides, and the back brace and the corner are connected to the side brackets on the back side, and the casing is mounted on top of them, forming the back surface with its outer surface side of the frame, while the first movable rotating connection of the seat of the chair with the back is carried out by introducing the lower parts of the side brackets of the back into the gaps between the side brackets and sidewalls seats, being fixed there due to axial fasteners piercing successively the side brackets of the seat, the transverse holes in the side brackets of the back and side of the seat, the spring locks being used for the second mechanical connection of the seat to the back, while with their first end brackets they are attached to the axis of the spring lock parts of the seat, and the second to the ears of the backrest frame, and in the initial position the back of the chair is deviated from the vertical by an angle in the range from 11.8 to 12.2 degrees, preferably 12 degrees mustache, and can deviate under the action of a pressure force of not more than 8 kgf from the starting position by an angle in the range from 18 to 22 degrees, preferably 20 degrees, with fixing it in any intermediate positions, and the lock for fixing the lift consists of a housing and a movable bracket, which in turn includes a rod with a rear wedge, which acts as a mechanical lock input for fixing the lift, a spring, a locking roller, two lateral and one lower fasteners, while the body is a rod with formed on the outside rounded grooves, and the movable bracket is mounted on the housing with the possibility of movement along it, moreover, in the movable bracket on the side of the rounded grooves there is a movable rod supported by a spring, and the rear wedge of the rod presses the locking roller against the rounded grooves of the housing and thereby fixes the movable bracket on the housing, the lower fastener the body is connected to a fork attached to the lower coupler of the chair support, and the lateral fastenings of the movable bracket are connected to two adapters mounted on the rear bracket with In addition, it can have from 16 to 18, preferably 17, recesses, while the seat damper consists of a flange expander, a flange tube and a fixing screw, and the flange expander has the shape of a truncated cone with small and large diameters with a threaded central hole and a flange at an end face of a large diameter, using a flange tube with a constant or variable wall thickness with an outer flange at one of the ends, and when assembled, the seat damper is formed by partially introducing the end face of the flange to expand For a small diameter into the flange tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, while the flange tube of the seat damper abuts against the created recess with its outer flange, the seat damper attached to the seat screen is pressed against it by the flange of the extender, and the knee deflector device consists from the kneecap deflection button fixed laterally on the kneecap connected by a flexible mechanical cable to the control input of the kneecap spring lock containing two end mounts, and the spring locks are APIS patella and implemented on the basis of a spring hydraulic lock. 2. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that two straight rails are used, creating a direct rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, each rail consists of a front, intermediate and rear parts, respectively, with lengths l _{1 ,} l ₂ and l ₃ for connecting the front and rear parts with the front and rear pairs of support legs, and the length l ₂ is at least 50 mm, while the upper shelf is removed within the intermediate part of both rails, and the height of the bridge is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, without regard to the thickness of the shelves, while the angle of inclination β of the inclined side face forming an inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 to 45 degrees, preferably 40 degrees, while the position of the inclined side faces on the sides of the upper shelves for both rails coincides, and the width of the upper shelf along its upper the surface is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, with longitudinal rails of length l ₄ not more than the length of the rear parts of the rails and attached to them longitudinally from the inside of the rail track, and the pitch between the holes l ₅ is 12.7 mm, while the bottom ends of these rails are not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear of the rails. 3. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that to create an angular rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, four angular rails are used in the form of two pairs of front and rear rails, respectively, for the front and rear support legs wherein each of the corner rails consists of longitudinal and angular shoulders with lengths l ₆ and l ₇ , respectively, with an angle of rotation between them α in the range from 90 to 270 degrees, and the gap l ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is at least 50 mm, with longitudinal rails of length U not longer than the longitudinal shoulders with holes, a pitch of l ₅ between which is 12.7 mm, attached on the inner side of the rail track along the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails, and the rear ends of these rails are no more than 150 mm from the end of the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails, and the angle of inclination β of the inclined side face, forming an inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf, is from 35 to 45 degrees, preferably 40 degrees, while the inclined side face is located on the outside of the corner p lsa, and the width of the upper flange of the upper horizontal faces is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, and headroom is 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thicknesses of shelves. 4. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft is implemented on the basis of the inserted support bolt in the displacement bearings, and the body consists of a body of a body, a pin, a thrust roller with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers, a straight plate, a plate with a radius , a cylindrical roller, a sleeve, six bolts, while the body of the casing is close in shape to a cube with a square base and has a large lower and small upper parts with a common internal cavity, with a small upper parallelepiped shaped the lower one, while the square base of the body of the body has side sizes ranging from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm, with a central vertical hole formed through the upper part and one through horizontal formed in the lower part, with the support bolt passing through the first threaded rod outward, fixing with its head inside a small upper part, and in the lower part along opposite sides two supports are formed with grooves with two rows of three equally spaced vertical A hole for bolts, in this case, two grooves are formed in the first support according to the location of two extreme holes from the first row, into which two cylindrical guide rollers are inserted, fixed with a straight plate and pierced through with two extreme bolts, and two guide rollers form a vertical interface plane for the lateral rectangular face of the upper rail shelf, and in the second support a central groove is formed, in which a thrust roller is inserted in the form of a truncated cone with the base down and the horizontal section to the side of the open hole with an angle of inclination from its base β from 35 to 45 degrees, preferably 40 degrees, forming an inclined plane of conjugation with the inclined side face of the upper rail shelf, fixed from below by a plate with a radius and a central bolt of the second support, while two cylindrical guide rollers are located in staggered relative to the thrust roller, and the cylindrical roller is sequentially mounted with an interference fit on the sleeve, inserted into the internal cavity of the body of the housing and threaded with a pin with a gap with the possibility of rotation in the other, and the pin is inserted into the through horizontal hole in the lower part and is limited in displacements by two central bolts from opposite rows of bolts, while the outer surface of the cylindrical roller tangentially forms a horizontal interface plane with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal interface plane, moreover, the first support together with the introduced guide rollers is preloaded by a straight plate and the first row of three bolts, and the second support with a thrust inserted into the groove the second roller is pressed by a plate with a radius and a second row of the other three bolts, while the surfaces of a straight plate and a plate with a radius directed into the cavity of the body of the body form a second horizontal mating plane. 5. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the rails and the longitudinal rail are made of duralumin alloys, and the holes in the longitudinal rail have a diameter of from 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the latch consists of case with external thread, a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm. 6. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that each damper consists of an expander with a shape of a truncated cone with small and large diameters with a through central hole, a tube of a mounting kit consisting of a bolt and a nut with a washer, and a U-shaped bracket with a top a platform with a central hole and two lateral ears for attachment, forming an internal cavity, with one ear of the U-shaped bracket dampers attached to the sides of the carriage, and the other to the rear bridge of the carriage, and the bolt from the mounting kit passes through the sequentially located extender, starting with its large diameter, the tube, the hole of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket from the inside of its internal cavity, is connected to the rear coupler of the chair support by fixing the nut and washer from the mounting kit to the chair support, while for the damper expanders in the carriage has through holes with a diameter of at least its large diameter, and the end face of the expander with a small diameter partially enters the tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, while on the outer surface of the tube from the side t CAR is not connected to the expander is formed by a cylindrical flange and the inner cavity of the upper area a U-shaped bracket formed corresponding recess, providing in the assembled state the combination of the flange with the recess and the centering of the compounds of the tube to the expander, wherein dampers are installed at a distance R ₀ in the range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm, from the center of the axial mountings of the chair support to the carriage. 7. The chair according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that it uses a tube with a constant or variable wall thickness. 8. The chair according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that a bolt with a cone-shaped connecting surface of its head and an expander with a corresponding cone-shaped recess in the surface of the base are used for connecting them by introducing the first into the second. 9. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the pad, frame, insert, rail, adjusting screw, hook, screws, clip, rivets and emphasis are additionally introduced into each armrest, while an internal cavity is created by the armrest frame, and at the same time the force the rotation of the armrests is in the range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf, and a cover is fixed on top of the frame with a hook and one of the screws, and a clip is formed in front of the inner cavity of the frame, which is fixed to rotate the flywheel with a rail, p located along the frame, while the rail has rivets to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected to transmit rotation with an adjusting screw installed in the liner and placed in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame, and the end of the adjusting screw abuts against the stop fixed on the bracket, and the adjusting screw has a predetermined range of the number of revolutions of rotation, determined by the range of travel of its rear end, adjusting the inclination of the armrest in the range from minus 20 to 8 degrees from the horizon, when that the length of the armrests in a range from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and their width - from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm. 10. A flight crew seat containing rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a rotary device, a seat, a backrest, a lifting device, a rollback fixation device, an armrest rotation fixation device, a safety system, the rails forming a rail track for moving the chair and are based on profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them and fastening the lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, while holes are formed in the rails for fixing the recoil, and at the beginning On the rails, limiters are installed to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail gauge, and four lower support legs are attached to the carriage with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track, and a rotary device based on a rotating joint, similar to a ball bearing, in which holes are formed for rotation fixation, also in the rotary device non-through gutters are created, acting as vertical guides for moving the seat of the chair, containing and rollers with the ability to move along these gutters, the backrest consists of a frame and covered with a cover, and a filler is introduced between the cover and the front side of the back frame, and the lifting device includes a rotary lifting handle mounted on the seat of the chair, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical input , a mechanical flexible cable and lifting springs attached to the seat of the chair and creating an effort to lift it, moreover, this cable mechanically connects the lifting handle with the mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lift, this, the rollback fixation device includes a rotatable rollback handle attached to the seat of the chair, two flexible cables and two rollback locks with movable pins mounted on the back of the chair and locking the chair during movements by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, while these flexible cables mechanically link the rollback handle to the movable locking pins, and the rotation locking device consists of a rotatable rotation handle mounted on the seat of the chair, a flexible mechanical cable and a fixed rotator with a movable pin locking the chair during turns due to mechanical coupling of this movable pin with holes formed in the rotary device, the rotary handle being mechanically connected by a flexible cable to this movable pin, while the armrests contain an arm and a flywheel, and with brackets the rear armrests are attached to the respective sides of the backrest with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position, flush with the backrest, and the armrests are adjusted with the flywheels and the attachment system includes, among other things, shoulder and waist belts, a buckle and an inertial reel with the possibility of inertial fixing of the shoulder belts, characterized in that a back deflection device, two dampers, a head restraint, longitudinal rails are introduced into the chair, and the profiled rails are made in the form of an I-beam whose upper shelf is used to direct the movement of the movement supports, and its faces form four planes for interfacing with the movement supports - the upper and lower, which are two horizontally mi, and two lateral in the form of vertical and inclined, and the carriage consists of two sidewalls, as well as the front and rear jumpers, while the sidewalls forming the right and left sides of the carriage are connected to the front and rear by transverse front and rear jumpers, forming a figure, similar to a rectangle, while the displacement supports are a body with a shaft with the possibility of mechanical connection of the body with four planes of the upper rail rails, and the shafts are inserted and fixed in front and behind each side of the carriage with rotation, and the movement supports are connected to the rails, while the four planes formed by the upper rails of the rails are mechanically mated to the housings of the movement supports, and the holes for fixing the rollback are formed in the longitudinal rails that are attached to the rails, and the rollback latches are fixed in the rear jumper of the carriage with the possibility of engaging with their movable pins of these holes of the longitudinal rails, while in the lock for fixing the lift, a lower and two side mounts are created, and the rotary device consists of a separator, a set of balls, a ring, a base plate, a rotary plate, two supporting rotary walls, an upper coupler and a fork, the main and a rotary plate having a hole in the center and connected flat to each other, forming a rotating rotary set of balls and rings a ball-bearing-like connection, while these supporting pivoting walls are similar in shape to two right-angled triangles with unequal legs, and when assembled, longitudinally and vertically arranged supporting pivoting walls are connected x with a pivot plate and an upper coupler, a figure is formed that is close to a triangular prism, with a smaller leg supporting pivot walls connected to the right and left ends of the pivot plate and form its lower side, their large legs located almost vertically form the back side of the pivot device, the third side is curved and is the front inclined side, and on top the support rotary walls are fixed by the upper screed, and through the inside of each support rotary wall formed through channels, opposite each other and which are guides for vertical movement of the seat seat rollers, while the rotation lock is attached to the rotary plate, and holes for engagement with its movable pin are formed in the main plate, and a fork is connected to the rotary plate at the back, which is connected to the lower lock for fixing the lift, while the front of the rotary device is attached to the carriage due to axial mounts through the created horizontal holes in the front of the main plate and the sides of the carriages and, and behind - due to two dampers connecting the rear bridge of the carriage with the main plate, forming for the rotary device a movable rotating connection around an axis formed by these axial mountings, the seat of the chair consisting of a seat and a fastening part for mechanical connections of the seat with the seat support with the possibility of vertical movement of the first and the seat with the back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, while the device for deflecting the back includes a rotating handle for deflecting the back on the seat, two flexible mechanical cables, two spring locks, each of which includes a control input and two end mounts, and flexible mechanical cables provide flexible mechanical communication between the back deflection handle and the spring lock control inputs, with tubular guides with spring clips, while for connection with the mounting part of the seat in the lower part of the back there are two transverse holes located on the same axis, and two ears are formed on the back of the back, pr than the headrest includes a frame, a cover, a filler, two rod guides with a set of surface grooves applied to them, while the rod guides are connected to the frame, forming a fork-like appearance, and the place of this connection is covered sequentially with a filler and a cover, and the head restraint is mounted on top of the backrest by introducing its rod guides inward tubular guides with fixation in discrete positions corresponding to the position of the surface grooves using spring clips, and at the ends with stops are installed on the rod guides, which exclude the exit of the rod guides from the tubular guides, while the seat consists of horizontally arranged seat screen and base, left and right vertically located sidewalls, a seat damper, a rotatable knee pad with a knee pad bracket attached to it from the bottom, a knee protector device, a left and right side brackets, two lower brackets, fillers, three spring locks each with two end brackets and inputs control house, and the length of the sidewalls, exceeding the length of the screen of the seat and protruding beyond its limits with its rear parts, forms the fastening part used to connect to the backrest, with the seat support, lifting device, and the rear bracket, two adapters are additionally introduced into the fastening part of the seat, two axles of a spring lock, while two vertically placed lower brackets are attached to the base from the bottom, rear and top with a hook, while rotating from the bottom to the base and from the inside of the right lower inner bracket of the connection, the spring lock of the kneecap is attached with the first end mount, and the spring lock with the second end mount is mechanically connected to the knee of the knee with the formation of another rotating joint, the left and right sides on the inner sides being connected by the base and the seat screen, so that the seat screen is located above the base to form a gap of 39 mm to 43 mm, preferably 41 mm, with a hole being created in the seat screen with which the seat damper is attached zu to the seat screen, and in the base opposite this hole, a recess has been created to stop this seat damper, and a seat damper is installed in the gap between the seat screen and the base, abutting against the created recess of the base, while the side brackets are attached to the base from above, behind and with the bottom meshing, forming a gap with sidewalls of no more than 40-60 mm, each of which has two axes for fastening with the possibility of rotation, respectively, of the lower end fastening of the spring locks and the lower part of the side corners backs, while on the inside to each of the two side brackets is attached a lower bracket, mechanically connected from below, behind and with an upper mesh to the base and rear, mechanically connected transversely mounted vertical rear bracket, on which two adapters are installed with through horizontal holes, opposite each other, used to connect with the side locks of the lock for fixing the lift, and four lift springs attached to one side are introduced into the seat of the chair s to the rear bracket, and on the other to the upper coupler of the chair support, and create a lifting force of the seat of the chair in the range from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf, and from the outside of the rear parts of the two lower brackets forming the rear mounting part, along there are rollers on the vertical line, two on each side, to ensure vertical movements of the seat of the chair, and on the lower right bracket sequentially as you approach the front side of the chair there is a back deflection handle, a pullback handle and a lift handle, The placeholders are attached to the seat screen and the knee, respectively, using quick-connects, while the backrest frame includes two side brackets, a front bracket, a rear bracket, a bracket, a backrest, a backrest coupler and a corner, and the side brackets form the sides of the backrest frame to which the front the backrest is attached, and a front bracket is attached to the side brackets from the top and front, to which the rear bracket is connected, while the front and rear brackets fix the tubular guides, for in which they do not exceed 50-100 mm, located along the back and used to attach the head restraint, with spring clips installed near the lower ends of the tubular guides, and a back bracket and a corner connecting the back bracket on top of the side brackets, forming a casing on top of it the back side of the frame, while the first movable rotating connection of the seat of the chair with the back is carried out by introducing the lower parts of the side brackets of the back into the gaps between the side brackets and the seat cushions, being fixed there due to axial fasteners piercing sequentially the side brackets of the seat, the transverse holes in the side brackets of the back and side of the seat, the spring locks being used for the second mechanical connection of the seat to the back, with their first end brackets attached to the axis of the spring lock the mounting part of the seat, and the second to the ears of the backrest frame, and in the initial position the back of the chair is deviated from the vertical by an angle in the range from 11.8 to 12.2 degrees, preferred It is only 12 degrees, and can deviate under the action of a pressure force of not more than 8 kgf from the initial position by an angle in the range from 18 to 22 degrees, preferably 20 degrees, with its fixation in any intermediate positions, and the lock for fixing the lift consists of a housing and a movable bracket, which in turn includes a rod with a rear wedge, which acts as a mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lift, a spring, a locking roller, two lateral and one lower fastener, while the body is a rod with external side with rounded recesses, and the movable bracket is mounted on the housing with the possibility of movement along it, moreover, a movable rod supported by a spring is placed in the movable bracket from the side of the rounded recesses, and the rear wedge of the rod presses the locking roller against the rounded recesses of the housing and thereby fixes the movable bracket on the housing moreover, the lower fastening of the housing is connected to a fork attached to the lower coupler of the chair support, and the lateral fastenings of the movable bracket are connected to two adapters mounted on the rear the seat bracket, and it can have from 16 to 18, preferably 17, recesses, while the seat damper consists of a flange expander, a flange tube and a fixing screw, and the flange expander has the shape of a truncated cone with small and large diameters with a threaded central hole and a flange at the end of a large diameter, using a flange tube with a constant or variable wall thickness with an outer flange at one of the ends, and when assembled, the seat damper is formed by partially introducing the end of the flange the expander with a small diameter into the flange tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, while the flange tube of the seat damper abuts against the formed recess with its outer flange, and the seat damper attached to the seat screen is pressed against it by the flange of the extender, while the knee deflector device consists from the kneecap deflection button, fixed sideways on the kneecap, connected by a flexible mechanical cable to the control input of the kneecap spring lock containing two end mounts, and ong back locks and patella implemented by spring hydraulic lock. 11. The chair according to claim 10, characterized in that two straight rails are used, creating a direct rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, each rail consists of a front, intermediate and rear parts, respectively, with lengths l ₁ , l ₂ and l ₃ for connecting the front and rear parts with the front and rear pairs of support legs, and the length l ₂ is at least 50 mm, while the upper shelf is removed within the intermediate part of both rails, and the height of the bridge is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thickness of the shelves, at m, the angle of inclination β of the inclined side face, forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf, is from 35 to 45 degrees, preferably 40 degrees, while the position of the inclined side faces on the sides of the upper shelves for both rails coincides, and the width of the upper shelf along it the top surface is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, the longitudinal length l rail ₄ is not greater than the length of rails and rear portions attached thereto longitudinally inside the track, and the pitch between the holes is ₅ l 12.7 mm, wherein adnie ends of the slats are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear portion of the rails. 12. The chair according to claim 10, characterized in that to create an angular rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, four corner rails are used in the form of two pairs of front and rear rails, respectively, for the front and rear support legs wherein each of the corner rails consists of longitudinal and angular shoulders with lengths l ₆ and l ₇ , respectively, with an angle of rotation between them α in the range from 90 to 270 degrees, and the gap l ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is at least 50 mm, with longitudinal rails length l _{4 is} not longer than the longitudinal shoulders with holes, the step l ₅ between which is 12.7 mm, attached on the inner side of the rail track along the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails, and the rear ends of these rails are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the longitudinal shoulders of the rear part of the angular rails, the inclination angle β of the inclined side face forming an inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf, is from 35 to 45 degrees, preferably 40 degrees, while the inclined side face is located on the outside of the corner rail, and the width of the upper shelf along the upper horizontal edge is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, and the height of the lintel is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thickness of the shelves. 13. The chair according to claim 10, characterized in that the shaft is implemented on the basis of the inserted support bolt in the displacement bearings, and the body consists of the body of the housing, a pin, a thrust roller with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers, a straight plate, a plate with a radius , a cylindrical roller, a sleeve, six bolts, while the body of the body is close in shape to a cube with a square base and has a large lower and small upper parts with a common internal cavity, and a small upper one in the shape of a parallelepiped is located on a bol lower, while the square base of the body of the body has side sizes ranging from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm, with a central vertical hole formed through the upper part and one through horizontal formed in the lower part, with the support bolt passing through the first threaded rod outward, fixing with its head inside a small upper part, and in the lower part along opposite sides two supports are formed with grooves with two rows of three equally spaced vertical a hole for the bolts, while in the first support two grooves are formed at the location of the two extreme holes from the first row, into which two cylindrical guide rollers are inserted, fixed by a straight plate and pierced through by two extreme bolts, and two guide rollers form a vertical interface plane for the lateral rectangular face of the upper rail shelf, and in the second support a central groove is formed, in which a thrust roller is inserted in the form of a truncated cone with the base down and the cross section to the horizontal ntal holes with an angle of inclination from its base β from 35 to 45 degrees, preferably 40 degrees, forming an inclined plane of conjugation with the inclined side face of the upper rail shelf, fixed from below by a plate with a radius and a central bolt of the second support, while two cylindrical guide rollers are located in staggered relative to the thrust roller, and the cylindrical roller is sequentially mounted with an interference fit on the sleeve, inserted into the internal cavity of the body of the housing and threaded with a pin with a gap with the possibility of rotation in a circle of it, and the pin is inserted into the through horizontal hole in the lower part and is limited in displacements by two central bolts from opposite rows of bolts, while the outer surface of the cylindrical roller tangentially forms a horizontal interface plane with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal interface plane, and the first support together with the introduced guide rollers is preloaded by a straight plate and the first row of three bolts, and the second support with a thrust r inserted into the groove is pressed against the face plate with a radius and a second row of the other three bolts, whereby the surface of the plate and the plate line with a radius pointing into the housing body, forming a second horizontal coupling plane. 14. The chair according to claim 10, characterized in that the rails and the longitudinal rail are made of duralumin alloys, and the holes in the longitudinal rail have a diameter of from 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the roll back lock consists from a body with an external thread, a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm. 15. The chair according to claim 10, characterized in that the holes in the main plate have a diameter of from 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the rotation lock consists of a body with an external thread, a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter no more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm. 16. The chair according to claim 10, characterized in that each damper consists of a dilator with a shape of a truncated cone with small and large diameters with a through central hole, a tube, a mounting kit consisting of a bolt and nut with washer, and a U-shaped bracket with the upper platform with a Central hole and two side ears for mounting, forming an internal cavity, with one ear of the U-shaped bracket dampers attached to the sides of the carriage, and the other to the rear bridge of the carriage, while the bolt from the mounting kit passes through a series-extender extender, starting with its large diameter, the tube, the hole of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket from the inside of its internal cavity, connects to the main plate of the rotary device by fixing it with a nut and washer from the mounting kit, and through-holes are created for the damper expanders in the carriage holes with a diameter of at least its large diameter, and the end of the expander with a small diameter partially enters the tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, while on the outer surface of the tube from the side ca, not connected to the expander is formed by a cylindrical flange and the inner cavity of the U-shaped bracket upper platform created corresponding recess, providing in the assembled state the combination of the flange with the recess and the centering of the compounds of the tube to the expander, wherein dampers are installed at a distance R ₀ a range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm, from the center of the axial mountings of the rotary device with the carriage. 17. The chair according to claim 10 or 16, characterized in that a tube with a constant or variable wall thickness is used. 18. The chair according to claim 10 or 16, characterized in that a bolt with a cone-shaped connecting surface of its head and an expander with a corresponding cone-shaped recess in the surface of the base are used for connecting them by inserting the first into the second. 19. The chair according to claim 10, characterized in that an overlay, a frame, an insert, a rack, an adjusting screw, a hook, screws, a clip, rivets and an emphasis are additionally introduced into each armrest, while an internal cavity is created by the armrest frame, and at the same time an effort the rotation of the armrests is in the range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf, and a cover is fixed on top of the frame with a hook and one of the screws, and a clip is formed in front of the inner cavity of the frame, which is fixed to rotate the flywheel with a rail, located along the frame, while the rail has rivets to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected to transmit rotation with an adjusting screw installed in the liner and placed in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame, and the end of the adjusting screw abuts against the stop fixed on the bracket, and the adjusting screw has a predetermined range of the number of revolutions of rotation, determined by the range of travel of its rear end, adjusting the inclination of the armrest in the range from minus 20 to 8 degrees from the horizon, This armrests length ranges from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and their width - from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm.

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