RU149079U1 - CHAIR OF THE FLIGHT CREW WITH A CUP FOR A PARAMET (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Flight crew seat with a cup for a parachute, containing rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a seat support, a cup, a back, a lifting device, a device for fixing a recoil, armrests, a tie system, and the rails are made on the basis of profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them, fastened by lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, forming a rail track for moving the seat, while holes are formed in the rails for fixing the rollback, and ogres are installed at the beginning and end of the rails igiteli to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail track, moreover, the support supports contain shafts that attach them to the carriage, and are also mechanically connected to the rails with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track, and at the same time, a chair support is mounted on top of the carriage, in which through gutters are created acting as vertical guides for moving the cup used to lay the parachute, which has a saddle profile from below and contains four rollers with the possibility of vertical movements along these gutters, the back consists of a frame and covered with a cover, while a filler is introduced between the cover and the front side of the back frame, and the lifting device includes a rotary lifting handle mounted in front of the cup, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical input, a mechanical flexible cable and four lifting springs attached to the cup and creating an effort to lift it, moreover, this cable mechanically connects the lifting handle with the mechanical input of the lock to fix the lift, and the roll-back fixing device turns on

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the equipment of aircraft, primarily aircraft of the transport category, operated from concrete and unpaved runways, and in particular to the arrangement of seats for the flight crew: pilots, flight engineers, navigators, radio operators and other users with a worn parachute of poor wearing.

Armchairs are designed to provide functional responsibilities with dressed parachutes acting as a seat on airplanes in the most comfortable conditions possible during the flight with the possibility of short rest. Also, the seats can minimize the possibility of injury, especially of various parts of the spine, in the event of an emergency landing of the aircraft and provide the possibility of evacuation.

In connection with the harmonization of Russian and international aviation requirements, the requirements for manufactured aviation equipment, including to the seats of pilots and members of the flight crew of aircraft. First of all, the changes touched on higher requirements for energy absorption for static and dynamic loads (dynamic strength of 16 g with a longitudinal-side impact), presented to chairs with a parachute. In addition, requirements for many other parameters have increased: functionality, ergonomics, maintainability, etc.

In this regard, the design of the seats, made on the basis of developments made back in the days of the USSR, turned out to not meet modern requirements. On the other hand, for pilots of NATO countries, the design of the parachute provides a knapsack, shoulder-mounted and predetermines the appropriate seat designs, so that development experience is of little use for Russia due to the fact that we mainly have parachutes with poor wear.

Therefore, at present, there is a need for more advanced designs of aircraft seats for users of domestic thigh-wearing parachutes that satisfy current regulatory aviation requirements.

A known design of the energy-absorbing seat of an aircraft, mainly a helicopter, selected as an analogue (RF Patent No. 2500008 Energy-absorbing seat of an aircraft, Nafikov I.YU. IPK B64D 25/04, B60N 2/427, F16F 7/12 Publ. 10.12.2013), the development of which was aimed, first of all, at maintaining its operability while increasing the range of angles of possible emergency landings, as well as simplifying its design and reducing its mass.

This energy-absorbing seat of an aircraft contains a frame made in the form of racks, a cup of a chair and suspension units, while the racks are equipped with rails with an energy-absorbing device rigidly installed in each of them, which is made in the form of a boxed part provided with grooves for the racks, eyelets for fastenings on the uprights of the frame, a niche with an emphasis for installing a plate, the other end of which is fixed to the suspension unit, while the suspension units are made in the form of sliders movably mounted in the guide their racks.

In addition, this energy-absorbing chair is equipped with a tethered system and a longitudinal adjustment mechanism mounted on the chair cup.

The use of this design allows you to optimize the loads coming on the chair during an emergency landing, significantly reduce the possibility of skewing of the sliders, which are affected by the maximum bending moment. Removing energy-absorbing devices into a separate mechanism allows you to reduce the weight of the struts of the chair, to simplify their design, which is important when using the chair on an aircraft. In addition, this design allows for quick access to all nodes of the energy-absorbing seat of the aircraft, thereby increasing its operational performance.

However, a significant drawback of this technical solution is that it is designed primarily for helicopters and has a limited functionality due to the inability to use it with a parachute for poor wearing due to the lack of capacity (cup) for the parachute, adjustable (turning) armrests, and also the lack of the ability to deflect the back, turns around its own axis.

Known chair bailout system (SC), developed by a team of V.M. Belyaeva, S.N. Lyushina, A.R. Fokina, M.R. Waldenberg, A.K. Yudicheva, K.A. Titkova, which was installed on the MiG-21f and MiG-21f-13 aircraft, also selected as an analogue (Agronik A.G., Egenburg LI Development of aircraft rescue equipment - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1990., p. 119: ), which is a rigid structure consisting of a frame with a cup and the following operational and emergency systems mounted on them: a combined system of hanging and safety belts, pulling on shoulder belts, pulling on waist belts, controlling the position of the seat cup according to the pilot’s height, controlling bailout, stabilizing the seat along the trajectory after separation from the aircraft, capturing and fixing the legs, fixing the flashlight on the seat and separating them, opening the pilot locks to the seat, the suspension system and leg grabs.

The chair was fixed in the cab with three pairs of rollers on the rear wall of the cab. The rollers, entering the rails of the chair, kept him from longitudinal movements. In the vertical direction, the chair was fixed using a ball lock pyromechanism. On the inner cylinder of the pyromechanism there was a clamp with two trunnions that entered the hooks of the chair and were locked there with two grips. The grips were pressed out and fixed with screws, which, when screwed, rested on the brackets.

In flight, the pilot sat on a rescue parachute, packed in a cup of a chair, which, if the pilot wanted, could be raised or lowered by an electric motor. The pilot was fixed to the seat by a suspension system at three points (two in the zone of the belt and one in the zone of the shoulders). The tension of the waist belts could be changed by a handle mounted on the starboard side of the cup. The shoulder girdle was pulled by a service spring, and emergency during ejection by powder gases. In flight, the pilot could deflect his shoulders forward by 150 mm and stall in this position. The locking mechanism of the belts of the attracted and deviated position was controlled by a handle mounted on the left side of the chair cup.

This technical solution can withstand overloads up to 20 g, however, it has a limited scope due to the fact that it is designed for use in military aircraft, including fighters, only as part of a complex ejection system with the participation of a flashlight, the maximum load vector, which is oriented vertically, in the direction of the shot of the squib.

A device for putting a parachute in action, also selected as an analogue, is known (RF Patent 2371357 Method for putting a parachute in use and a device for its implementation Severin G.I., Rafeenkov V.M., Sobolev P.G., Savinov A.P. , Gipich A.F., Naumov V.A., Lebedev G.S., Kotova S.P., Dobrynin V.V. IPC B64D 17/54, B64D 17/78 Published: 10.27.2009 Bul. No. 30) containing a knapsack seat, a parachute in the case and a backrest detaching from the pilot and pulling the parachute in the case by the halyard, characterized in that the opening of the knapsack valves is performed by a halyard, one end of which is fixed to the fly the halyard, the halyard itself is sewn to the soft valve of the satchel-seat with a calibrated seam, which tears off from the aircraft as the seat-knapsack is removed, providing constant tension, and a device is installed between the other end of the halyard and the parachute-laying chamber, and a discontinuous calibrated link, which provides braking of the camera with the parachute laid in it in the case, while the camera and the case in the upper part are connected together.

The disadvantage of the above device is the complex design of the device, including a towing engine and other components, focused on bailing the user when used in military aircraft. It has low energy absorption characteristics, for example, with a longitudinal-side impact, which can lead to damage to various sections of the user's spine.

The design of an aviation seat for a user with a parachute is known, which was developed and used for aircraft of the IL brand, in particular IL-76TD-90 VD, which can be considered the closest in number of common features and in technical essence to the proposed utility model and, accordingly, prototype (IL -76T (TD) Instructions for technical operation of the Pilot’s Seat - description and operation, Appendix No. 1), according to which the flight crew seat with a parachute cup containing rails, four displacement supports, a carriage, a crest support sla, cup, backrest, lifting device, rollback fixing device, armrests, tethered system, and the rails are made on the basis of profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them, fastened by lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, forming a rail track for moving the chair, at the same time, holes for fixing the rollback are formed in the rails, and limiters are installed at the beginning and end of the rails to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail track, and the movement supports contain a shaft which fasten them to the carriage, and are also mechanically connected to the rails with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track, and at the same time a chair support is attached to the carriage from above, in which blind gutters are created that act as vertical guides for moving the cup, used to lay the parachute, which is available bottom is a saddle profile and containing four rollers with the possibility of vertical movements along these gutters, the back consists of a frame and covered with a cover, while between the cover and the front side of the frame and the back is filled with a filler, and the lifting device includes a rotating lifting handle mounted in front of the cup, a lock for fixing the lifting with a mechanical input, a mechanical flexible cable and four lifting springs attached to the cup and creating an effort to lift it, and this cable mechanically links the lifting handle with a mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lift, and the device for fixing the rollback includes a pivoting pullback handle attached to the cup on the right side, two flexible cables and two pullback locks with p movable pins mounted on the back of the chair and locking the chair during movements by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, while these flexible cables mechanically connect the pullback handle with the movable locking pins, and the armrests contain an arm and a flywheel, with armrests using brackets the backs are attached to the corresponding sides of the back with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position, with the handwheels adjusting the inclination of the armrests, while the tethered system includes other shoulder and waist belts, buckle and inertial reel, with the possibility of inertial fixation of the shoulder belts.

The above prototype is the basic and basic design of a non-rotating pilot seat, primarily predetermined by the aviation safety regulations, but also (partially) by the design, overall dimensions and layout of the aircraft cabin, the composition of the flight crew, the degree of automation of aircraft control and other reasons.

However, historically, at a certain stage, within the framework of the unified initial design concept of seats for IL-76TD-90VD aircraft, the second close and related design of the seat for flight crew members (navigators, flight engineers, radio operators) appeared from the above-mentioned design of the pilot's seats. The main difference between this chair is the introduction of a rotary device with a rotation lock to enable rotations about a vertical axis.

Therefore, in the framework of the general design concept, such a technical solution can also be considered a prototype (second prototype) for the proposed utility model in the form of a swivel chair around a vertical axis (IL-76TD-90VD, Technical Maintenance Instructions Flight Engineer Seat - description and operation, Appendix No. 2) according to which the flight crew seat with a cup for a parachute containing rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a rotary device, a cup, a backrest, a lifting device, a rollback fixing device, a fixed device rotation, armrests, tie-down system, and the rails are made on the basis of profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them, forming a rail track for moving the seat and fastened by the lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, while holes in the rails for fixing the position seats, and at the beginning and end of the rails, limiters are installed to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail track, and the four bottom support legs are attached to the carriage with the possibility of movements along the formed rail track, with a rotary device mounted on top of the carriage based on a rotating connection similar to a ball bearing, in which holes for fixing rotation are formed, also through the grooves through holes are created that act as vertical guides for moving the cup, which is used to lay the parachute , which has a saddle profile at the bottom and contains four rollers with the possibility of vertical movements along these grooves, while the back consists of the casa is covered with a cover, and a filler is introduced between the cover and the front side of the backrest frame, and the lifting device includes a rotatable lifting handle mounted on the front of the cup, a lock for fixing the lifting with a mechanical input, a mechanical flexible cable and four lifting springs attached to the cup and creating a force on its rise, while this cable mechanically connects the lift handle with the mechanical input of the lock to lock the lift, and the rollback fixation device includes a rotatable rollback handle attached to a cup on the right side, two flexible cables and two pullback detents with movable pins mounted on the back of the chair and locking the chair during movements by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, while these flexible cables mechanically connect the pullback handle with the movable pins of the clamps, wherein the rotation fixing device consists of a rotating rotation handle mounted on the front of the cup, a flexible mechanical cable and a rotation lock with a movable pin, the rotation handle being mechanically connected on a flexible cable with this movable pin that locks the chair during turns due to mechanical coupling of the movable pin with the holes formed in the rotary device, and the armrests contain an arm and a flywheel, and with the help of brackets the armrests on the back are attached to the corresponding sides of the back with the possibility of rotation up to the vertical flush with the back, with the handwheels adjusting the angle of the armrests, while the harness includes, among other things, shoulder and waist belts, buckle and inertia ion coil, with the possibility of inertial fixation of the shoulder straps.

In these chairs, at least, the carriage is a molded product, and the cup is a welded structure.

The disadvantages characteristic of these technical solutions include the following:

- low resistance to peak overload of 16g for seats and high peak overload exceeding the permissible values for the pilot and / or flight crew during longitudinal-side impact in an emergency determined by current international requirements and harmonized aviation rules (AP) -25 accepted for the CIS countries. These overloads can lead to irreversible damage to the chairs and damage to the spine of a person, especially in the cervical regions and in the pelvic region, and sometimes even fatal

- the lack of damping of peak overload, adjustable back deflection, adjustable headrest and lift indication (only for the pilot's seat).

- high requirements for production equipment in the manufacture of chairs, determined by the need for spot welding and foundry for some parts and because of this low maintainability of chairs,

- a large mass, high complexity and cost of production, limited service life for two wheelsets for movements, the Technical tasks solved by the proposed utility model are as follows:

- increasing the resistance to peak overload to a value of 16g for seats and reducing the peak overload affecting the pilot and / or members of the flight crew during a longitudinal-side impact, in an emergency;

- expanding the functionality of the seats,

- simplifying the design of seats, reducing weight, increasing maintainability and reducing the requirements for production equipment for their production.

These technical problems are solved by the flight crew seat with a parachute cup containing rails, four displacement supports, a carriage, a seat support, a cup, a backrest, a lifting device, a roll-back fixing device, armrests, a tie system, and the rails are made on the basis of profiled strips from the upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them, fastened by lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, forming a rail track for moving the chair, with holes formed in the rails for fixing the recoil, and in At the end of the rails and at the end of the rails, limiters are installed to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail gauge, and the movement supports include shafts that attach them to the carriage, and are also mechanically connected to the rails with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track, and the chair support is attached to the top of the carriage, in which non-through gutters have been created, acting as vertical guides for moving the cup, used to lay a parachute, a saddle profile available from below and containing four rollers with possible vertical movements along these gutters, the back consists of a frame and covered with a cover, while a filler is introduced between the cover and the front side of the back frame, and the lifting device includes a rotatable lifting handle mounted in front of the cup, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical input, mechanical flexible a cable and four lifting springs attached to the cup and creating an effort to lift it, moreover, this cable mechanically connects the lifting handle with the mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lifting, Your rollback fixation includes a rotatable rollback handle attached to the cup on the right side, two flexible cables and two rollback clamps with movable pins installed on the back of the chair and locking the chair during movements by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, while these are flexible the cables mechanically connect the pullback handle with the movable clamp pins, and the armrests contain an arm and a flywheel, and with the help of brackets the armrests on the back are attached to the corresponding sides of the backrest the ability to rotate to a vertical position, with the handwheels adjusting the angle of the armrests, while the attachment system includes, among other things, shoulder and waist belts, a buckle and an inertial reel, with the possibility of inertial fixation of the shoulder belts, a bracket, a device for deflecting the back, two dampers, a lift indicator , head restraint, longitudinal rails, moreover, the bracket having the shape of a closed ring is attached to the cup on the left side, while the profiled strip of rails is made in the form of an I-beam, the upper part whose ring is used to direct the movement of the movement supports, and its faces form four planes for interfacing with the movement supports - upper and lower, which are two horizontal and two side in the form of vertical and inclined, and the carriage consists of two sidewalls, as well as the front and rear jumpers, in this case, two sidewalls forming the right and left sides of the carriage are connected in front and behind by transverse front and rear jumpers, forming a figure similar to a rectangle, while in each support The casing is inserted and connected to the shaft with the possibility of its mechanical connection with the four planes of the upper rail shelf, and the shafts are inserted and fixed in front and rear of each side of the carriage with the possibility of rotation, and the support bearings are connected to the rails, while the four planes formed by the upper rails of the rails are mechanically coupled to the housings of the movement supports, and the holes for fixing the rollback with a vertical arrangement are created in the longitudinal rails attached to the rails, and two rollback clamps are fixed in the rear bridge of the carriage vertically with the possibility of engaging with their movable pins of these holes of the longitudinal rails, while the lock for fixing the lift, lower and two side mounts are created, and the seat support consists of two side support walls, front, lower, rear and upper ties, forks while these supporting walls are similar in shape to two right-angled triangles with unequal legs, and when assembled, longitudinally and vertically arranged supporting walls are connected across the front, bottom, back and top respectively The front, lower, rear, and upper screeds are arranged in a different way, and a figure is formed that is close in a triangular prism, and the smaller leg of each supporting wall, located horizontally, belongs to the lower side of the chair support, the large one, located almost vertically - to the back, the third side is curved, it envelops the bottom of the cup and is the front inclined side, with the supporting walls being fixed from above by the upper screed, and from the inside of each supporting wall, through channels formed vertically opposite each other opposite the friend and which are guides for vertical movement of the cup rollers, and from the inside, a fork is attached to the lower screed, connected to the bottom lock fastener for fixing the lift, while in the groove of the support wall, which, after assembly, is the right side of the chair support, a vertical longitudinal through gap is created for the lift indicator, which is implemented due to the movable arrow mechanically connected to the cup using the indicator bracket located outside this support wall and ruler, attached along this groove outside this supporting wall, while the seat support is attached to the carriage at the front due to axial fastenings through the created horizontal holes in the front of the side support walls and sides of the carriage, as well as behind due to two dampers connecting the rear bridge of the carriage with the rear coupler chair supports, forming for the chair support a movable rotating connection around an axis formed by axial mountings, the cup consisting of a bowl for storing a parachute and a fastening part for mechanical connections with support of the chair with the possibility of vertical movement of the first and the cup with the back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, while the back deflection device includes a rotating back deflection handle fixed to the cup on the left side, two flexible mechanical cables, two spring locks, each of which includes an entrance control and two end brackets, and flexible mechanical cables provide flexible mechanical communication between the back deflection handle and the control inputs of the spring locks, There are tubular guides with spring clips, while for connecting to the mounting part of the cup in the lower part of the back there are two transverse openings located on the same axis, and two ears are formed on the back of the back, the head restraint including a frame, a cover, a filler, two rod guides with a set of superficial grooves deposited on them, while the rod guides are connected to the frame, forming a fork-like appearance, and the place of this connection is covered sequentially with a filler and a cover, with the headrest mounted on top of the backrest by introducing its rod guides into the tubular guides with locking in discrete positions corresponding to the position of the surface grooves using spring clips, and stops are installed at the ends of the rod guides to prevent the rod guides from coming out of the tube guides.

The difference of the utility model is that two straight rails are used, creating a straight rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, each rail consists of a front, an intermediate and a back, respectively, with lengths of 1 ₁ , 1 ₂ and 1 ₃ , for connecting the front and rear parts with the front and rear pairs of movement supports, the length 12 being at least 50 mm, while the upper shelf is removed within the intermediate part of both rails, and the bridge height is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm , excluding the thickness of the shelves, p and the inclination angle β of the inclined side face forming an inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the position of the inclined side faces on the sides of the upper shelves for both rails coincides, and the width of the upper shelf along its upper surface is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, with longitudinal rails of length 1 ₄ not more than the length of the rear parts of the rails and attached to them longitudinally from the inside of the rail track, and the pitch between holes 1 ₅ is 12.7 mm, while the rear conc These rails are not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear of the rails.

Another difference of the utility model is that in order to create an angular rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, four angular rails are used in the form of two pairs of front and rear rails, respectively, for the front and rear support legs wherein each of the corner rails consists of longitudinal and angular shoulders, respectively, with lengths of 1 ₆ and 1 ₇ , with an angle of rotation between them α in the range from 90 ° to 270 °, and the gap 1 ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is not less than 50 mm, while longitudinal e rails with a length of 1 ₄ no longer than the longitudinal shoulders, with holes, a step of 1 ₅ between which is 12.7 mm, are attached on the inner side of the rail track along the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails, and the rear ends of these rails are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the longitudinal shoulders of the rear of the corner rails, the inclination angle β of the inclined side edge forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the inclined side face is located on the outside of the corner elsa, and the width of the upper flange of the upper horizontal faces is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, and headroom is 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thicknesses of shelves.

Another difference of the utility model is that the shaft is implemented on the basis of the inserted support bolt in the displacement bearings, and the body consists of the body of the housing, a pin, a thrust roller with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers, a straight plate, a plate with a radius, a cylindrical roller, bushings, six bolts, while the body of the casing is close in shape to a cube with a square base and has a large lower and small upper parts with a common internal cavity, with a small upper parallelepiped shaped the wife is on a large lower one, while the square base of the body of the body has side sizes ranging from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm, with a central vertical hole formed through the upper part and one through horizontal formed in the lower part, with the support the bolt leaving the threaded rod outward, being fixed with its head inside the small upper part, and in the lower part along the opposite sides two supports are formed with grooves with two rows of three evenly spaced vertices holes for bolts, while in the first support two grooves are formed at the location of two extreme holes from the first row, into which two cylindrical guide rollers are inserted, fixed by a straight plate and pierced through by two extreme bolts, and two guide rollers form a vertical mating plane for the side a rectangular facet of the upper rail shelf, and a central groove is formed in the second support, into which a thrust roller is inserted in the form of a truncated cone with the base down and the section in the horizontal hole, with an angle of inclination from its base β from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, forming an inclined plane of conjugation with the inclined side face of the upper rail shelf, fixed from below by a plate with a radius and a central bolt of the second support, while two cylindrical guides the rollers are staggered relative to the thrust roller, and the cylindrical roller is sequentially mounted with an interference fit on the sleeve, inserted into the internal cavity of the body of the housing and threaded with a pin with a gap with the possibility of rotation it, and the pin is inserted into the through horizontal hole in the lower part and is limited in displacements by two central bolts from opposite rows of bolts, while the outer surface of the cylindrical roller tangentially forms a horizontal interface plane with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal interface plane, and the first support together with the introduced guide rollers is preloaded by a straight plate and the first row of three bolts, and the second support with a persistent role introduced into the groove ohm biased plate with a radius and a second row of the other three bolts, wherein a surface line of the plate and the plate having a radius inward casing bodies form a second horizontal coupling plane.

In addition, the distinguishing feature of the utility model is that the rails and the longitudinal rail are made of duralumin alloys, and the holes in the longitudinal rail have a diameter of 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the latch consists of a housing with external thread, a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm.

Another difference of the utility model is that each damper consists of a truncated cone extender with small and large diameters with a through central hole, a tube, a mounting kit consisting of a bolt and a nut with a washer, and a U-shaped bracket with an upper platform with a central hole and two side ears for mounting, forming an internal cavity, while one ear of the U-shaped bracket dampers are attached to the sides of the carriage, and the other to the rear bridge of the carriage, and the bolt from the mounting kit The project passes through the extender in series, starting with its large diameter, the tube, the hole of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket from the inside of its internal cavity, connects to the rear coupler of the chair support by fixing it with the nut and washer from the mounting kit to the chair support, while for extenders dampers in the carriage, through holes are created with a diameter of at least its large diameter, and the end of the expander with a small diameter partially enters the tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, while on the outer surface of the pipes a flange is formed on the side of the end face not connected to the expander, and a corresponding recess has been created in the internal cavity of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket, which ensures that this flange is combined with the recess in the assembled state and the tube is aligned with the expander, and dampers are installed at a distance of R ₀ in a range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm from the center of the axial mountings of the chair support to the carriage.

Another difference of the utility model is that they use a tube with a constant or variable wall thickness.

Another difference of the utility model is that a bolt with a cone-shaped connecting surface of its head and an expander with a corresponding cone-shaped recess in the surface of the base are used to connect them by inserting the first into the second.

Another difference of the utility model is that the cup consists of a cup for storing the parachute and the rear mounting part used to create movable joints of the cup with the support of the chair with the possibility of vertical movement of the first, as well as the cup with the back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, and the cup is formed using two sidewalls connected by four transversely arranged pipes, one front and bottom and two pipes at the back, while the base is superimposed and attached to the pipes, adjacent to the sidewalls and forming a bowl, and the length of the sidewalls, exceeding the length of the bowl and protruding beyond its limits with its back parts, forms the fastening part at the back of the bowl, used to connect to the back, with a chair support, a lifting device and a lift indicator, and two brackets are additionally introduced into the mounting part for rollers, two hinge brackets, two adapters, a coupler, a small pipe, two axles of a spring lock, while to the rear parts of the sidewalls from their inner sides and to the two rear pipes they are attached to the hinge bracket, forming a gap with the sidewalls, which is used to introduce the lower part of the back side brackets, while also attaching to the two rear tubes and the hinge brackets, in the interior of the latter and also with the formation of a gap, two brackets for rollers are fixed longitudinally, which are fastened transversely by a coupler and a small pipe, while the coupler opposite each other has two adapters with through horizontal holes used to connect to the side locks of the lock for fixing the lift, and from the outside two brackets for rollers are installed along a vertical line, two on each side, with four lifting springs attached on one side to the cup coupler and on the other to the upper coupler of the chair support and create the cup lifting force, while the lifting force is in a range from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf, wherein the backrest frame includes two side brackets, a front bracket, a rear bracket, a bracket, a backrest support, a backrest screed and a corner, the side brackets forming the sides of the frame to which a back support is attached at the front, and a front bracket is attached to the side brackets on top and front, with which the rear bracket is connected, while the front and rear brackets fix tubular guides, the length of which does not exceed 50-100 mm, located along the back and used to attach the head restraint, moreover, spring clips are installed near the lower ends of the tubular guides, and on the back side the side brackets connect the back tie and the corner, on top of which the casing is installed, forming its outer surface the rear side of the frame, while the first movable rotating connection of the cup with the back is carried out by introducing the lower parts of the back side brackets into the gaps between the hinge brackets and the cup sides and is fixed there due to axial fasteners piercing the cup sides in series, transverse holes in the side brackets and the bracket hinges, and spring locks are used for the second mechanical connection of the cup with the back, while with their first end mounts they are attached to the axis p supper lock of the fastening part of the cup, and the second to the ears of the backrest frame, and in the initial position the back of the chair is deviated from the vertical by an angle in the range of 11.8 ° to 12.2 °, preferably 12 ° and can deviate under the action of pressure no more 8 kgf from the starting position at an angle in the range of 18 ° to 22 °, preferably 20 °, with fixing it in any intermediate positions, and the lock for fixing the lift consists of a body and a movable bracket, which in turn includes a rod with a rear wedge acting as a mechanical entrance of the castle d I have lifting locks, a spring, a locking roller, two lateral and one lower fasteners, while the casing is a rod with rounded recesses formed on the outside, and the movable bracket is mounted on the casing with the ability to move along it, and in the movable bracket from the rounded recesses a movable rod is mounted, supported by a spring, and the rear wedge of the rod presses the locking roller against the rounded recesses of the housing and thereby fixes the movable bracket on the housing, with the lower fastening of the housing connected to the fork, rikreplennoy to lower the screed chairs support and lateral bindings movable arm connected to the two reducers mounted on the screed plates, and it may have from 16 to 18, preferably 17 recesses.

In addition, the difference of the utility model is that the spring lock is implemented on the basis of a spring hydraulic lock.

Another difference of the utility model is that an additional pad, frame, insert, rail, adjusting screw, hook, screws, clip, rivets and emphasis are additionally introduced into each armrest, while an internal cavity is created by the armrest frame, and the arm rotation is in a range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf, moreover, an overlay is fixed with a hook and one of the screws on top of the frame, and a clip is formed in the front part of the internal cavity of the frame, which is fixed to rotate the ovik with a rail located along the frame, while the rail has rivets to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected to transmit rotation with an adjusting screw installed in the liner and placed in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame, and the end of the adjusting screw abuts against the stop fixed on the bracket and the adjusting screw has a predetermined range of rotation speed determined by the range of stroke of its rear end, adjusting the armrest tilt in the range from minus 20 ° to 8 ° from the horizontal line one with armrests length ranges from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and their width - from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm.

Within the framework of a single design concept, the indicated technical tasks are also achieved by the fact that the flight crew seat with a parachute cup containing rails, four displacement supports, a carriage, a rotary device, a cup, a backrest, a lifting device, a retraction fixing device, a rotation fixing device, armrests, a tethered system, and the rails are made on the basis of profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them, forming a rail track for moving the chair and attached lower with shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, while holes were formed in the rails to fix the position of the chair, and at the beginning and end of the rails there were stops to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail track, and the four movement supports from below are attached to the carriage with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track while a rotary device is mounted on top of the carriage, based on a rotating connection similar to a ball bearing, in which holes are formed for fixing rotation, also in rotation The device created non-through gutters that act as vertical guides for moving the cup, which is used to lay the parachute, has a saddle profile on the bottom and contains four rollers with the possibility of vertical movements along these gutters, while the back consists of a frame and is covered with a cover, between the cover and the front a filler is introduced by the side of the backrest frame, and the lifting device includes a rotatable lifting handle mounted in front of the cup, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical input, fur a flexible cable and four lifting springs attached to the cup and creating an effort to lift it, while this cable mechanically connects the lifting handle to the mechanical input of the lock to lock the lift, and the kickback locking device includes a pivoting pullback handle attached to the cup on the right side, two flexible cables and two pullback locks with movable pins mounted on the rear side of the chair and locking the chair during movements by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, while these are flexible the cables mechanically connect the rollback handle with the movable locking pins, while the rotation fixing device consists of a rotating rotary handle mounted on the front of the cup, a flexible mechanical cable and a rotation lock with a movable pin, and the rotation handle is mechanically connected by a flexible cable to this movable pin locking the chair when turning due to the mechanical coupling of the movable pin with the holes formed in the rotary device, and the armrests contain an arm and a flywheel, and with With the brackets, the rear armrests are attached to the corresponding sides of the backrest with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position, flush with the backrest, and the armrests are adjusted with the handwheels, while the attachment system includes, among other things, shoulder and waist belts, a buckle and an inertial reel, with the possibility of inertial fixing of shoulder straps, a bracket, a backrest deviation device, two dampers, a lift indicator, a head restraint, longitudinal rails are inserted into the chair, moreover, the bracket having the shape of a closed ring is attached and to the cup on the left side, while the profiled strips of rails are made in the form of an I-beam, the upper shelf of which is used to direct the movement of the movement supports, and its faces form four planes for interfacing with the movement supports - upper and lower, which are two horizontal and two lateral in vertical and inclined, and the carriage consists of two sidewalls, as well as the front and rear jumpers, while the two sidewalls forming the right and left sides of the carriage are connected to the front and rear transverse the front and rear jumpers, forming a figure similar to a rectangle, while the displacement bearings are a body with a shaft with the possibility of mechanical connection of the body with four planes of the upper rail rails, and the shafts are rotatably inserted into the front and rear of each side of the carriage, and the movement supports connected to the rails, while the four planes formed by the upper rails of the rails are mechanically interfaced with the housings of the movement supports, and the holes for fixing the recoil with a vertical position are created in longitudinal rails attached to rails, and two rollback latches are mounted vertically in the rear bridge of the carriage with the possibility of engaging these openings of longitudinal rails with their movable pins, while the lower and two side fasteners are created in the lock for fixing the lift, and the rotary device consists of a separator , a set of balls, a ring, a base plate, a rotary plate, two supporting rotary walls, an upper coupler and a fork, the main and rotary plates having a hole in the center and connected flat with the other, forming with the help of a connected separator, a set of balls and a ring a rotating connection similar to a ball bearing, while these supporting rotary walls are similar in shape to two rectangular triangles with unequal legs, and when assembled, longitudinally and vertically located supporting rotary walls connected by a rotary plate and a figure close in a triangular prism is formed by the upper screed, while the smaller turning legs support rotary walls are connected to the right and left ends of the rotary plate, and their large S located almost vertically form the rear side of the rotary device, the third side is curved, it bends around the bottom of the outer saddle profile of the cup and is the front inclined side, and the supporting rotary walls are fixed with the upper screed on top, and non-through grooves are formed inside each supporting rotary wall vertically opposite each other other and being guides for vertical movement of the cup rollers, while the rotation lock is attached to the turntable, and in the main holes on the plate are formed for engagement with its movable pin, and a fork is attached to the rotary plate at the rear, which is connected to the lower lock fastener for fixing the lift, while the rotary device is attached to the carriage in front due to axial mounts through the created horizontal holes in the front of the main plate and the sidewalls of the carriage, as well as the rear due to two dampers connecting the rear jumper of the carriage with the main plate, forming for the rotary device a movable rotating connection around an axis formed by these axial mounts, the cup consisting of a cup for storing a parachute and a fastener for mechanically connecting the cup to the seat support with the possibility of vertical movement of the first and the cup with the back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, while the back deflection device includes a rotating back deflection handle, mounted on a cup on the left side, two flexible mechanical cables, two spring locks, each of which includes a control input and two end mounts, and flexible mechanical Wasps carry out flexible mechanical connection between the back deflecting handle and the spring lock control inputs, and tubular guides with spring clips are introduced from the top of the back, and two transverse holes are created on the bottom of the back for connecting to the mounting part of the cup, located on the same axis, and with the rear two ears are formed on the side of the back, and the head restraint includes a frame, a cover, a filler, two rod guides with a set of surface grooves applied to them, while the rod guides e are connected to the frame, forming a fork-like appearance, and the place of this connection is covered sequentially with a filler and a cover, the head restraint mounted on top of the back by introducing its rod guides into the tubular guides with locking in discrete positions corresponding to the position of the surface grooves using spring clips, and at the ends of the rod guides stops are installed that exclude the exit of the rod guides from the tubular guides.

Another difference of the utility model is that two straight rails are used, creating a straight rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, each rail consists of front, intermediate and rear parts, respectively, with lengths l ₁ , l ₂ and l ₃ for connecting the front and rear parts with the front and rear pairs of support legs, the length l ₂ being at least 50 mm, while the upper shelf is removed within the intermediate part of both rails, and the height of the bridge is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm without thickness it is solid, while the angle of inclination β of the inclined side face forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the position of the inclined side faces on the sides of the upper shelves for both rails coincides, and the width of the upper shelves along its upper surface are from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, with longitudinal rails of length l ₄ not more than the length of the rear parts of the rails and attached to them longitudinally from the inside of the rail gauge, and the pitch between holes l ₅ is 12.7 mm, this ass s ends of the slats are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear portion of the rails.

Another difference of the utility model is that to create an angular rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, four angular rails are used in the form of two pairs of front and rear rails, respectively, for the front and rear support legs, with this, each of the corner rails consists of longitudinal and angular shoulders, respectively, with lengths l ₆ and l ₇ , with an angle of rotation between them α in the range from 90 ° to 270 °, and the gap l ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is at least 50 mm, with longitudinal rails and the length l ₄ is not longer than the longitudinal shoulders, apertured, Step l ₅ between which is equal to 12.7 mm, attached to the inner side of the track along the longitudinal shoulders rear corner rail, and the rear ends of the slats are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end longitudinal shoulders of the rear of the corner rails, the inclination angle β of the inclined side edge forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the inclined side face is located on the outside of the corner rail And the width of the upper flange of the upper horizontal faces is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, and headroom is 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thicknesses of shelves.

In addition, the distinguishing feature of the utility model is that in the displacement bearings the shaft is implemented on the basis of the inserted support bolt, and the housing consists of the body of the housing, the pin, the thrust roller with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers, a straight plate, a plate with a radius, a cylindrical roller , bushings, six bolts, while the body of the casing is close in shape to a cube with a square base and has a large lower and small upper parts with a common internal cavity, with a small upper parallelepiped shaped it is married to a large lower one, while the square base of the body of the body has side sizes ranging from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm, with a central vertical hole formed through the upper part and one through horizontal formed in the lower part, with the support the bolt exiting with a threaded rod to the outside, fixing with its head inside the small upper part, and in the lower part along the opposite sides two supports are formed with grooves with two rows of three evenly spaced vertical holes for the bolts, while in the first support two grooves are formed at the location of the two extreme holes from the first row, into which two cylindrical guide rollers are inserted, fixed by a straight plate and pierced through by two extreme bolts, and two guide rollers form a vertical mating plane for the side a rectangular facet of the upper rail shelf, and in the second support a central groove is formed into which a thrust roller is inserted in the form of a truncated cone with the base down and the cross section in the side of the horizontal hole, with an angle of inclination from its base β from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, forming an inclined plane conjugated with an inclined side face of the upper rail shelf, which is an inclined plane of coupling, fixed from below by a plate with a radius and a central bolt of the second support, while two cylindrical guide rollers are staggered relative to the thrust roller, and the cylindrical roller is sequentially mounted with an interference fit on the sleeve, inserted into the inner cavity of the body of the housing and threaded a pin with a gap with the possibility of rotation around it, and the pin is inserted into the through horizontal hole in the lower part and is limited in displacements by two central bolts from opposite rows of bolts, while the outer surface of the cylindrical roller tangentially forms a horizontal plane of mating with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal mating plane, and the first support, together with the inserted guide rollers, is pressed by a straight plate and the first row of three bolts in, and a second support inserted into the recess abutment roller is pressed against the plate with a radius and a second row of the other three bolts, wherein a surface line of the plate and the plate having a radius inward casing bodies form a second horizontal coupling plane.

Another difference of the utility model is that the rails and the longitudinal rail are made of duralumin alloys, and the holes in the longitudinal rail have a diameter of 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the rollback retainer consists of a housing with an external a thread, of a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm.

Another difference of the utility model is that the holes in the main plate have a diameter of 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the rotation lock consists of a body with an external thread, a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm.

Another difference of the utility model is that each damper consists of a dilator with a shape of a truncated cone with small and large diameters with a through central hole, a tube, a mounting kit consisting of a bolt and a nut with a washer, and a U-shaped bracket with an upper platform with a central hole and two side ears for mounting, forming an internal cavity, with one ear of the U-shaped bracket dampers attached to the sides of the carriage and the other to the rear bridge of the carriage, while the bolt from the mounting kit and passes through the extender in series, starting with its large diameter, the tube, the hole of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket from the inside of its internal cavity, connects to the main plate of the rotary device by fixing it with a nut and washer from the mounting kit, while for the damper expanders in the carriage through holes are created with a diameter of at least its large diameter, and the end of the expander with a small diameter partially enters the tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, while on the outer surface of the tube, a cylindrical flange is formed on the side of the end face not connected to the expander, and a corresponding recess has been created in the internal cavity of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket, which ensures that this flange is combined with the recess in the assembled state and the tube and extender are centered, while the dampers are set at a distance R ₀ in the range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm from the center of the axial mountings of the rotary device with the carriage.

Another difference of the utility model is that they use a tube with a constant or variable wall thickness.

In addition, the distinguishing feature of the utility model is that a bolt with a cone-shaped connecting surface of its head and an expander with a corresponding cone-shaped recess in the surface of the base are used to connect them by inserting the first into the second.

Another difference of the utility model is that the cup consists of a cup for storing a parachute and a rear mounting part used to create movable joints of the cup with a rotary device with the possibility of vertical movement of the first, as well as a cup with a back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, and the cup is formed using two sidewalls connected by four transverse pipes, one at the front and bottom and two pipes at the back, while the base is superimposed on and attached to them, adjacent to forming the bowl, and the length of the sidewalls, exceeding the length of the bowl and protruding beyond its limits with its rear parts, forms the fastening part at the back of the bowl, used to connect to the back, rotary device, lifting device, and two brackets for rollers are additionally introduced into the mounting part of the cup , two hinge brackets, two adapters, a coupler, a small pipe, two axles of a spring lock, while to the rear parts of the sidewalls from their inner sides and to the two rear pipes are mounted on the hinge bracket, forming a gap with the sidewalls, cat The second one is used to introduce the lower part of the back side brackets, and while attaching also to the two rear pipes and the hinge brackets, in the interior of the latter and also with the formation of a gap, two brackets for rollers are fixed longitudinally, which are fastened by a transverse coupler and a small pipe, while on the screed opposite each other there are two adapters with through horizontal holes used to connect to the side locks of the lock for fixing the lift, and on the outside on the brackets for the rollers along the vertical line there are mounted rollers, two on each side, with four lifting springs attached on one side to the cup coupler and on the other to the top coupler of the rotary device and create a cup lifting force that ranges from 50 kgf up to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf, wherein the backrest frame includes two side brackets, a front bracket, a rear bracket, a bracket, a backrest, a backrest coupler and a corner, the side brackets forming the front sides of the frame to which the front the backrest is attached, and a front bracket is connected to the side brackets from the top and front, with which the rear bracket is connected, while the front and rear brackets fix tubular guides, the length of which does not exceed 50-100 mm, located along the back and used to attach the head restraint, spring clips are installed near the lower ends of the tubular guides, and back braces and a corner connect the back brackets on the back side, on top of which a casing is mounted, forming its outer surface the back side of the frame, with the first movable rotating connection of the cup to the back by introducing the lower parts of the side brackets of the back into the gaps between the hinge brackets and the side of the cup and fixing there due to axial fasteners piercing the side of the cup sequentially, transverse holes in the lower part of the side brackets of the back and hinge brackets, while the spring locks of the back deflection device are used for the second movable rotating connection of the cup to the back, with its first end attachments they are attached to the axes of the spring locks of the mounting part of the cup, and the second to the ears of the backrest frame, and in the initial position the backrest is deviated from the vertical by an angle in the range of 11.8 ° to 12.2 °, preferably 12 ° and can deviate under the action of a pressure force of not more than 8 kgf from the starting position at an angle in the range of 18 ° to 22 °, preferably 20 °, with its fixation in any intermediate positions, while the lock for fixing the lift consists of a housing and a movable bracket, which in its turn includes a back stem otherwise, acting as a mechanical lock entrance for fixing the lift, a spring, a locking roller, two lateral and one lower fasteners, the housing being a rod with rounded recesses formed on the outside, and the movable bracket mounted on the housing with the possibility of moving along it, and the movable bracket from the side of the rounded recesses is equipped with a movable rod, supported by a spring, and the rear wedge of the rod presses the locking roller to the rounded recesses of the housing and this fixes the movable bracket on the housing, whereby the lower fastener the housing is connected to a fork attached to the rotary plate of the rotary device, and the lateral fastenings of the movable bracket is connected to two adapters mounted on the screed of the cup, and it can have from 11 to 13, preferably 12 recesses.

Another difference of the utility model is that the spring lock is implemented on the basis of a spring hydraulic lock.

Another difference of the utility model is that in each armrest, an overlay, frame, liner, rail, adjusting screw, hook, screws, clip, rivets and emphasis are additionally introduced, while an arm cavity is created by the armrest frame, and the arm rotation is in the range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf, and on top of the frame with a hook and one of the screws, a patch is fixed, and a clip is formed in front of the inner cavity of the frame, which is fixed with the possibility of rotation max the ovik with a rail located along the frame, while the rail has rivets to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected to transmit rotation with an adjusting screw installed in the liner and placed in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame, and the end of the adjusting screw abuts against the stop fixed on the bracket and the adjusting screw has a predetermined range of the number of revolutions of rotation determined by the range of stroke of its rear end, adjusting the inclination of the armrest in the range from minus 20 ° to 8 ° from the horizon one, wherein the length of the armrests is in the range from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and their width is from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm.

The resulting new quality from this set of features was not previously known and is achieved only in this utility model.

The presented technical solutions are illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1a, b represent a general view (front and rear) of a non-rotating pilot seat (seat No. 1).

In FIG. 2a, b shows a general view (front and rear) of a swivel chair of the flight crew (seat No. 2).

FIG. 3a-c shows rails (straight and angular) and their cross-section.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the support of movement: a top view (Fig. 4a), in cross-section Α-A (Fig. 4b) and when mounted on a rail together with a rollback latch that engages with a longitudinal rail (Fig. 4c).

FIG. 5 shows a carriage mounted on displacement supports.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows a rollback latch device.

FIG. 7 depicts a seat support.

In FIG. 8a-e show the location of the damper on the chair No. 2 (Fig. 8a, b) and various options for the damper (Fig. 8c-d).

FIG. 9 represents a cup under the parachute for chair No. 2.

In FIG. 10 shows a General view of the chair No. 1 from the rear with a partially depicted parachute cup, lifting device and other nodes.

FIG. 11 depicts a seatback (without headrest).

In FIG. 12 shows a head restraint mounted in the back of a chair.

FIG. 13 shows the design of a head restraint.

In FIG. 14 depicts in general terms a lock for fixing the lift.

FIG. 15 shows a partial right-side view of chair No. 1 mounted on rails, with the possibility of longitudinal movements (according to the bidirectional arrow) with a lift indicator.

In FIG. 16a, b show a general view and arrangement of the armrest.

FIG. 17 represents a rotary device.

Using FIG. 18a, b conditionally explains the position of the seat (and the pilot sitting on it) in the normal state before the longitudinal-side impact F _impact (Fig. 18a) and rotation of the seat by an angle Δγ about the axis AB and damping of energy by the damper due to its elongation Δl _dem with longitudinal - side impact F _impact (Fig. 18b).

The seats are installed in the cockpit in the direction of flight and are attached to the floor of the pilot's cabin using the guide rails. This utility model offers two types of aircraft seats:

- seat number 1 (Fig. 1) is used by pilots (pilots), moves horizontally (on the plane ΧΟΥ), with adjustable lift height, without the possibility of rotation around the vertical axis ΟΖ;

- seat number 2 (Fig. 2) is used by flight crew members: flight engineers, navigators, radio operators, operators and other users, performs all the functions of seat number 1 and, in addition, can rotate around the vertical axis ΟΖ.

Creating the desired trajectory when moving the seats inside the pilot's cabin for the full-fledged work of pilots and flight crew members and fixing them to the floor is impossible without the use of rails, therefore it is accepted that the rails are an integral part of the seats.

The following are the angular deviations provided that the clockwise movement is taken as the positive direction (positive angle) when looking at the left side of the seats. Also, the main direction is considered the direction of the axis OX, along the direction of flight.

In addition, the description is made for armchairs with the right arrangement of handles, which is understood as the location on the right of two handles - pullback handles 401 and locking handles of shoulder straps 1503, and on the left - handles for deflecting the backrest 1001 (as in Fig. 1). For the presented chairs, the left arrangement of handles is possible, as well as special (according to the original technical specifications), which do not fundamentally change the device and functioning of the presented technical solutions.

Chair No. 1 consists of the following nodes: rails 1, horizontal movement supports (hereinafter referred to as movement supports) 2, carriage 3, rollback fixation device 4, chair support 5, dampers 6, cup for a parachute (hereinafter - cup) 7, bracket 8, backrest 9, deflection device for backrest 10, device for vertical movement of the chair (hereinafter referred to as the lift device) 11, lift indicator 12, armrests 13, headrest 14, head restraint 15.

Most of the nodes above are fully and unchanged used in chair number 2. Accordingly, chair No. 2 consists of the following nodes: rails 1, movement supports 2, carriage 3, rollback fixation device 4, rotary device 16, rotation fixation device 17, dampers 6, cup 7, bracket 8, backrest 9, backrest deflection device 10 , lift device 11, lift indicator 12, armrests 13, headrest 14, harness 15.

The nodes of the seats listed above have the following composition and interactions.

To ensure the full operation of the flight crew by creating the desired trajectory when moving the seats, rails 1 are used, which creates a rail track in the XOY plane. Depending on the features of the pilot's cabin (overall dimensions, composition of the flight crew, etc.), the track can be straight or angled, formed respectively by two straight (Fig. 3a) or four angled (Fig. 3b) rails. To prevent the seats from going beyond the rail track, limiters are used.

Rails are profiled strips in the form of an I-beam profile, section (with two horizontal shelves connected by one vertical jumper, Fig. 3B). The height of the bridge at such a profile as the distance from the upper surface of the lower shelf to the lower surface of the upper shelf, i.e. excluding the thickness of the shelves, is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm The lower horizontal shelf of rails 1 is attached to the floor of the pilot's cabin, and the upper shelf is used for direction of movement, and its faces form four planes for interfacing with the movement supports 2 - upper and lower, which are two horizontal and two lateral in the form of vertical and inclined. The width of the upper shelf from the upper side is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm.

To create a straight track, usually along the OX axis, i.e. along the flight direction, a set of two straight rails 101 and 102 (Fig. 3a) can be used, each of which consists of the front 103, intermediate 104 and rear 105 parts, respectively, with lengths l ₁ , l ₂ and l ₃ , for connecting the front and the rear parts with front and rear bearings 2. In this case, the length of the intermediate part 12 is at least 50 mm. Within the intermediate portion 104 of both rails, the upper shelf is removed. The inclined side faces on straight rails are aligned.

Along the rear parts 105 from the inner sides of the rail track to the rails, they are attached along a longitudinal rail 105 of length l ₄ with vertical holes (for engagement with the movable pins 405 of the retention clips 403) with a pitch of l ₅ equal to 12.7 mm. These holes are used to fix the rollback (position) of the chair. The length of the longitudinal rails l _{4 is} not greater than the length of the rear parts of the rails, while the rear ends of these rails are located at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear parts of the rails.

To create an angular gauge, a set of four angular rails 107-110 can be used: two front 107,108 and two rear 109, 110 (Fig. 3b), respectively, for the front and rear pairs of support legs 2. Moreover, each of these angular rails consists of a longitudinal (along the OX axis) of length l ₆ and angular length l _{7 of the} shoulders. The angle of rotation (bending) of the angular track α, determined by the angle between the longitudinal and angular shoulders, can be in the range from 90 ° to 270 °. The gap (gap) l ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is at least 50 mm.

Along the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails 109 and 110 on the inner sides of the rail track are fixed along the longitudinal rail 111 of length l ₄ with vertical holes (for engagement with the movable pins 405 of the retention clips 403), also located with a step of l ₅ . These holes are also used to fix the rollback (position) of the chair. The length of the longitudinal rails of length l ₄ does not exceed the length of the longitudinal shoulders of the rails 109 and 110, while the rear ends of these rails are located at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the longitudinal shoulders. Moreover, for the angular rails 107-110, the inclined side face is located on their outer side.

For straight and angular rails, the inclination angle β of the inclined side face forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 ° (Fig. 3c).

To pair the seats with the rails 1 and ensure smooth movement of the seats along the ΧΟΥ plane, the movement supports 2 are used. As a rule, the total number of movement supports 2 is 4 pcs. and they are installed in vertical holes in front and behind the left and right sidewalls 301 of the carriage 3.

Each displacement support 2 (Fig. 4a, b) consists of a shaft 201 realized with a support bolt, and a housing 202 consisting of a pin 203, a stop roller 204, with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers 205, a straight plate 206, plates with a radius of 207, a cylindrical roller 208, a sleeve 209, bolts 210, lower 211 and upper 212 of the body body.

The general view of the body of the body is close in shape to a cube, with a square base (as viewed from above, Fig. 4a) with side dimensions l ₉ = l ₁₀ in the range from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm and with two parts: large lower 211 and the small parallelepiped shape located on it, having a common internal cavity (Fig. 4b, c). Through the upper part 212 one central vertical hole was made, and in the lower part 211 a through horizontal hole was made. At the same time, the support bolt 201 passes through the first (passed) one, leaving its threaded rod outward and fixing its head inside the small upper part 212 and, as a result, becomes the shaft of the entire displacement support 2, used for insertion into the vertical hole in the side of the carriage 3.

At the same time, in the lower part 211 of the body of the body along opposite sides, near the edges of the square base, two supports with grooves (cavities) are formed with two rows of three equally spaced vertical holes for bolts 210.

The thrust roller 204 has an outer cone-shaped surface of a truncated cone, with an angle of inclination from its base β from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, forming tangentially the oblique lateral plane of mating, mating with the inclined side face of the upper rail shelf. It is installed in the central groove with the base down and the cross-section in the direction of the horizontal hole and pierced by the central bolt 210 of the right second support (Fig. 4a, b).

In this case, two cylindrical guide rollers 205 have an external cylindrical surface and are installed in cavities pierced by two extreme bolts 210 of the left first support, i.e. in a checkerboard pattern relative to the thrust roller 204. These two rollers 205 tangentially form a vertical plane of interface with the lateral rectangular face of the upper shelf of the rails.

A cylindrical roller 208 is mounted on an axial cylindrical sleeve 209, they are placed in the inner cavity of the body of the housing and the latter is mounted on the pin 203 with a clearance for rotation, which is inserted into the horizontal through hole in the lower part 211 of the body of the housing. The outer surface of the cylindrical roller 208 tangentially forms a horizontal interface plane with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal interface plane.

From the bottom, the two supports of the large lower part 211 of the body of the body are preloaded and fixed respectively (Fig. 4b) with a straight plate 206 with the first row of bolts 210 (for guide rollers 205) and a plate with a radius of 207 with a second row of bolts 210 (for the stop roller 204). In this case, the surfaces of a straight plate and a plate with a radius directed inside the cavity of the body of the body form a second horizontal interface plane.

Bolts 210 provide rotation of the guides 205 and the thrust roller 204, and two central ones fix and limit the pin 203 in horizontal displacements.

This arrangement of the rollers 204, 205, 208, as well as the plates 206 and 207, is due to the connection of the displacement supports 2 to the rails 1 due to the interface with the upper, two lateral and lower planes of the upper rail shelf (Fig. 4c), providing high load capacity, reliability and ride smoothness. So a sliding connection is made, allowing longitudinal and excluding lateral and vertical displacements of the first.

In FIG. 4c shows the connection of the displacement support 2 to the rail using the example of the rear part 105 of the direct rail 102, as well as the connection of the latch 403 with the longitudinal rail 106.

The carriage 3 (Fig. 5) is used in seats No. 1 and No. 2 and consists of two sidewalls 301, front 302 and rear 303 jumpers.

Two sidewalls 301, forming the right and left sides of the carriage 3, are connected at the front and rear by transversely arranged front bridges 302 and rear 303, forming a figure similar to a rectangle (when viewed from above). In the front and rear parts of each sidewall 301, vertical through holes are made for installing the supports 2, with which the carriage 3 is attached to the rails 1. Being the main power element, the carriage 3 holds the chair from above through the chair support 2 (for chair No. 1) or swivel device 15 (for chair No. 2).

In addition, horizontal through holes for axial fastenings (not shown) along the horizontal axis AB transverse to the seats connecting the carriage 3 with the same horizontal through holes in the front of the seat support 2 (for seat No. 1) or the rotary device 16 are made in front of the sidewalls 301 (for chair number 2).

Through holes are formed in the rear jumper 303 for mounting the latches 403 of the rollback fixation device 4.

The device for fixing the rollback 4 is used to lock the position of the seats No. 1 and No. 2 in the rails 1 and consists of a rotating knob 401 attached on the right side to the cup 4, mechanically connected with it two flexible cables 402 (shown in Fig. 5) connected with two 403 pullback latches mounted on the rear jumper 103 of the carriage 3.

The design of the retention clips 403 includes the following main elements (Fig. 6): a body 404 with external thread, a movable pin 405, a spring 406, and adjusting elements 407.

The movable pin 405 is mechanically connected to the cable 402, is pressed by the spring 406 and its outer part extends beyond the housing by at least 10 mm. An external thread on the housing 404 is used to secure the latch by screwing it into the threaded hole in the rear jumper 303. Adjusting elements 407 are used to adjust the movement of the movable pin 405 from the range of the cable tension 402.

Pulling the cable 402 by turning the pullback handle (pulling it toward you) 401 pulls the movable pin 405 into the housing 404 until it is fully inserted and is used to unlock it when moving the chair. Subsequent release of the cable 402 leads to the removal of the movable pin 405 due to the expansion of the spring 406, and the introduction of one of the rails 1 into the hole of the longitudinal rail 105 (meshing with the hole - Fig. 4c) and fixing the chair in a new position.

Further, when describing the rotation fixing device 17, a rotation lock 1703 is used which is structurally completely similar to the rollback clamps 403 described above.

The seat support 5 (Fig. 1) is used only in seat No. 1, from the bottom it connects the carriage 3, coupled with the rails 1, to the cup 7 and the back 9 of the chair located at the top and at the same time is used to extinguish energy during a longitudinal-side impact in an emergency.

The seat support 5 (Fig. 7) consists of lateral support walls (hereinafter referred to as support walls) 501, front 502, lower 503, rear 504 and upper 505 (shown in Fig. 10) ties, forks 506.

The supporting walls 501 are close in shape to two symmetrical right-angled triangles with unequal legs. After assembly of the longitudinally and vertically arranged supporting walls 501, connected to the front, bottom, rear and top, respectively, transverse to the front 502, lower 503, rear 504 and upper 505 ties, a figure is formed that is close in a triangular prism. At the same time, the smaller leg of each supporting wall 501, located horizontally, belongs to the lower side of the seat support 5, the large one, located almost vertically to the rear, the third side is curved, bends around the bottom of the outer contour of the cup and is the front inclined side, while the upper supporting walls 501 are fixed to the top screed 505.

On the inner sides of each abutment wall 501, non-through grooves, grooves 507 are formed that are vertically opposite each other and act as guides for the vertical movement (vertical rails) of the rollers 706 of the cup 7.

In the groove 507 of the supporting wall 501, which, after assembly, is the right side of the seat support 5, a vertical longitudinal through groove (slot) 508 is formed, which is used for the lift indicator 12. A fork 506 is attached to the lower coupler 503 to engage with the lift device 11 (lower mount 1111 lock for fixing the lift 1102).

On the rear screed 504 near the supporting walls 501, two through holes are formed for connection with dampers 6.

Near the apex formed by the lower and front sides of each supporting wall 501, transverse horizontal holes were made along the axis AB. These holes are used for axial fastenings when attaching the seat support 5 to the carriage 3. In addition, at the back of seat No. 1, dampers 6 connect the seat support 5 to the rear jumpers 303 of the carriage 3. Around the axis AB, seat No. 1 is rotated in an emergency in case of a longitudinal-side impact , most of the energy of which is extinguished by dampers 6.

Each of the two dampers 6 (Fig. 8a, b) mounted on the chair consists of an expander (cone) 601, having the shape of a truncated cone with a through central hole, similar to a cone roller, a cylindrical tube (hereinafter referred to as the tube) 602, and a mounting kit 603 (bolts and nuts with a washer) and U-shaped bracket 604 with an upper platform with a central hole and two side ears for fastening, forming an internal cavity. In this case, on the bolt from the mounting kit 603, starting from its head, the expander 601 (with a large diameter to the head of the bolt), tube 602, U-shaped bracket 604 are sequentially mounted, ending with its upper platform and fixed with the nut and washer from the mounting kit 603. When this small diameter, the cross section of the cone 601 partially enters the tube 602 and this connection is located in the inner cavity of the U-shaped bracket 604.

A cylindrical flange (bead) 605 is formed on the outer surface of the tube 602, which is not connected to the cone 601, and a corresponding recess (ledge) 606 is formed for it from the internal cavity of the U-shaped bracket 604. In the assembled state, the flange 605 enters and aligns with a recess 606, providing centering of the connection tube 602-expander 601 in the internal cavity of the U-shaped bracket 604 and excluding its angular distortions. This ensures that the specified amount of energy suppression from the longitudinal-lateral impact of the entire damper 6.

In one embodiment of the seats, two dampers 6 are predominantly used, mounted on the rear side of the carriage 3, next to the bis detents using the U-shaped bracket 604 attached by the first ear to the rear bridge 303 of the carriage 3, and the second ear to its sidewall 101 (Fig. 8a b). Using the mounting kit 603, the damper 6 is connected to the movable part of the chair (which rotates around the AB axis when damping energy from a longitudinal-side impact), namely with the support of the chair 5 (for chair No. 1) or with a rotary device 16 (for chair No. 2, Fig. 8a, b).

The damper 6 design, in which the cone 601 is made of a duralumin alloy, for example, D16T with a length of 15 mm and large and small diameters of 19 mm and 15 mm, was calculated, practically worked out and experimentally tested. The tube 602 can be made of stainless steel, for example, 12X18H10T and has a length of 22 mm, an inner diameter of 15 mm, an outer diameter of 19 mm. When assembling the damper 6, the expander 601 is inserted and pressed into the tube 602 (the tube 602 is pulled onto the expander 601, Fig. 8b) due to its partial expansion with a depth of at least 5 mm.

The dampers 6 are used to absorb (quench) the energy of movement of the moving parts of the seats (turning around the axis AB) from a sharp longitudinal-lateral impact, impact due to pressing a cone 601 inside the tube 602, leading to its plastic deformation and expanding to a maximum diameter of cone 601, but excluding rupture, destruction, etc. To ensure the maximum stroke of the cone 601 in the process of energy absorption in the jumper 303, through holes with a diameter exceeding the large diameter of the cone 601 were made (Fig. 8b).

As shown by multiple full-scale tests with a longitudinal-side impact of 16 g for damper 6 with the above parameters, the maximum stroke of the expander 601 was about 15 mm. Those. the calculated and selected length of the tube was sufficient to completely absorb this shock due to plastic deformation (expansion) without breaking the tube 602.

Damper 6 is installed at a distance R ₀ in the range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm from axial mounts along the axis AB:

- chair support 5 to the carriage 3 for chair No. 1;

- the rotary device 16 to the carriage 3 for chair No. 2.

Depending on the requirements, the damper 6 can be performed in other versions. It is possible to use a cone-shaped tube 602 (form truncated cone) with a variable (for example, linearly changing) wall thickness, with external or internal (Fig. 8 g) cones. The function of changing the wall thickness can also be individually selected for specific biomedical indicators of a person.

In addition, to prevent angular displacements of the expander 601 and tube 602 relative to the U-shaped bracket 604 and a corresponding undesirable decrease in the energy absorption efficiency of the entire damper 6, it is possible to use a bolt from the mounting kit 603 with a cone-shaped surface for connecting its head, for example with a countersunk head, and formed, for example due to countersinking, corresponding to a conical surface at the base of the expander 601 (“under the cone”) for it. When assembling and entering such a bolt into the cone, an additional alignment of the cone 601 and tube 602 with respect to the U-shaped bracket 604 is provided and guaranteed.

The cup 7 conventionally consists of a bowl for storing a parachute and a rear mounting part, while the bowl is formed using two sidewalls 701, four pipes 702 and a base 703 in the form of a plate. In the bowl (Fig. 9, 10 shows the cup of the chair No. 2, and in Fig. 15 - the chair No. 1) during the flight, the user’s parachute is placed and, thus, a seat is created that softens shock loads.

Two sidewalls 701 connect four transverse pipes 702: one at the front and bottom and two pipes at the back. A base 703 is superimposed on and attached to the pipes 702, adjacent to the sidewalls 701 and forming a saddle-shaped profile of the bowl from below.

The length of the sidewalls 701 exceeds the length of the bowl and, acting with its rear parts (wings) beyond, forms the back part of the bowl that is used to connect to the backrest, seat support (for chair No. 1) or a swivel device (for chair No. 2), lifting device.

Two brackets for rollers, two hinge brackets 704, two axles of a spring lock 705, a coupler 707, a small pipe 708, two adapters 709 are additionally introduced into the mounting part of the cup, while to the rear parts of the sidewalls from their inner sides and to the two rear pipes they are attached the hinge bracket, forming a gap with the sidewalls, which is used to introduce the lower part of the side brackets of the backrest 9.

To the rear parts (wings) of the sidewalls 701 from their inner sides and to the two rear pipes 702, it is fastened along the hinge bracket 704, forming a gap with the sidewalls 701. Within this gap, between each hinge bracket 704 and the sidewalls 701 is also installed along the axis of the spring lock 705, which is used to introduce the lower part of the side brackets of the backrest and attach the deviation device of the backrest 10 and the lower end attachment of the spring lock 1002 (Fig. 10), discussed below.

In addition, by attaching also to the two rear pipes 702 and the hinge brackets 704, in the inner space of the latter and also with the formation of a gap, they are fixed to the bracket for the rollers 706. In addition to being attached to the pipes 702, the brackets for the rollers 706 are also fastened from the inside by a transverse tie (bracket ) 707 and a small pipe 708. On the coupler 707, adapters 709 are installed with through horizontal holes, opposite each other, used to connect with the side fasteners 1110 of the lock for fixing the lift 1102.

On the outside of the two brackets for the rollers 706, four rollers 710 are mounted, two vertically on each side. After connecting the cup 7, for example, with the support of the chair 5 (for chair No. 1), these rollers 710 are moved along the grooves 507, providing its vertical movement.

In the upper part of the coupler 707 above the adapters 709 there is a bracket for a cable 711, used in the process of transmitting the tension of the cable 1103, connecting the lifting handle 1101 with the lock for fixing the lifting 1102.

Four spring brackets 712 are installed on the bottom of both sides of the coupler 707, two in front and behind, used to engage the springs 1104 and tension to the upper coupler 505 (in the seat support 5, Fig. 8b, chair No. 1) or the upper coupler 1608 (for rotary device 16, chair No. 2).

A bracket 8 and a handle for deflecting the backrest 1001 are attached to the left sidewall 701. A pullback handle 401 is installed on the right sidewall 701. In the chair No. 1 and 2, the lifting handle 1101 is attached to the base 703 on the front side, and the handle No. 2 next to it is also attached. turning 1701.

The bracket 8 (shown in Fig. 1a and Fig. 2a) has the shape of a closed ring and is attached to the cup 3 on the left. The bracket 8 clings to the parachute halyard for its subsequent pulling and opening in the event of an emergency leaving a person in the airplane cockpit.

The backrest 9 (Fig. 11) is used to create a comfortable working environment and includes two side brackets 901, front bracket 902, rear bracket 903, bracket 904, backrest support (frame) 905, backrest coupler 906, corner 907, two ears 908, two tubular guides 909, soft filler 910, cover 911.

The side brackets 901 form the sides of the back of the chair 9, to which the back of the backrest 905 is attached in front of their entire area. Top (and front) to the side brackets 901 is attached a front bracket 902, to which a rear bracket 903 is connected. The front 902 and rear 903 brackets fix tubular guides 909 (Fig. 12) located along the backrest 9, with a length of not more than 50-100 mm, used for mounting the head restraint 14. Such a connection, like a socket with two holes (have a rosette-like appearance), forms a pair of joint rod guides 1404 of the head restraint 14 (Fig. 13) with a gap allowing it to move and set at the desired level due to slippage ( Fig. 12).

An ear 908 is formed in the lower part of each side bracket 901, which is used for fastening to the cup 7 (by connecting with the second end fasteners of the spring locks 1002), and is also made through a transverse through hole that are located on the same axis of the LED (Fig. 11) .

Near the lower ends of the tubular guides 909 located inside the backrest 9, spring clips 912 (FIG. 12), each with a spring-loaded ball, are laterally mounted. Due to the emphasis of the latter, especially in cases of dropping balls into grooves formed on the rod guides, the desired level of head restraint 14 is fixed.

On the back side, side brackets 901 connect the backrest coupler 906 and corner 907, on top of which the casing is installed, forming the back side of the backrest 9 with its outer surface. In the assembled state, the 911 seat is put on the back of the chair 9, and a soft filler 909 is fixed between it and the backrest support 905. , for example, from polyurethane foam.

The backrest 9 is attached to the cup 7 by introducing the lower parts of its side brackets 901 into the gaps between the hinge brackets 704 and the cup sides 701 and fixing there with the possibility of rotation around the axis of the LED (Fig. 10) due to axial fasteners piercing the cup sidewalls 701 sequentially, transverse holes in the lower part of the side brackets 901 backs and brackets hinge 704,

Another point of attachment of the backrest 9 to the cup 7 is determined by the position of the ears 908, which are attached to the deflection device of the backrest 10, in particular to the second end fasteners of the spring locks 1002, which allows you to set the desired deviation of the backrest 9.

In one embodiment, in the initial position, the back of the chair 9 is deviated from the vertical by an angle in the range of 11.8 ° to 12.2 °, preferably 12 ° from the vertical. And it can deviate under the action of the pressure force of the upper body with a value, as a rule, not more than 8 kgf) from the initial position by an angle in the range of 18 ° to 22 °, preferably 20 °, with its fixation in any intermediate positions.

The device for deflecting the backrest 10 includes a handle that rotates around the axis and deflecting the backrest 1001 (Fig. 1a, Fig. 2a), two spring locks 1002 (Fig. 1b, 2b), and two mechanical flexible cables 1003.

Two cables 1003, connect the back deflection handle 1001, mounted on the left side of the cup, with two spring locks 1002, each of which includes two end fasteners (mounting parts). The first (lower) end fastener (fastener), the spring locks 1002 are attached at the back to the axis of the spring lock 705 of the cup 7, and the second (upper) at the rear of the back of the chair 9, to its ears 908 (Fig. 10).

The cables 1003 provide a flexible mechanical connection between the handle for deflecting the backrest 1001 and the control inputs of the spring locks 1002. By pulling the cables 1003, the state of the spring locks 1002 is regulated with a force of not more than 3 kgf: pull the cables 1003 and spring locks by pulling the handle 1001; 1002 are transferred to the open state (free compression / stretching), which, as a result, allows you to deflect the back of the seat 9. If the handle 1001 is in the initial state, then the spring locks 1002 will be closed, they will not be able to compress or stretch, respectively 9-retarded backrest will also be recorded.

Spring locks 1002 can be implemented, for example, on the basis of standard controlled hydraulic locks, brand 1-10-3С5Ахх, manufactured by P.L. Porter Controls (USA, Internet resource - htty: //www.craneae.com/Products/Cabin/Hydrolok.aspx).

The lifting device 11 is used to adjust the vertical position of the seats No. 1 and No. 2 and its operation is based on the interaction of elements of different nodes.

To lift the chair No. 1, non-through guide chutes 507 (Fig. 7) are used, formed in the supporting walls 501 of the support of the chair 5. In contrast, to lift the chair No. 2 non-through guide chutes 1609 are used (Fig. 8b, 17) formed in the supporting the pivoting walls 1607 of the pivoting device 16. During the lifting process, the rollers 710 move along these troughs, dragging the cup 7 along and thereby ensuring a smooth installation of its desired height.

The lifting device 11 uses a lifting handle 1101 (Fig. 1a, 2a) mounted in front of the cup 7, a lock for fixing the lifting 1102 (Fig. 14), a cable 1103 (Fig. 10) and four lifting springs 1104 (Fig. 10). In this case, the lifting springs 1104 mechanically connect and tighten the cup 7, clinging to its screed 707 with spring brackets 712, and (depending on the type of chair):

- seat support 5, clinging to the upper screed 505 (for chair No. 1),

- the rotary device 16, clinging to the upper screed 1608 (for chair No. 2).

The lock for fixing the lift 1102 (Fig. 14) is a locking device designed for vertical loads of up to 14 g and consists of a housing 1105 and a movable bracket 1106, which in turn includes a rod 1107 with a rear wedge, a spring 1108, a locking roller 1109 , two side 1110 and one lower 1111 mount.

The housing 1105 is a rod with rounded recesses formed on the outside. The movable bracket 1106 is mounted on the housing 1105 with the possibility of sliding (moving) on it. In the movable bracket 1106 from the side of the rounded recesses, a rod 1107 is placed, with the possibility of movement, supported by a spring 1108. In this case, the rear wedge of the rod 1107 presses the locking roller 1109 to the rounded recesses of the housing 1105 and thereby fixes the movable bracket 1106 on the housing 1105.

The lifting handle 1101 with a flexible cable 1103 is mechanically connected to the rod 1107. The housing 1105 is connected from below to the support of the chair 5 (using fork 506 for chair No. 1) or the rotary device 16 (using fork 1609 for chair No. 2 - Fig. 8b). Side mounts 1110 of the movable bracket 1106, a lock for fixing the lift 1102 is connected to the bracket 707.

By pulling (by turning "towards yourself") the lifting handle 1101 through the flexible cable 1103, it is possible to pull the spring-loaded rod 1107 from the movable bracket 1106, which, with its rear wedge, releases the locking roller 1109. This allows the movable bracket 1106 to move along the housing 1105, to entrain the cup 7 guided rollers 706 along the guide grooves 507 (for chair No. 1) or 1609 (for chair No. 2) in the desired direction:

- on the rise by tightening the four lifting springs 1104 with a force of from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf,

- lowering under the influence of the user's own weight, if he weighs more than 50-60 kg.

After releasing the lifting handle 1101 and correspondingly loosening the flexible cable 1103, the spring-loaded rod 1107 is retracted by the spring 1108 and presses the locking roller 1109 into the nearest rounded recess, thereby fixing the movable bracket 1106 and blocking it from moving.

The housing 1105 used in the chair No. 1 may have from 16 to 18, preferably 17 recesses and thus this chair has from 16 to 18, preferably 17 intermediate height positions. Accordingly, in chair No. 2, there can be from 11 to 13, preferably 12 recesses with a similar number of intermediate height positions.

Lift indicator 12 is used only in the seat No. 1 to indicate the current level of its rise and its adjustment to set the desired field of view of the pilot.

The lift indicator 12 (Fig. 15) is implemented by an arrow 1201 mechanically connected by an indicator bracket 1202 (not shown) with a cup 7 through a groove 508 in the right of the support walls 501. On the outside of the right support wall 501, a ruler 1203 is attached parallel to the groove 508 length corresponding to the full range of chair lift.

The vertical movements of the cup 7 lead to the corresponding vertical movements of the bracket 1202 with the arrow 1201. These movements are measured by the attached ruler 1203. The maximum lifting range of chair No. 1, as a rule, is 180 mm — 90 mm in each direction relative to the middle selected for the zero point, and seats No. 2, respectively, 130 mm and 65 mm.

For the convenience of pilots and flight crew members, both types of seats are equipped with two (left and right backrest 9) armrests 13, which independently, independently of each other, can occupy any position between the extreme horizontal (in the direction of flight) and vertical (up) positions.

The device of the armrests 13 is shown as an example of the right armrest (Fig. 16a, b), attached using the bracket 1301 to the back 9, and contains a pad 1302, frame 1303, insert 1304, wheel (flywheel) 1305, rail 1306, adjusting screw 1307, hook 1308, screws 1309-1311, clip 1312, rivets 1313, emphasis 1314.

An internal cavity is created by the armrest frame 1303, and the back part of the frame is connected to the bracket 1301 with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position (up) or flush with the back with an effort not exceeding the range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf.

An overlay 1302 is secured on top of the carcass by means of a hook 1308 and a screw 1309. A clip 1312 is formed in front of the inner cavity of the carcass 1303, and the wheel 1305 is fixed for rotation with a rail 1306 located along the armrest frame 1303. This rail 1306 has rivets 1313 to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected for transmitting rotation with the adjusting screw 1307 installed in the liner 1304, located in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame 1303. In this case, the rear end of the adjusting screw 1307 abuts against Op 1314 attached to the bracket 1301. The adjusting screw 1307 has a predetermined range of the rotation number of revolutions determines the range of its stroke the rear end regulating tilt of the armrest 13 in the range of -20 ° to 8 ° from the horizon line.

The length of the armrests is in the range from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and the width is from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm.

For the convenience of short-term rest of pilots and flight personnel, and especially to exclude damage to the cervical spine during longitudinal-side impact in emergency situations, the seats are equipped with a head restraint 14.

The headrest 14 (Fig. 13) is mounted on top of the backrest 9 and includes a frame 1401, a cover 1402, a filler 1403, two rod guides 1404 with a diameter of 8 mm to 15 mm, preferably 10 mm, with surface grooves 1405 (recesses, notches, grooves) in the area from 45 mm to 55 mm long, preferably 50 mm. At the ends of the rod guides 1404, stops 1406 are installed that protect against the complete removal of the headrest 14.

The rod guides 1404 are connected to the frame 1401, forming a fork-like appearance (like a fork with two teeth), and the place of this connection is successively covered with a filler 1403, for example, of polyurethane, and a cover 1402 creating a headrest cushion 14. It has dimensions in height, width and thickness. not more than 200 mm for each parameter, while the length of the rod guides 1404 extending beyond the headrest cushion is not more than 200 mm.

The headrest 14 is mounted on top of the backrest 9 by inserting its rod guides 1404 into the tubular guides 909 (FIG. 12), forming a gap between them of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.3 mm. The spring clips 912 are pressed by their spring-loaded balls to the grooves of the rod guides 1404 and fix them in discrete positions corresponding to these grooves by dropping the spring ball into them. In one of the seat options, the force of pressing the spring clips 912 sets the force for moving the headrest evenly applied to its side parts at least 14 kgf.

The spring clip is a one-piece standard product, for example, manufactured by HEINRICH KIPP WERK (Germany, Internet resource - http://www.kippcom.ru/App/WebObjects/XSeMPSOPP.woa/cms/page/locale.ruRU/pid. 1097.1105.1226 / agid.13221 / ecm.ag / index).

The attachment system 15 (Fig. 1a, 2a) is used to fix the user's body at different stages of the flight of the aircraft and especially during an emergency landing or when it is incapacitated.

In one embodiment, the harness 15 can be 4-point with a locking mechanism for shoulder straps and consists of length-adjustable waist belts that are attached to the side of the chair; shoulder straps with an inertial locking mechanism (inertial coil) 1501 installed in the back 9 (Fig. 11); buckles that fix (or unlock) two waist and two shoulder belts; a mechanism for mechanically fixing the shoulder straps, including the locking handle of the shoulder straps 1502 (Fig. 1B, Fig. 2b), a flexible cable, mechanically connected to the inertial coil 1501.

As the attachment system 15, a standard product 1-10-3C5Axx manufactured by Schroth Safety Products GmbH (Germany, Internet resource http://www.schroth.com) can be used.

The implementation of the rotation of the chair No. 2 around the vertical axis OZ and its fixation is ensured by the joint operation of the rotary device 16 and the rotation fixation device 17. In addition, the rotary device 16 (and two dampers 6) suppress energy during a longitudinal-side impact in an emergency.

The pivoting device 16 (FIG. 17) consists of a separator 1601, a set of balls 1602 (not shown), a ring 1603, a main plate 1604, a pivoting plate 1605, supporting pivoting walls 1607, an upper coupler 1608 (not shown) and a fork 1609.

The rotation fixing device 17 consists of a rotation handle 1701 (Fig. 2a), a cable 1702 (Fig. 17, 8b) and a rotation lock 1703 (Fig. 17, 8b). The rotation handle 1701 is installed in front of the cup 5, next to the lifting handle 1101 and is mechanically connected by a flexible cable 1702 (Fig. 8b) with a rotation lock 1703 (Fig. 8b) mounted on the turntable 1605 (Fig. 17, 8b).

The main plate 1604 and the pivot plate 1605 have a hole in the center and are connected flat to each other, forming by means of the connected separator 1601, a set of balls 1602 and a ring 1603, a movable rotating joint similar to a rotating ball bearing (Fig. 17).

Longitudinally and vertically arranged supporting rotary walls 1607 are attached to the turntable 1605 from the lateral sides (right and left), similar in shape to two right-angled triangles with unequal legs, the upper screed 1608 fixes them from above. The assembled longitudinally and vertically located supporting rotary walls 1607, connected by a rotary plate 1605 and the upper screed 1608, a figure is formed close in a triangular prism. At the same time, the smaller leg of each supporting wall 1607, located horizontally, is connected to the rotary plate 1605, the large, located almost vertically to the rear, the third side is curved, bends around the bottom of the outer contour of the cup and is the front inclined side, while the upper supporting rotary walls 1607 are fixed by the upper screed 1608.

On the inner sides of the support rotary walls 1607 formed through holes, grooves 1610, located vertically opposite each other and acting as guides for moving the rollers 710 when lifting the cup 5.

The upper coupler 1608 of the rotary device 16 is completely similar to the upper coupler 505 (FIG. 10) of the seat support 5.

In the front, in the main plate 1604, transverse horizontal holes were made, located on the same AB axis, used for axial fastenings when connected to the carriage 3. In addition, two dampers 6 connect the rotary device 16 to the rear bridge 303 of the carriage 3 in the back of the chair. Thus, in an emergency in the form of a longitudinal-side impact, most of the energy is extinguished by dampers 6 and chair number 2 rotates around this axis AB.

A fork 1609 and a rotation lock 1703 are attached to the rear of the turntable 1605. The fork is attached to a lower lock fixture 1111 to secure the lift 1102.

When fixing the desired rotation angle for interfacing with the movable pin of the rotation lock 1703 on the turntable 1605, a set of holes (or through holes) located around the circle is formed. To prevent winding and destruction of flexible cables, the maximum angle of rotation around the OZ axis of the turntable 1605 relative to the main plate 1604 is structurally limited to 335 °.

As previously shown, the rotation lock 1703 is structurally completely similar to the rollback clamps 403 described above. Under the axial mounts in the axes AB (seat support - carriage, swivel device - carriage) and LED (backrest - cup sides), known detachable joints can be used with the possibility of ensure rotation of the connected parts, for example, with a washer with a cotter pin.

So, in one of the executions, chair No. 1 has the following overall dimensions:

- the height is from 1135 mm to 1155 mm, preferably 1145 mm (provided that the backrest is in its original position);

- the width in the transverse direction is from 550 mm to 560 mm, preferably 555 mm;

- the width in the longitudinal direction (provided that all movable elements are in the initial position) is from 700 mm to 710 mm, preferably 705 mm.

Armchair No. 2 in one of the versions can also have the following overall dimensions:

- the height is from 1185 mm to 1205 mm, preferably 1195 mm (provided that the backrest is in its original position);

- the width in the transverse direction is from 550 mm to 560 mm, preferably 555 mm;

- the width in the longitudinal direction (provided that all movable elements are in the initial position) is from 700 mm to 710 mm, preferably 705 mm.

Both types of seats and means of fixation are designed for people from 1.57 m to 1.9 m in height, preferably 1.75 m. All devices, blocks and mechanisms that make up the proposed seats are collapsible and resistant to vibration loads of all phases of an airplane’s flight .

The proposed seats with adjustments and energy suppression work as follows.

The seats No. 1, 2 are moved to the desired working position in the XOY plane by pulling (by turning “toward you”) the pullback handle 401 and unlocking the pullback latches 403 by pulling the spring-loaded movable pins 405 with the flexible cable 402 and out of engagement with the holes of the longitudinal rails of the rails one.

Further, due to the creation of force when pushing (or pulling) the feet on the floor, the chair moves to the most convenient working position and then releasing the recoil knob 401, the spring-loaded movable pins 405 are brought out and due to small movements of the chair “back and forth”, they are secured in the guide rails of the floor for introducing these pins into the holes of the longitudinal rails. Armchairs can have 15 working positions in the range of 177.8 mm in increments of 12.7 mm.

The rotation of the chair can be carried out only for chair number 2. To the desired working position, the rotation is carried out by pulling (turning "towards yourself") the rotation handle 1701 and correspondingly unlocking the rotation lock 1703 (Fig. 8b) by pulling the spring-loaded movable pin 1705 (not shown) into the housing using a flexible cable 1702. Further , similar to the previous case, due to the creation of the force of circular rotation (clockwise or vice versa), the chair turns with its feet on the floor to the most convenient working position. By releasing the rotation handle 1701, the rotation lock 1703 enters the working state of fixation with the movable pin 1705 withdrawn for engaging, mechanically mating with the hole in the main plate 1604 corresponding to the selected rotation of the chair. Turning the chair "left-right" to a small extent achieve its fixation in the guide rails of the floor.

The height adjustment of seats No. 1.2 is carried out by pulling (turning on "yourself") the lifting handle 1101, which pulling the cable 1103, ultimately pulls the spring-loaded wedge-shaped rod 1107 (Fig. 14), releasing the locking roller 1109 and unlocking the movable bracket 1106 The latter becomes movable relative to the housing 1105.

Then the user sits down on the chair and, due to its own weight, moves it down to the required level (for lowering) by stretching the lifting springs 1104 attached to the coupler 707 and the upper coupler 505 of the chair 5 support (for chair No. 1) or the upper coupler 1608 of the rotary device 16 (for a chair No. 2). Or, with a little harassment, when the chair as a result of compression of the lifting springs 1104, rises to the required level. Developed lifting force is usually from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf. Further, by releasing the lifting handle 1101, the chair is fixed

For ease of operation, and to increase visibility, the seats have discrete adjustment, for example, in increments in the range from 8 to 12 mm, preferably 10 mm, in the vertical direction and locked in intermediate positions, for example, in the range from 170 mm to 190 mm, preferably 180 mm for chair No. 1 and in the range from 120 mm to 140 mm, preferably 130 mm for chair No. 2.

In addition, in the chair No. 1 due to the use of the chair lift indicator 12, it is possible to display and then remember the desired values.

The backrest deviation No. 1.2 is carried out by lifting the backrest deflection handle 1001 upwards, for example, with a force of not more than 3 kgf, and pulling the flexible cables 1003 the spring locks 1002 are opened (unlocked) (Fig. 10), which in turn will unlock the backrest 9. By pressing the body of the body, with an effort of not more than 8 kgf, a person deflects it to the desired position (with a positive deflection angle) by a value in the range from 18 ° to 22 °, preferably 20 ° from the initial deviation from the vertical, in the range from 10 ° to 14 ° preferably 12 °. In the process of pressing the backrest 9 with the unlocked spring locks 1002, their length is reduced, and the built-in spring is compressed.

The deviation of the back of the chair with a negative deflection angle occurs due to the bending of the upper part of the human body with the spring locks 1002 unlocked and their corresponding lengthening due to the expansion of the built-in spring.

After selecting the desired position by the user, the deflection handle of the backrest 1001 is released, the cables 1003 are released, and the spring locks 1002 go into a locked state with the backrest 9 secured in the selected position.

To move up the armrests (Fig. 16a, b) of the chair No. 1, 2, pull the front of the armrest upwards, with a force in the range of 2 to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf. The armrest will latch upright. The armrest is moved to a horizontal position in the reverse order.

The adjustment of the working position of the armrest is carried out by rotating the flywheel 1305 for each armrest independently. The rotation of the wheel 1305 in one or the other direction, leading by means of the rail 1306 to the rotation of the screw 1307, respectively, leads to the twisting (or screwing) of its rear end and, due to abutment against the emphasis 1314, raising or lowering the entire armrest.

Adjusting the position of the head restraint in height of the seats No. 1.2 is carried out by moving it, for example, with a force of at least 14 kgf, evenly applied to both side parts of the head restraint in the desired direction (up or down) to a comfortable position. The fixation of the headrest is carried out automatically for the use of built-in spring clips 912 (Fig. 12).

The energy suppression of the proposed seats from the effects of longitudinal-side impact is as follows.

At the initial time, the connection of the chair with the carriage 3 is determined by two points: point M (axial mounting of the chair with the carriage) and the second conditional point N (mounting the chair to the carriage 3 through the damper 6), located at a distance R ₀ from the axis AB (Fig. 18a )

With a longitudinal-side impact F, the _{impact of the} chair deviates from its original position and rotates around the axis AB in the negative direction (counterclockwise) within a small angle Δγ between the axes MP (before the impact) and MP ′ (after the impact) due to the lengthening of the damper Δl _dem with damping the impact energy and the displacement of the attachment point from point N to point точку ′ (Fig. 186).

In this case, most of the impact energy F of the _{blow is} suppressed by the damper 6 F _dem due to mechanical expansion of the tube 602 due to the cone 601 entering into it by a value of Δl _dem , which is usually about 15 mm, and the smallest part of the impact energy F of the _blow does not exceed the maximum allowable Values: F _punch -F _dem <16 g, acts on the chair and body of a seated person.

The essence of the proposed technical solutions is as follows.

1. In order to increase the resistance to a peak overload of 16 g for seats and, accordingly, to reduce the maximum peak load attributable to the pilot and / or flight crew members and the likelihood of damage to the spine from a longitudinal-side impact, the proposed design of seats No. 1, 2 is performed rotating around the axis of rotation AB. This axis of rotation AB forms the first point of attachment of the chair to the carriage - a fixed point M. In this case, the movable point N of attachment of the chair to the carriage located at a distance R ₀ from it is formed through the use of shock absorbers, energy absorbers made in the form of two dampers (Fig. 18a) .

Each damper, which is a one-time module, elongating in length, absorbing the impact energy F _beat ) due to its consumption for plastic deformation of the tube F _dem by expanding from pressing a cone into it. The thickness of the tube can be either linearly or nonlinearly changing, forming the necessary energy suppression function upon impact, selected for different initial data in the form of design features of aircraft, biomedical indicators of the pilot and members of the flight crew, etc.

Impact action causes the chair to rotate within a small angle Δγ between the axes MP (before impact) and MP ′ (after impact) by lengthening the damper Δl _dem and shifting the attachment point from point N to point N ′ (Fig. 18b) and its damping. At the same time, the human body is pressed by the attachment system to the chair does not experience maximum peak load, which prevents possible damage to the spine.

2. In order to ensure both maximum mobility and reliable fixation, protected from lateral and vertical displacements, it is proposed to use rails and displacement supports conjugated with each other when moving the seats (Fig. 4a-c). The rail section is similar to a section of an I-beam, with an upper shelf having opposite rectangular and angular (at an angle β) lateral ends with vertical and inclined faces. In this case, the displacement supports rotating around the vertical axis имеют have a square (when viewed from above) and close to a U-shaped section (when viewed from the side), which due to the use of rollers built into the interior, are mechanically coupled to four planes of the upper rail shelf. This design of the support supports allows you to provide high load capacity during impacts and guaranteed mobility, mobility and the ability to turn with a minimum radius (for corner rails).

3. To improve maintainability, the proposed chair designs are collapsible, which allows for the replacement of dampers within 5-7 hours after each impact, making them reusable and replacing the desired unit, if necessary, with minimal time and labor costs and low hardware requirements.

4. To expand the functionality in the proposed seats, it is mainly proposed to: introduce dampers to absorb peak overload (seats No. 1, 2), introduce a lift indicator (chair No. 1), introduce height-adjustable head restraints (chairs No. 1, 2), implement the possibility of adjustable deflection of the back (chair number 1, 2).

In February 2014, official qualification dynamic tests of the proposed seats for the impact of a longitudinal-side impact were carried out in order to confirm compliance with the requirements of international rules and AP-25 rules.

These tests showed that the proposed seat designs in emergency situations, when dampers are activated, withstand a peak overload of 16 g. The probability of damage to the spine, primarily in its cervical regions and in the pelvic area of the pilot (or a member of the flight crew), as well as lethal outcomes, is reduced, the human fixation system is able to withstand dynamic loads and remains attached at all points of attachment. For the proposed chair designs, the maximum total load in the upper torso, including in the cervical spine was 476 kg against the maximum allowable 907 kg. In the lower body in the pelvis and lumbar spine, the similar measured values were 320 kg and 680 kg.

Inspection of the seats after the tests showed the following: rails (straight and angular) in the places of fastening of the chair without deformation; front and rear support displacements were in the initial state; all the main power components of the chair (brackets, backrest, cup, spring locks) without deformation, lifting device, swivel device, armrest covers remained intact and were in working condition.

In addition, the feature of collapsible structures allows you to make them maintainable and even in some cases reusable with quick and low-cost repairs in specialized service centers. For example, after an emergency and using a resource of built-in disposable dampers (and, if necessary, several parts), the maximum time for their replacement and re-bringing the chairs in working condition (repair time) for their collapsible structures is no more than 7-8 hours , i.e. no more than one work shift. In some cases, it is permissible to have a minimum spare part for the repair of seats. In this case, special technological equipment will not be required, and the qualification of the worker will not exceed the level of the collector.

It can also be seen from the description that almost all the details making up both types of chairs can be made on widespread milling, turning lathes or machining centers or similar equipment and does not require the use of a rare special one, including welding equipment. Also in the chairs do not use special materials.

The mass of the offered seats in the basic configuration does not exceed 33-35 kg and they are completely movable and / or portable by one person. The design of the supports for moving chairs allows them to provide high mobility with a large angle of rotation of the corner rails.

The proposed seats were certified in spring 2014 according to the aviation rules of the AP-25 and by now both an experimental batch of seats had already been delivered and their serial production for various modifications of the Tu-204/214, IL-76 aircraft was established. Approved all the technical documentation for the manufacture of chairs and the range of materials used. This confirms the practical feasibility of the proposed technical solutions.

As can be seen from the whole description, the proposed chairs can increase the peak load level during longitudinal-side impact in an emergency to a value of 16 g, determined by modern international safety requirements, have significantly wider functionality, have a simpler design with less weight and higher maintainability , reduced requirements for production equipment for the production of such chairs and, accordingly, successfully solves the set technical s tasks.

Claims (23)

1. Flight crew seat with a cup for a parachute, containing rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a seat support, a cup, a back, a lifting device, a device for fixing a recoil, armrests, a tie system, and the rails are made on the basis of profiled strips with upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them, fastened by lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, forming a rail track for moving the seat, while holes are formed in the rails for fixing the rollback, and ogres are installed at the beginning and end of the rails igiteli to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail track, moreover, the support supports contain shafts that attach them to the carriage, and are also mechanically connected to the rails with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track, and at the same time, a chair support is mounted on top of the carriage, in which through gutters are created acting as vertical guides for moving the cup used to lay the parachute, which has a saddle profile from below and contains four rollers with the possibility of vertical movements along these gutters, the back consists of a frame and covered with a cover, while a filler is introduced between the cover and the front side of the back frame, and the lifting device includes a rotary lifting handle mounted in front of the cup, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical input, a mechanical flexible cable and four lifting springs attached to the cup and creating an effort to lift it, moreover, this cable mechanically connects the lifting handle with the mechanical input of the lock to fix the lift, and the roll-back fixing device turns on a retractable pullback handle attached to the cup on the right side, two flexible cables and two pullback latches with movable pins mounted on the back of the chair and locking the chair during movement by pairing the movable pins with holes in the rails, while these flexible cables mechanically link the handle rollback with movable clamp pins, and the armrests contain along the bracket and the flywheel, and with the help of the brackets the rear armrests are attached to the corresponding sides of the back with the possibility of rotation to a vertical floor In addition, the flywheel adjusts the angle of the armrests, while the attachment system includes, among other things, shoulder and waist belts, a buckle and an inertial reel with the possibility of inertial fixation of the shoulder belts, characterized in that a bracket, a back deflection device, two dampers, a lift indicator are inserted into the chair a head restraint, longitudinal rails, and the bracket, which has the shape of a closed ring, is attached to the cup on the left side, while the profiled strips of rails are made in the form of an I-beam, the upper shelf of which is used is used for the direction of movement of the movement supports, and its faces form four planes for interfacing with the movement supports - the upper and lower, which are two horizontal, and two side - in the form of vertical and inclined, and the carriage consists of two sidewalls, as well as the front and rear jumpers, in this case, the two sidewalls forming the right and left sides of the carriage are connected in front and behind by transverse front and rear bridges, forming a figure similar to a rectangle, with the casing can be mechanically connected to the four planes of the upper rail shelf, and the shafts are rotatably inserted into the front and rear of each side of the carriage, the displacement bearings being connected to the rails, and the four planes formed by the upper rails of the rails are mechanically mated with the housings of the support legs, and the holes for fixing the recoil with a vertical arrangement are created in the longitudinal rails attached to the rails, and two retainer clamps are fixed in the rear jumper to the arms vertically with the possibility of engaging with their movable pins of these holes of the longitudinal rails, while the lock for fixing the lift has a bottom and two side mounts, and the seat support consists of two side support walls, a front, bottom, back and top ties, a fork, while these supporting walls are similar in shape to two rectangular triangles with unequal legs, and when assembled, longitudinally and vertically located supporting walls connected to the front, bottom, rear and top, respectively, are transverse front, bottom, back and top ties, a figure is formed that is close to a triangular prism, and the smaller leg of each supporting wall, located horizontally, belongs to the lower side of the chair support, large, located almost vertically - to the back, the third side is curved, it bends around the bottom of the cup and is the front inclined side, while the supporting walls are fixed from above by the upper screed, and through the inside of each supporting wall, through channels are formed that are vertically opposite each other and which are guided for vertical movement of the cup rollers, and from the inside, a fork is attached to the lower coupler, connected to the lower lock fastener for fixing the lift, while in the groove of the support wall, which, after assembly, is the right side of the chair support, a vertical longitudinal through slot for the lift indicator is created which is realized by a movable arrow mechanically connected to the cup using an indicator bracket located outside this supporting wall and a ruler attached along this groove with outside this supporting wall, while the chair support is attached to the carriage in front due to axial fastenings through the created horizontal holes in the front of the side support walls and sidewalls of the carriage, as well as behind due to two dampers connecting the back bridge of the carriage with the rear coupler of the chair support, forming for the support of the chair a movable rotating connection around an axis formed by axial mountings, the cup consisting of a bowl for storing a parachute and a fastening part for mechanical connections of the cup with the seat support and with the possibility of vertical movement of the first and the cup with the back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, the back deflection device includes a rotating back deflection handle mounted on the cup on the left side, two flexible mechanical cables, two spring locks, each of which includes a control input and two end brackets, and flexible mechanical cables provide flexible mechanical communication between the back deflection handle and the spring lock control inputs, with tubular directions introduced from the top of the back lining with spring clips, while for connecting to the mounting part of the cup, two transverse holes are created on the same axis at the bottom of the back, and two ears are formed on the back of the back, with the headrest including a frame, a cover, a filler, and two rod guides with a set superficial grooves deposited on them, while the rod guides are connected to the frame, forming a fork-like appearance, and the place of this connection is covered sequentially with a filler and a cover, with the headrest mounted on top Pink introducing its rod guide inside the tubular guide in discrete latching positions corresponding to the position of the surface of the grooves by means of spring fasteners, wherein at the ends of rod guides mounted abutments precluding output rod guide of the tubular guide. 2. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that two straight rails are used, creating a direct rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, each rail consists of a front, intermediate and rear parts, respectively, with lengths l ₁ , l ₂ and l ₃ , for connecting the front and rear parts with the front and rear pairs of movement supports, the length l ₂ being at least 50 mm, while the upper shelf is removed within the intermediate part of both rails and the height of the bridge is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thickness of the shelves, at m, the angle of inclination β of the inclined side face, forming an inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf, is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the position of the inclined side faces on the sides of the upper shelves for both rails coincides, and the width of the upper shelf along its upper surface is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, with longitudinal rails of length l ₄ not more than the length of the rear parts of the rails and attached to them longitudinally from the inside of the rail track, and the pitch between the holes l ₅ is 12.7 mm, while the rear ends fl x slats are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear portion of the rails. 3. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that to create an angular rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, four corner rails are applied in the form of two pairs of front and rear rails, respectively, for the front and rear supports displacement, while each of the corner rails consists of longitudinal and angular shoulders, respectively, with lengths l ₆ and l ₇ , with an angle of rotation between them α in the range from 90 ° to 270 °, and the gap l ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is not less than 50 mm, with longitudinal rails of length l ₄ not dl outside the longitudinal shoulders, with holes with a pitch of l ₅ between which is 12.7 mm, are attached on the inner side of the rail track along the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails, and the rear ends of these rails are no more than 150 mm from the end of the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails, the inclination angle β of the inclined side face forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the inclined side face is located on the outside of the corner rail, and the width is upper shelves along the upper horizontal edge is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, and the height of the lintel is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thickness of the shelves. 4. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft is implemented on the basis of the inserted support bolt in the displacement bearings, and the body consists of a body of a body, a pin, a thrust roller with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers, a straight plate, a plate with a radius , a cylindrical roller, a sleeve, six bolts, while the body of the casing is close in shape to a cube with a square base and has a large lower and small upper parts with a common internal cavity, with a small upper parallelepiped shaped the lower one, while the square base of the body of the body has side sizes ranging from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm, with a central vertical hole being formed through the upper part, and one through horizontal hole formed in the lower part, with the support bolt passing through the first, stepping out with a threaded rod, fixing with its head inside a small upper part, moreover, in the lower part along opposite sides two supports are formed with grooves with two rows of three equally spaced vertical holes for the bolts, while in the first support two grooves are formed at the location of the two extreme holes from the first row, into which two cylindrical guide rollers are inserted, fixed by a straight plate and pierced through by two extreme bolts, and two guide rollers form a vertical interface plane for the lateral rectangular face of the upper rail shelf, and in the second support a central groove is formed, in which a thrust roller is inserted in the form of a truncated cone with the base down and the horizontal section to the side ntal opening, with an angle of inclination from its base β from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, forming an inclined plane of conjugation with the inclined side face of the upper rail shelf, fixed from below by a plate with a radius and a central bolt of the second support, while two cylindrical guide rollers are arranged in a checkerboard pattern relative to the thrust roller, and the cylindrical roller is sequentially mounted with an interference fit on the sleeve, inserted into the internal cavity of the body of the housing and threaded with a pin with a gap with the possibility of rotation around it, the pin is inserted into the through horizontal hole in the lower part and is limited in displacements by two central bolts from opposite rows of bolts, while the outer surface of the cylindrical roller tangentially forms the horizontal interface plane with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal interface plane, the first bearing together with the inserted guide rollers, it is preloaded by a straight plate and the first row of three bolts, and the second support with the stop roller inserted into the groove under pressed by a plate with a radius and a second row of the other three bolts, while the surfaces of a straight plate and a plate with a radius directed inside the cavity of the body of the body form a second horizontal mating plane. 5. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the rails and the longitudinal rail are made of duralumin alloys, and the holes in the longitudinal rail have a diameter of from 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the latch consists of case with external thread, a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm. 6. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that each damper consists of a reamer with a shape of a truncated cone with small and large diameters with a through central hole, a tube, a mounting kit consisting of a bolt and nut with washer, and a U-shaped a bracket with an upper platform with a central hole and two side ears for fastening, forming an internal cavity, with one ear of the U-shaped bracket dampers attached to the sides of the carriage, and the other to the rear bridge of the carriage, and the bolt from the mounting kit passes through a sequentially extender, starting with its large diameter, the tube, the hole of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket from the inside of its internal cavity is connected to the rear coupler of the chair support by fixing the nut and washer from the mounting kit to the chair support, while for the damper expanders in the carriage has through holes with a diameter of at least its large diameter, and the end face of the expander with a small diameter partially enters the tube to a depth of at least 5 mm, while on the outer surface of the tube with the torons of the end face not connected to the expander, a cylindrical flange is formed, and a corresponding recess is created in the internal cavity of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket, which ensures that this flange is combined with the recess in the assembled state and the tube is aligned with the expander, and dampers are installed at a distance of R ₀ in a range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm from the center of the axial mountings of the chair support to the carriage. 7. The chair according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that it uses a tube with a constant or variable wall thickness. 8. The chair according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that a bolt with a cone-shaped connecting surface of its head and an expander with a corresponding cone-shaped recess in the surface of the base are used for connecting them by introducing the first into the second. 9. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the cup consists of a bowl for storing a parachute and a rear fastener used to create movable joints of the cup with the support of the chair with the possibility of vertical movement of the first, as well as the cup with the back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, moreover the cup is formed using two sidewalls connected by four transversely arranged pipes, one front and bottom and two pipes at the back, while the base is superimposed and attached to the pipes, adjacent to the sidewalls and forming a cup and the length of the sidewalls, exceeding the length of the bowl and protruding beyond its limits with its back parts, forms behind the bowl the fastening part used to connect to the back, with the seat support, the lifting device and the lift indicator, and two brackets for rollers are additionally introduced into the mounting part of the cup , two hinge brackets, two adapters, a coupler, a small pipe, two axles of a spring lock, while to the rear parts of the sidewalls from their inner sides and to the two rear pipes they are attached to the hinge bracket, forming a gap with the sidewalls, which is used It is used to introduce the lower part of the back side brackets, while also attaching to the two rear pipes and the hinge brackets, two brackets for the rollers are fixed longitudinally in the inner space of the latter and also with the formation of a gap, which are fastened transversely by a coupler and a small pipe, while on the coupler opposite each other has two adapters with horizontal through holes used to connect with the side locks of the lock for fixing the lift, and on the outside of the two brackets For the rollers, rollers are installed along the vertical line, two on each side, with four lifting springs attached on one side to the cup coupler and on the other to the upper coupler of the chair support, and create a cup lifting force, while the lifting force is in the range from 50 kgf to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf, wherein the backrest frame includes two side brackets, a front bracket, a rear bracket, a bracket, a backrest support, a backrest screed and a corner, the side brackets forming the side sides of the frame to which the front the backrest support is replicated, and a front bracket is attached to the side brackets on top and front, with which the rear bracket is connected, while the front and rear brackets fix tubular guides, the length of which does not exceed 50-100 mm, located along the back and used to attach the head restraint, spring clips are installed near the lower ends of the tube guides, and back brackets and a corner connect the back brackets on the back side, on top of which a casing is installed, forming the back surface with its outer surface the side of the frame, while the first movable rotating connection of the cup with the back is carried out by introducing the lower parts of the back side brackets into the gaps between the hinge brackets and the cup sides and is fixed there by axial fasteners piercing the cup sides in series, transverse holes in the side brackets and hinge brackets moreover, spring locks are used for the second mechanical connection of the cup to the back, while with their first end mounts they are attached to the axis of the spring mark the mounting part of the cup, and the second to the ears of the backrest frame, and in the initial position the back of the chair is deviated from the vertical by an angle in the range of 11.8 ° to 12.2 °, preferably 12 °, and can deviate under the action of a pressure force of not more than 8 kgf from the starting position to an angle in the range of 18 ° to 22 °, preferably 20 °, with fixing it in any intermediate positions, and the lock for fixing the lift consists of a body and a movable bracket, which in turn includes a rod with a rear wedge, performing the role of the mechanical input of the lock for fixing a sleeve, a spring, a locking roller, two side and one lower fasteners, the housing being a rod with rounded recesses formed on the outside, and the movable bracket mounted on the housing with the ability to move along it, and in the movable the bracket on the side of the rounded recesses is a movable rod supported by a spring, and the rear wedge of the rod presses the locking roller to the rounded recesses of the body and this fixes the movable bracket to the body, with the lower fastening of the body connected to a fork attached to the lower coupler of the chair support, and the side mounts of the movable the bracket is connected to two adapters mounted on the screed cup, and it can have from 16 to 18, preferably 17 recesses. 10. The chair according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the spring lock is implemented on the basis of a spring lock. 11. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the pad, frame, insert, rail, adjusting screw, hook, screws, clip, rivets and emphasis are additionally introduced into each armrest, while an internal cavity is created by the armrest frame, and at the same time the force the rotation of the armrests is in the range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf, and on top of the frame with a hook and one of the screws, a cover is fixed, and a clip is formed in front of the inner cavity of the frame, which is fixed to rotate the flywheel with a rail, located along the frame, while the rail has rivets to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected to transmit rotation with an adjusting screw installed in the liner and placed in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame, and the end of the adjusting screw abuts against the stop fixed on the bracket, and the adjusting screw has a predetermined range of the number of revolutions of rotation, determined by the range of travel of its rear end, adjusting the inclination of the armrest in the range from minus 20 ° to 8 ° from the horizon line, while for the armrests are in the range from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and their width is from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm. 12. Flight crew seat with a cup for a parachute containing rails, four movement supports, a carriage, a rotary device, a cup, a back, a lifting device, a retraction fixing device, a rotation fixing device, armrests, a tethered system, the rails being made on the basis of profiled strips with the upper and lower horizontal shelves and a jumper between them, forming a rail track for moving the seat and fastened by the lower shelves to the floor of the flight cabin, while holes in the rails for fixing the position seats, and at the beginning and end of the rails, limiters are installed to prevent the chair from rolling out beyond the rail track, with four lower support legs attached to the carriage with the possibility of movement along the formed rail track, while a rotary device based on a rotating connection like a ball bearing is attached to the carriage from the top , in which holes are formed for fixing rotation, non-through gutters are also created in the rotary device, which serve as vertical guides for moving section of the cup used to lay the parachute, which has a saddle profile below and contains four rollers with the possibility of vertical movements along these troughs, the back consists of a frame and covered with a cover, a filler introduced between the cover and the front side of the back frame, and the lifting device includes a swivel a lift handle mounted in front of the cup, a lock for fixing the lift with a mechanical input, a mechanical flexible cable and four lift springs attached to the cup and create an effort to lift it while this cable mechanically connects the lifting handle with the mechanical input of the lock to lock the lift, the rollback locking device includes a turning rollback handle attached to the cup on the right side, two flexible cables and two pullback locks with movable pins mounted on the back of the chair and locking the chair during movements due to the pairing of the movable pins with holes in the rails, while these flexible cables mechanically connect the rollback handle with the movable pins of the clamps, while the fixation device The rotation handle consists of a rotating rotation handle mounted on the front of the cup, a flexible mechanical cable and a rotation lock with a movable pin, the rotation handle being mechanically connected by a flexible cable to this movable pin locking the chair during turns due to the mechanical coupling of the moving pin with the holes formed in the rotary device, and the armrests contain an arm and a flywheel, and with the help of brackets, the armrests on the rear are attached to the corresponding sides of the back with the possibility of rotation to a vertical position, flush with the back, with the handwheels adjusting the inclination of the armrests, while the attachment system includes, among other things, shoulder and waist belts, a buckle and an inertial reel with the possibility of inertial fixation of the shoulder belts, characterized in that a bracket is inserted into the chair, the device deflects the back, two dampers, a lift indicator, a head restraint, longitudinal rails, and the bracket, which has the form of a closed ring, is attached to the cup on the left side, while the profiled rails are made in e I-beams, the upper shelf of which is used to direct the movement of the movement supports, and its faces form four planes for pairing with the movement supports - the upper and lower, which are two horizontal, and two side - in the form of vertical and inclined, and the carriage consists of two side walls, and also the front and rear jumpers, with the two sidewalls forming the right and left sides of the carriage connected to the front and rear by transverse front and rear jumpers, forming a figure similar to a rectangle, at m displacement bearings are a casing with a shaft with the possibility of mechanical connection of the casing with four planes of the upper rails flange, and the shafts are rotatably inserted into the front and rear of each side of the carriage, the displacement supports being connected to the rails, with four planes formed by the upper shelves rails are mechanically coupled to the housings of the movement supports, and the holes for fixing the recoil with a vertical arrangement are created in the longitudinal rails attached to the rails, and two are fixed and the rollbacks are mounted vertically in the rear bridge of the carriage with the possibility of engaging these holes of the longitudinal rails with their movable pins, while the lock has two lower and two side mounts for fixing the lift, and the rotary device consists of a separator, a set of balls, a ring, a main plate, a rotary plate , two supporting rotary walls, the upper coupler and forks, and the main and rotary plates have a hole in the center and are connected flat to each other, forming with the help of the connected separator, a set of balls and rings in a rotating connection, similar to a ball bearing, while these support rotary walls are similar in shape to two rectangular triangles with unequal legs, and when assembled longitudinally and vertically located supporting rotary walls connected by a rotary plate and an upper coupler, a figure close to a triangular prism is formed, at the same time, with a smaller leg, the support rotary walls are connected to the right and left ends of the rotary plate and form its lower side, their large legs, located almost vertically, form the back side of the rotary device, the third side is curved, it bends around the bottom of the outer saddle profile of the cup and is the front inclined side, and the supporting rotary walls are fixed with the upper coupler on top, and from the inside, in each supporting rotary wall, through channels are formed that are vertically opposite to each other and are guides for vertical movement of the cup rollers, while the rotation lock is attached to the turntable, and holes for engagement are formed in the main plate with its movable pin, and a plug is attached to the back of the rotary plate, which is connected to the lower fastener of the lock for fixing the lift, while the rotary device is attached to the carriage in front due to axial fastenings through created horizontal holes in the front of the main plate and the sides of the carriage, as well as behind due to two dampers connecting the rear jumper of the carriage with the main plate, forming for the rotary device a movable rotating connection around the axis formed by these axial fasteners, why the cup consists of a cup for storing a parachute and a fastener for mechanical connections of the cup with a chair support with the possibility of vertical movement of the first and the cup with the back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, while the back deflection device includes a swiveling back deflection handle fixed to the cup on the left side, two flexible mechanical cables, two spring locks, each of which includes a control input and two end mounts, and flexible mechanical cables provide flexible mechanical connection between I wait for the handle to deflect the back and the control inputs of the spring locks, and tubular guides with spring clips are introduced on the top of the back, and two transverse holes are created on the lower part of the back for connection to the cup mounting part located on the same axis, and two ears are formed on the back of the back moreover, the head restraint includes a frame, a cover, a filler, two rod guides with a set of superficial grooves applied to them, while the rod guides are connected to the frame, forming a fork id, and the place of this connection is successively covered with a filler and a cover, the head restraint mounted on top of the back by introducing its rod guides into the tubular guides with locking in discrete positions corresponding to the position of the surface grooves using spring clips, and stops are installed at the ends of the rod guides to prevent the rod guides from tubular guides. 13. The chair according to item 12, characterized in that two straight rails are used, creating a direct rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, each rail consists of a front, intermediate and rear parts, respectively, with lengths l ₁ , l ₂ and l ₃ , for connecting the front and rear parts with the front and rear pairs of movement supports, the length l ₂ being at least 50 mm, while the upper shelf is removed within the intermediate part of both rails and the height of the bridge is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thickness of the shelves, at the inclination angle β of the inclined side face forming the inclined side plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the position of the inclined side faces on the sides of the upper shelves for both rails coincides, and the width of the upper shelf along its upper surface is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, with longitudinal rails of length l ₄ not more than the length of the rear parts of the rails and attached to them longitudinally from the inside of the rail track, and the pitch between the holes l ₅ is 12.7 mm, while the rear ends uh their slats are at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the end of the rear portion of the rails. 14. The chair according to item 12, characterized in that to create an angular rail track with a width of 340 mm to 370 mm, preferably 355.6 mm, four corner rails are used in the form of two pairs of front and rear rails, respectively, for the front and rear supports displacement, while each of the corner rails consists of longitudinal and angular shoulders, respectively, with lengths l ₆ and l ₇ , with an angle of rotation between them α in the range from 90 ° to 270 °, and the gap l ₈ between the front and rear corner rails is not less than 50 mm, with longitudinal rails of length l ₄ not d more linear than the longitudinal shoulders, with holes with a pitch of l ₅ between which is 12.7 mm, are attached on the inner side of the rail track along the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails, and the rear ends of these rails are no more than 150 mm from the end of the longitudinal shoulders of the rear corner rails, the inclination angle β of the inclined lateral edge forming the inclined lateral plane to the upper plane of the upper shelf, is from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, while the inclined lateral edge is located on the outside of the angular rail, and the width is top her shelf on the upper horizontal edge is from 20 to 22 mm, preferably 21 mm, and the height of the lintel is from 10 to 15 mm, preferably 13 mm, excluding the thickness of the shelves. 15. The chair according to claim 12, characterized in that the shaft is implemented on the basis of the inserted support bolt in the displacement bearings, and the body consists of a body of a body, a pin, a thrust roller with an external conical surface, two cylindrical guide rollers, a straight plate, a plate with a radius , a cylindrical roller, a sleeve, six bolts, while the body of the casing is close in shape to a cube with a square base and has a large lower and small upper parts with a common internal cavity, with a small upper parallelepiped shaped lower, while the square base of the body of the body has side sizes in the range from 46 mm to 52 mm, preferably 49 mm, with a central vertical hole formed through the upper part and one through horizontal formed in the lower part, with the support bolt passed through the first, stepping out with a threaded rod, fixing with its head inside a small upper part, moreover, two supports with grooves with two rows of three equally spaced vertical holes for bolts, while in the first support two grooves are formed at the location of two extreme holes from the first row, into which two cylindrical guide rollers are inserted, fixed with a straight plate and pierced through with two extreme bolts, and two guide rollers form a vertical mating plane for the rectangular side face of the upper rail shelf, and in the second support a central groove is formed, into which a thrust roller is inserted in the form of a truncated cone with the base down and the horizontal section to the side of an open hole, with an angle of inclination from its base β from 35 ° to 45 °, preferably 40 °, forming an inclined plane of conjugation with an inclined side face of the upper rail shelf, fixed from below by a plate with a radius and a central bolt of the second support, while two cylindrical guide rollers are arranged in a checkerboard pattern relative to the thrust roller, and the cylindrical roller is sequentially inserted with an interference fit on the sleeve, inserted into the internal cavity of the body of the housing and threaded with a pin with a gap with the possibility of rotation around it, whereby the pin is inserted into the through horizontal hole in the lower part and is limited in displacements by two central bolts from opposite rows of bolts, while the outer surface of the cylindrical roller tangentially forms the horizontal interface plane with the upper surface of the upper rail shelf, which is the first horizontal interface plane, and the first support together with the introduced guide rollers is preloaded by a straight plate and the first row of three bolts, and the second support with the stop roller inserted into the groove is preloaded a plate with a radius and a second row of the other three bolts, while the surface of a straight plate and a plate with a radius directed into the body of the body form a second horizontal interface plane. 16. The chair according to item 12, characterized in that the rails and the longitudinal rail are made of duralumin alloys, and the holes in the longitudinal rail have a diameter of from 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the roll back lock consists from a body with an external thread, a movable cylindrical pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm, connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm. 17. The chair according to item 12, wherein the holes in the main plate have a diameter of from 6.3 mm to 6.5 mm, preferably 6.4 mm, while the rotation lock consists of a body with an external thread, a cylindrical movable a pin with a diameter of not more than 6 mm connected to a flexible mechanical cable, springs and adjusting elements, and the movable pin is made of steel alloys, is spring-loaded and has a maximum range of movement of at least 10 mm. 18. The chair according to item 12, wherein each damper consists of an expander with a shape of a truncated cone with small and large diameters with a through central hole, a tube, a mounting kit consisting of a bolt and a nut with a washer, and a U-shaped the bracket with the upper platform with a central hole and two side ears for mounting, forming an internal cavity, with one ear of the U-shaped bracket dampers attached to the side of the carriage and the other to the rear bridge of the carriage, while the bolt from the mounting kit passes through a sequentially extending extender, starting with its large diameter, the tube, the hole of the upper platform of the U-shaped bracket from the inside of its internal cavity is connected to the main plate of the rotary device by fixing it with a nut and washer from the mounting kit, through holes with a diameter not less than its large diameter, and the end face of the expander with a small diameter partially enters the tube to a depth of not less than 5 mm, while on the outer surface of the tube with Rhone end not connected to the expander is formed by a cylindrical flange and the inner cavity of the upper area a U-shaped bracket formed corresponding recess, providing in the assembled state the combination of the flange with the recess and the centering of the compounds of the tube to the expander, wherein dampers are installed at a distance R ₀ in the range from 300 mm to 325 mm, preferably 311 mm from the center of the axial mounts of the rotary device with the carriage. 19. The chair according to item 12 or 18, characterized in that it uses a tube with a constant or variable wall thickness. 20. The chair according to claim 12 or 18, characterized in that a bolt with a cone-shaped connecting surface of its head and an expander with a corresponding cone-shaped recess in the surface of the base are used for connecting them by inserting the first into the second. 21. The chair according to item 12, wherein the cup consists of a bowl for storing a parachute and a rear mounting part used to create movable joints of the cup with a rotary device with the possibility of vertical movement of the first, as well as a cup with a back with the possibility of rotation of the latter, and the cup is formed using two sidewalls connected by four transversely arranged pipes, one front and bottom and two pipes at the back, while the base is superimposed and attached to the pipes, adjacent to the sidewalls and opening the bowl, and the length of the sidewalls, exceeding the length of the bowl and protruding beyond its limits with its back parts, forms the fastening part at the back of the bowl, used to connect to the back, rotary device, lifting device, and two brackets for rollers are added to the mounting part of the cup, two hinge brackets, two adapters, a coupler, a small pipe, two axles of a spring lock, while to the rear parts of the sidewalls from their inner sides and to the two rear pipes they are attached to the hinge bracket, forming a gap with the sidewalls, which uses is used to introduce the lower part of the back side brackets, while also attaching to the two rear pipes and the hinge brackets, two brackets for the rollers are fixed longitudinally in the interior of the latter and also with the formation of a gap, which are fastened transversely by a coupler and a small pipe, while on the coupler opposite each other has two adapters with horizontal through holes used to connect to the side locks of the lock for fixing the lift, and on the outside of the two brackets in for the rollers along the vertical line there are rollers, two on each side, and four lifting springs are attached on one side to the cup coupler and on the other to the upper coupler of the rotary device, and create a cup lifting force that ranges from 50 kgf up to 60 kgf, preferably 56 kgf, wherein the backrest frame includes two side brackets, a front bracket, a rear bracket, a bracket, a backrest, a backrest coupler and a corner, the side brackets forming the side sides of the frame to which is attached to the front the backrest, and the front bracket is attached to the side brackets from the top and front, with which the rear bracket is connected, while the front and rear brackets fix tubular guides, the length of which does not exceed 50-100 mm, located along the back and used to attach the head restraint, spring clips are installed with the lower ends of the tubular guides, and back brackets and a corner connect the back brackets on the back side, on top of which the casing is installed, forming the back sides with its outer surface at the frame, with the first movable rotating connection of the cup with the back by introducing the lower parts of the side brackets of the back into the gaps between the hinge brackets and the side of the cup and fixing there due to axial fasteners piercing the side of the cup sequentially, transverse holes in the lower part of the side brackets of the back and brackets hinges, while the spring locks of the back deflection device are used for the second movable rotating connection of the cup to the back, with its first end to They are attached to the axes of the spring locks of the fastening part of the cup, and the second to the ears of the backrest frame, and in the initial position the back of the chair is deviated from the vertical by an angle in the range of 11.8 ° to 12.2 °, preferably 12 °, and can deviate under the action of a pressure force of not more than 8 kgf from the starting position at an angle in the range of 18 ° to 22 °, preferably 20 °, with its fixation in any intermediate positions, while the lock for fixing the lift consists of a housing and a movable bracket, which in turn includes a rod with a rear wedge, performing the role of the mechanical input of the lock for fixing the lift, a spring, a locking roller, two lateral and one lower fasteners, the housing being a rod with rounded recesses formed on the external side, and the movable bracket mounted on the housing with the ability to move along it, and in the movable bracket from the side of the rounded recesses there is a movable rod supported by a spring, and the rear wedge of the rod presses the locking roller against the rounded recesses of the body and thereby fixes the movable bracket to the body, with the lower by replication, the housing is connected to a fork attached to the rotary plate of the rotary device, and the lateral mountings of the movable bracket are connected to two adapters mounted on the screed of the cup, and it can have from 11 to 13, preferably 12 recesses. 22. The chair according to item 12 or 21, characterized in that the spring lock is implemented on the basis of a spring lock. 23. The chair according to claim 12, characterized in that an overlay, a frame, an insert, a rack, an adjusting screw, a hook, screws, a clip, rivets and an emphasis are additionally introduced into each armrest, while an internal cavity is created by the armrest frame, and at the same time an effort the rotation of the armrests is in the range from 2 kgf to 4 kgf, preferably 3 kgf, and on top of the frame with a hook and one of the screws, a cover is fixed, and a clip is formed in front of the inner cavity of the frame, which is fixed to rotate the flywheel with a rail, located along the frame, while the rail has rivets to limit longitudinal displacements and is mechanically connected to transmit rotation with an adjusting screw installed in the liner and placed in the rear of the inner cavity of the frame, and the end of the adjusting screw abuts against the stop fixed on the bracket, and the adjusting screw has a predetermined range of the number of revolutions of rotation, determined by the range of travel of its rear end, adjusting the inclination of the armrest in the range from minus 20 ° to 8 ° from the horizon line, while ina armrests in a range from 400 mm to 450 mm, preferably 425 mm, and their width - from 45 mm to 75 mm, preferably 60 mm.

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