RU2611079C2 - Solid-fuel boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fuel.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to solid fuel combustion devices, preferably with lower combustion zone, and can be used in heat engineering, chemical and other industries. In fact, solid-fuel boiler includes furnace, attached to it heat exchanger chamber with exhaust pipe and grate located in furnace lower part with slots made in it for ash removal into ash box arranged under grate. At that, grate consists of stationary metal plate inclined towards gases exit from furnace, in middle part of which over it movable plate is located, and above moving plate fixed coating plate is attached to furnace walls. Above grate at distance of 2–4 cm from plate with grate protective angles are made, serving to prevent air passage shutting off in grate slot.

EFFECT: technical result is enabling of boiler operation power control in wide power range from 5 % to 100 % while maintaining optimum conditions of fuel combustion and high efficiency.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for burning solid fuel, mainly with a lower combustion zone, and can be used in the power industry, chemical and other industries.

There are well-known furnaces and boilers with lower combustion in the form of a large firebox, such as a fuel storage hopper, in which combustion at the very bottom takes place on a horizontal grate, while air enters through the grate and ash is removed through the grate. However, such furnaces work well only on lump fuel.

When using fine-grained fuel - pellets, wood shavings, sawdust, loose peat and so on, small fuel, not burned, wakes up through the grate and is irretrievably lost, reducing the efficiency and efficiency of the furnace or boiler, because when lowering fine-grained fuel to the burned place, the air is completely closed through the grates and burning occurs only near the very exit of the furnace, which can cause the cessation of burning.

If the amount of air supplied is reduced to reduce the power of the furnace or boiler, the combustion temperature above the grate will decrease, worsening the conditions for pyrolysis and gas generation, and when the temperature drops to 400-450 degrees Celsius, the reaction stops, and the power does not decrease anymore until the burning quality decreases noticeably than 50-60%.

Since in severe frosts or during the initial heating of the room, the capacity of the furnace or boiler should be 5-8 more than with supporting combustion or for heating in the thaw (and in summer only for hot water supply - up to 10-15 times less), then talk about a big shortage of furnaces or boilers with lower combustion due to the insufficient degree of regulation of their power, which leads to a significant excessive consumption of fuel.

So, for example, a furnace for burning low-grade coal is known (RF Patent No. 2306487, 2004), comprising a casing made with a narrowing in the upper part, equipped with a lid, doors for loading fuel and unloading ash and air intake windows into the furnace, installed in the furnace of the furnace, the grate, forming the blast channel for burning fuel, and the grate, forming the blast channel, installed inside the burned fuel, while the furnace body has a rectangular shape in cross section, grate grates are made around the perimeter of the furnace, providing air supply for burning fuel, and shelves with openings are installed to which four air intake panels are installed using cotter pins that create blast channels for the indicated grate grates, and two fire grates are installed in the furnace of the furnace, forming blast channels for burning fuel, and the blast channel installed inside the combustible fuel, located in the center of the blast channel for burning fuel The disadvantage of this design is the lack of a system for regulating the flow of primary air , Supply of secondary air into the afterburner chamber above the narrowing at the top, is not provided. Analysis of various types of furnace devices showed that they all have drawbacks. Designs of layered furnaces with fixed grate grids have a significant mechanical underburning due to uneven air supply over the surface of the grate grate, and in this connection crater burning and slagging of grate grates arise.

Known heating boiler TROX, selected the closest analogue (http://klimat.zp.ua/teplooborudovanie/kotli_tverdotoplivnie/kolton_trox40_trox), a distinctive feature of which is the principle of lower combustion. Individual elements of the boiler are made of sheets of 6-8-10 mm due to the aggressive action of organic substances. The boiler heat exchanger consists of vertical panels, and a hopper and additional doors are installed directly above the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber has a block-shaped cast-iron grate, a ceramic lining and a number of aeration holes to ensure the most efficient combustion process. The TROX boiler is adapted for burning biomass (sawdust, wood shavings, wood chips, briquettes, wood waste). In the absence of these types of fuel, coal can be periodically burned by removing the hopper. TROX is simple and trouble-free in daily operation.

However, the disadvantages of the described technical solutions are the impossibility of regulating the boiler power over a wide range.

The technical task is to provide regulation of the boiler operation power in a wide range from 5-10% to 100% of the power due to the reduced combustion volume and air supply while maintaining optimal combustion conditions of the fuel and high efficiency.

The problem is solved by a fuel boiler containing the furnace itself, a chamber for a heat exchanger with a chimney attached to it and a grate located in the lower part of the furnace with slots for removing ash into the ash box located under the grate, characterized in that the grate consists of a grate the side of the gas exit from the furnace of a fixed metal plate, in the middle part of which there is a movable plate on top of it, and on top of the movable plate, a fixed cover plate is attached to the walls of the furnace, When this top grate at a distance of 2-4 cm from the formed protective corners serving to prevent overlap of the air passage in the slot grate.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a boiler with a grate, and in FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section AA of the boiler with lower combustion and with a grate, where

1 - boiler wall,

2 - passage for the exit of gas from the furnace,

3 - fixed metal plate,

4 - grate,

5 - movable plate,

6 - fixed cover plate,

7 - a chamber for a heat exchanger,

8 - ash box

9 - chimney

10 - protective corners.

The ash is removed at the very bottom of the inclined surface through the grate with slots 4 leading to the ash box 8.

The fuel located in the upper part of the inclined surface during the combustion of fuel in the combustion zone, goes down and takes the place of the burned one. Protective corners 10 do not allow even the smallest fuel to block the access of air to the combustion zone and degrade the power and quality of combustion.

On top of the stove 3 in its middle part is a movable stove 5, which can be pulled upward, revealing the entire area of the grate, thereby increasing the amount of incoming air, the amount of combustion and creating maximum heat during combustion. Also, the movable plate 5 can be smoothly moved to the middle position and the lowest position, thereby reducing the burning power, up to the complete closure of the slots in the grate and the cessation of burning.

The cover plate 6 protects the movable plate and does not allow fuel particles to prevent its upward movement.

Protective corners 10 prevent the complete passage of air passage in the slit of the small fuel grate located below, lowering down instead of the burned one.

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency and creating optimal combustion conditions while reducing the burning power by reducing the volume of combustion and the amount of incoming air, which reduces the total burning power without compromising its quality.

Claims (1)

A solid fuel boiler containing the furnace itself, the attached chamber for the heat exchanger with the exhaust pipe and the grate located in the lower part of the furnace with slots for removing ash into the ash box located under the grate, characterized in that the grate consists of gas from a furnace of a fixed metal plate, in the middle part of which there is a movable plate on top of it, and on top of the movable plate, a fixed cover plate is attached to the walls of the furnace, while the top ka at a distance of 2-4 cm from the plate with a grate formed protective corners serving to prevent overlap of the air passage in the slot grate.

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