RU199141U1 - Pellet burner with movable grate - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the design of a flare burner for solid fuel in the form of granules (pellets) and can be used as a source of heat energy for boilers and furnaces. A pellet burner is a structure consisting of a metal body in which a combustion chamber with a movable grate, a mechanism for driving a movable grate, an inclined tray for feeding pellets, an ignition device, and a heat-insulated tube for a photosensor are located. A pull-out ash drawer is located under the grate. A blower fan, an electric drive of a movable grate mechanism, a loading branch pipe with a check valve are installed on the body. On the inner side and top surfaces of the furnace, protective plates made of heat-resistant material are fixed.

Description

The utility model relates to thermal power engineering, in particular, to devices for burning fuel granules (pellets) made from woodworking waste, crop production, and peat. The pellet burner is designed to work as a part of solid fuel boilers, furnaces and other heat exchangers in order to automate their work.

A device for burning granular fuel is known (RF patent RU123499) a pellet burner containing a control unit, a heat-insulated mounting plate, a burner body attached to it, enclosing a combustion cavity, a grate, an ignition device located above the grate and containing a metal body with openings for air inlet and outlet, and an electric heater located therein; a fan and a pipe for receiving pellets fixed on the casing of the blowing chamber, an inclined tray for feeding pellets located under the pipe for receiving pellets and consisting of upper and lower parts installed with a gap one above the other, and a photodetector is installed in the specified gap, characterized in that the electric the heater located in the ignition device housing has a transverse arrangement with respect to the burner axis and the forced air flow, the mounting plate is fastened to the heating device housing in the opening of the heating device with the possibility of rotation, achieved by fastening the burner elements on the mounting plate with an offset towards the pivot axis ...

The main disadvantage of this device is the need for frequent stopping of the burner and manual cleaning of the furnace from solid combustion products - slag, ash, cake in the case of using high-ash pellets as fuel. In addition, the burner has insufficient protection in the event of abnormal situations, such as the appearance of backdraft and the release of flame into the pellet receiving pipe.

A technically more complex design is known as a solid fuel boiler burner, patent RU 2679992 . In this design, a rotary combustion chamber located in the housing and equipped with primary and secondary air channels is used for cleaning from slags and ensuring mixing of the fuel. But even with such a technical solution, clogging of the air supply holes with particles of slag and ash on the surface of the combustion chamber is possible, which will lead to a violation of mixture formation and a decrease in the quality of combustion. At the same time, the burner has a very complex design with a large number of rubbing parts subject to wear.

The objective of the utility model is to create a simple, safe and easy-to-use pellet burner that provides efficient combustion of all types of pellets in automatic mode for a long time without the need for frequent maintenance.

The task is solved by creating a pellet burner, consisting of a control unit, a metal body, a loading nozzle, an inclined pellet feed tray, a combustion chamber, a fuel ignition device, characterized in that the combustion chamber is cleaned by a movable electric grate, a retractable ash grate is located under the grate. drawer, the blower fan is located horizontally above the ignition device.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a pellet burner;

Figure 2 is a general view of the burner.

A loading pipe (3) is installed on the metal body (5), which has a built-in check valve (2), which performs the following functions:

1. Prevents the penetration of flame into the pellet feed pipe (25) in the event of reverse draft.

2. Reduces the feed rate of pellets into the burner furnace in order to form a more compact portion of the fuel, which ensures efficient ignition and combustion.

The inlet (3) has an inspection hatch (1), through which the cavity in which the check valve (2) is located can be quickly cleaned of carbon deposits.

A sleeve (24) is attached to the pellet feed pipe (25) for attaching the temperature sensor. With a decrease in the draft in the heating unit and the occurrence of prerequisites for the appearance of reverse draft, the body of the loading nozzle (3) heats up to higher temperatures. In order to ensure the safe operation of the pellet burner, the control unit limits or stops the fuel supply when the temperature of the loading nozzle exceeds the set value.

A mounting flange (4) is attached to the body (5) for fixing the burner in the body of the heating unit. In the combustion chamber (12), with the help of fastening screws (8), replaceable protective elements are installed - the upper (6) and side (7) plates, made of heat-resistant material, which prevent overheating and burnout of the burner body.

Fuel combustion occurs on a movable grate (10) made of heat-resistant steel plates. During the operation of the burner, with the frequency set in the control unit, the moving sections of the grate (10) reciprocate relative to the stationary ones. Thus, the ash, ash, cakes formed during the combustion of pellets move along the grate and are poured into the ash pan of the heating unit. In this case, the combustion does not stop, the entire cleaning and combustion process takes place during the operation of the burner according to the principle of a conveyor. This ensures continuous combustion, which greatly facilitates and simplifies the maintenance of the burner. Simultaneously with cleaning the combustion chamber (12), the gaps between the grate plates, through which the combustion air passes, are cleaned, which ensures high-quality combustion of the pellets for a long time. The upper movable grate plate has a rim (9), which prevents the pellets from falling out of the combustion chamber prematurely, but does not prevent the removal of solid combustion products. The movable grate plates are driven by an electric drive (18) through the crank (16) and freely slide on the support (11).

Under the movable grate (10) there is an inner ash pan (13) of the burner, which has a pull-out handle (17).

The combustion air is supplied by the fan (21), the rotation speed of which is regulated by the control unit.

The pellet burner is ignited by supplying power from the control unit to the ignition device, which consists of a housing (15) and a heating element (14). The air supplied by the fan (21), passing through the heating element (14), heats up to a high temperature and ignites the pellets.

A thermally insulated tube (19) is fixed in the burner body, in which a photosensor (22) is located, with one end directed to an opening in the vertical part of the inclined chute (23). The tube is additionally cooled by the incoming air flow from the fan.

The burner body is covered with a cover (20), which has a decorative and protective function.

The burner is equipped with a control unit (not shown in the figure), which provides automatic loading of granular fuel (pellets) by means of an external screw through the loading pipe (3) into the combustion chamber (12). The amount of fuel supplied and the fan speed (21) are regulated by the control unit depending on the required power. Successful ignition is recorded by a photosensor (22). In the absence of a signal from the photosensor, further fuel supply is not performed, a malfunction signal on the control unit lights up, requiring operator intervention. Flame control by photosensor is an integral part of the safe operation of a pellet burner throughout its entire service life.

Claims (6)

1. Pellet burner with a movable grate, consisting of a control unit, a metal body, a loading nozzle, an inclined pellet feed chute, a combustion chamber, a fuel ignition device, characterized in that the combustion chamber is cleaned by a movable electric grate, under the grate there is a retractable ash drawer, blowing fan located horizontally above the ignition device. 2. A pellet burner according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a limiting flange that extends from the combustion chamber during the course of the movable grate. 3. A pellet burner according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a thermally insulated tube in which a photosensor is located. 4. Pellet burner according to claim 1, characterized in that a check valve is installed in the loading branch pipe. 5. A pellet burner according to claim 1, characterized in that a sleeve for attaching a temperature sensor is installed on the loading pipe. 6. Pellet burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the firebox is lined from the inside with easily removable plates made of heat-resistant material.

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