RU2812651C1 - Pellet burning device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating engineering.

SUBSTANCE: devices for burning fuel granules (pellets) made from peat, wood waste and agricultural waste. A device for burning pellets contains a firebox, a fan, an air supply pipe, a mounting plate with holes in which the loading pipe is located, a photosensor, and an ignition unit. The fan is connected to the surface of the mounting plate, the firebox is connected to the air supply pipe and the ignition unit, which are the brackets of the firebox, and also contains an arc-shaped grate with perforations over the entire surface, located in the firebox, between the outlet of the ignition unit and the air supply pipe, and a blade, placed above the surface of the grate, configured for reciprocal radial movement along its surface and connected to an electromechanical drive located in the casing, coupled with the mounting plate.

EFFECT: ensuring complete combustion of fuel, as well as low labor intensity of maintenance of the crater pellet burner.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to the field of heating engineering, in particular to devices for burning fuel granules (pellets) made from peat, wood waste and agricultural waste. The device for burning pellets is intended for operation as part of solid fuel boilers, stoves and other heat exchange equipment in order to ensure automation of its operation. State of the art

There is a known utility model RU 123499 U1 “Pellet burner”, MPK F23B 50/12, F23K 3/16, F23L 1/00, F23N 5/08, containing a control unit, a mounting plate, a burner body mounted on it, enclosing the combustion cavity, a grate , an ignition device located above the grate and containing a metal housing with holes for air inlet and outlet, and an electric heater placed in it, a fan and a pipe for receiving pellets mounted on the body of the blowing chamber, an inclined pellet supply tray located under the pipe for receiving pellets and consisting of upper and lower parts installed with a gap one above the other, and a photodetector is installed in the specified gap. The electric heater, located in the body of the ignition device, has a transverse location with respect to the burner axis and the forced air flow; the mounting plate is fastened to the heating device body in the opening of the heating device with the possibility of rotation, achieved by fastening the burner elements to the mounting plate with an offset towards the axis turn.

The disadvantage of the above-described technical solution is the absence of a device for cleaning the burner cavity in which fuel combustion occurs from ash, which leads to an increase in the complexity of servicing the burner.

There is a known utility model RU 199141 U1 “Pellet burner with a movable grate”, MPK F23J 1/06, containing a movable grate with an electric drive, a control unit, a metal body, a loading pipe, an inclined pellet supply tray, a combustion chamber, a fuel ignition device, a retractable an ash box located under the grate, a blower fan located horizontally above the ignition device. The disadvantage of the above-described technical solution is the complex design of the burner combustion chamber cleaning device due to the large number of structural elements, which also reduces the reliability of the cleaning device and increases the complexity of its maintenance and repair.

Of the known solutions, the closest in technical essence to the claimed object is the invention RU 2731686 C2 “Solid fuel burner”, IPC F23B 30/04, F23B 60/02, F23H 15/00, F23K 3/08, F23H 9/02, containing, at least two grate rods, which are installed parallel to each other at a distance and into which primary air enters. The grate rods are located between the internal walls of the burner and are installed in the holes of the burner flange on the rod-bearing beam. The inner walls have at least one opening for secondary air. The inner walls together with the outer walls form a channel for secondary air. The grate rods can be rotated by the interaction of slag particles adhering to them and the moving cleaning ridge, or the grate rods can be rotated by a drive. All moving parts are located either under the grate bars or in a channel between the inner wall and the outer wall and are thus cooled by primary air flowing through the grate or secondary air flowing through the channel. The cleaning comb is at rest under the grate rods and is cooled by the primary air flowing through it. The cleaning comb performs the following movements: up through the grate rods, breaks the layer of slag and coals on the grate rods and mixes the layer of slag and coals on the grates. After this, the cleaning comb moves towards the burner outlet, and removes slag from the burner, and then moves down under the grate and further towards the burner flange. The movement of the cleaning comb can be circular.

The disadvantage of the above-described technical solution is the complex design of the device for cleaning the burner grate rods due to the large number of structural elements, which also reduces the reliability of the cleaning device and increases the complexity of its maintenance and repair. A technical challenge to solve the above-described disadvantages is to develop a device for burning pellets with a mechanism for cleaning the furnace in which the fuel is burned, having a simple design, high reliability of operation, low labor intensity of maintenance and repair, as well as ensuring complete combustion of fuel in the furnace, which has a simple design , low labor intensity of maintenance and repair. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The stated technical problem is solved due to the fact that the firebox (6) is connected to the air supply pipe (5) and the ignition unit (4), which are the brackets of the firebox (6), and also contains an arc-shaped grate (9) with perforation over the entire surface, located in the firebox (6), between the outlet of the ignition unit and the air supply pipe, a blade placed above the surface of the grate, made with the possibility of reciprocal radial movement along its surface and connected to an electromechanical drive located in the casing, mated with mounting plate.

The device for burning pellets contains a mounting plate (1) for attaching the device for burning pellets to the body of heat exchange equipment, for example, a boiler. The mounting plate (1) has holes in which are located: a loading pipe (2) that supplies pellets into the firebox, a photosensor (3), an ignition unit (4), an air supply pipe (5), and also contains a casing on the side of the firebox (6) (7) in the internal space of which there is an electromechanical drive of the blade (8) of the furnace cleaning mechanism. The firebox (6) has a rectangular shape, is connected to the air supply pipe (5), the ignition unit (4), which are the brackets of the firebox (6). This design allows you to quickly disconnect the firebox from the pellet burning device for maintenance and repair. The grate (9) of the firebox (6) has an arched shape with perforations over the entire surface and is located in the firebox (6) between the outlet of the ignition unit (4) and the air supply pipe (5). This shape of the grate (9) allows the fuel located at the edges of the firebox (6) to roll under its own weight into the area of the flame after part of the fuel has burned out. In the upper part, the firebox (6) has jagged guards (10) that prevent fuel from spilling out during supply outside the firebox (6). The ignition unit (4) consists of a sleeve in which the heating element is located. The furnace cleaning mechanism contains a blade (8) placed above the surface of the grate, coupled with an electromechanical drive. The part of the blade (8), coupled with the electromechanical drive, has a shape that follows the shape of the side wall of the firebox (6). The blade (8), installed with the minimum permissible gap relative to the grate (9) and the side walls of the firebox (6), makes a reciprocal radial movement along the surface of the grate (9) scooping out ash from the firebox (6). At rest, the blade (8) is in its extreme position at the upper edge of the firebox (6) at the greatest distance from the combustion zone to ensure minimal exposure to flame. On the surface of the return firebox (6), the mounting plate (1) contains a fan (11) covered with a casing, supplying air for ignition through the ignition unit (4), as well as maintaining the fuel combustion process in the firebox (6) through the air supply pipe (5 ). The device for burning pellets is equipped with a control unit (not shown in the figure), which ensures automatic loading of pellets from the hopper via an external auger through the loading pipe (2) into the firebox (6). The number of supplied pellets and the rotation speed of the fan (11) are regulated by the control unit depending on the required power. Successful ignition is recorded by a photosensor (3). If there is no signal from the photosensor (3), no further fuel is supplied, and a fault signal on the control unit lights up, requiring operator intervention. Flame control via a photosensor (3) is an integral part of the safe operation of the pellet burning device throughout its entire service life. Pellets from the hopper are fed by an auger into the loading pipe (2) and then poured into the firebox (6) under their own weight, which eliminates the occurrence of a backfire, because no pellets remain in the auger, thereby ensuring high fire safety of the device for burning pellets.

The technical result of the claimed solution is to ensure complete combustion of fuel in the furnace, as well as low labor intensity for servicing the device for burning pellets. Brief description of drawings:

In fig. 1 - schematic representation of a device for burning pellets.

Axonometric projection.

Brief description of structural elements:

1 - mounting plate;

2 - loading pipe;

3 - photosensor;

4 - ignition block;

5 - air supply pipe;

6 - firebox;

7 - casing;

8 - blade;

9 - grate;

10 - gear fence;

11 - fan.

Implementation of the stated decision:

The claimed technical solution works as follows.

The device for burning pellets is installed, namely, the mounting plate (1) is secured to the body of the heat exchange equipment, for example, a boiler. A command is sent through the control unit to ignite. Pellets from the bunker are fed by an auger into the loading pipe (2) and then, under their own weight, are poured into the firebox (6). The heating element in the ignition unit (4) starts working and the fan (11) supplies air through the ignition unit (4) and the air supply pipe (5) to the firebox (6) of the pellet burning device. The air forced by the fan (11) into the ignition unit (4), passing through the heating element, heats up to a high temperature and ignites the pellets in the firebox (6). The presence of a flame is detected by a photosensor (3), which transmits a signal to turn off the heating element in the ignition unit (4). If there is no flame in the firebox (6), the photosensor (3) sends a signal to the control unit to stop the supply of pellets. To clean the firebox (6) from ash, use the firebox cleaning mechanism by activating it using the control unit. The blade (8), performing a reciprocal radial movement along the surface of the grate (9), removes ash from the firebox (6). After cleaning is completed, the blade (8) is retracted to its extreme position towards the upper edge of the firebox (6).

Claims (1)

A device for burning pellets containing a firebox, a fan, an air supply pipe, a mounting plate with holes in which the loading pipe is located, a photosensor, an ignition unit, characterized in that the fan is connected to the surface of the mounting plate, the firebox is connected to the air supply pipe and the ignition unit , which are the brackets of the firebox, and also contains an arc-shaped grate with perforation over the entire surface, located in the firebox, between the outlet of the ignition unit and the air supply pipe, a blade placed above the surface of the grate, made with the possibility of reciprocal radial movement along it surface and connected to an electromechanical drive located in the casing, coupled with the mounting plate.