RU2604592C2 - Method of azimuthal targeting launcher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to azimuthal targeting mobile launchers of the Army rocket-artillery weapons during firing at an unobserved target. Lifting and rotary launcher and a satellite meter are placed on a mobile chassis (MS) with a length of not less than 3m. By means of antennae of the satellite meter a basic direction (BD) is formed within the range of angles between the longitudinal axis and the MS diagonal in the plan. One antenna of the meter is installed in the front, and the other antenna of the meter is installed in the rear end of the MS stationary or onto a folding bar. Coordinate referencing of the BD to an associated with the MS fixed angle-metering limb of the launcher is performed. Turning of the launcher in the direction of firing is performed relative to the BD fixed by means of the angle-metering limb.

EFFECT: technical result of the proposed invention is higher accuracy of azimuthal targeting of the launcher, including the one with replaceable transport-launching containers (TLC) with ground-to ground missiles, at minimization of acting on the satellite meter interfering effects of specific targeting operation of the launcher.

9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the azimuthal aiming of mobile launchers (launchers) of missile and artillery weapons of ground forces when firing at an unobserved target.

There are known methods of azimuthal aiming of missile and artillery weapons of ground forces when firing at an unobserved target (from closed positions), based on the goniometric reference of the main direction of fire to characteristic local landmarks (rappers) using an artillery compass - see, for example, V.A. Nadin, I.A. Skorik, V.M. Sheheryan "Artillery". M., DOSAAF, 1972, pp. 252-280, 321; using a mechanical sight, panorama and collimator - see, for example, A.B. Shirokorad. "Domestic mortars and rocket artillery." Minsk Harvest, Moscow ACT, 2000, p. 368.

A known method of orienting (otherwise - coarse aiming) guns (PU) using a rigidly based on guns (PU) parallel to the line of sight of a two-antenna satellite navigation system (azimuth meter - the so-called satellite compass) - see, for example, RF patent No. 2466343 (closest analogue). In the proposed technical solution, the installation of the dual-antenna system of the meter on the gun (PU) is carried out by means of an easily removable bracket and rod, while the antennas are sent to the upper hemisphere, and the azimuth value is calculated and displayed at a frequency of at least 1 Hz, followed by the rotation of the PU in the direction of fire.

However, the proposed method of orienting the gun (PU) has fundamental limitations on the accuracy of determining the azimuth measured by a satellite compass and increased requirements for the antenna mount resistance, which is associated with the meter’s basing characteristics, namely directly on the gun (PU), in the presence of dimensional, shock ( when firing / launching ammunition), structural layout and other restrictions determined by the specific target work of the gun (PU).

The technical result of the invention is a significant (at least an order of magnitude) increase in the accuracy of the azimuthal aiming of the launcher, including with interchangeable launch vehicles (TPK) with ground-to-ground missiles, while minimizing the adverse effects on the satellite compass from the specific target operation of the launcher.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the lift-and-go launcher (including with quick-changeable TPK) and the satellite meter are placed on a mobile chassis (MS) with a length of at least 3 m, using the antennas of the satellite meter they form the base direction (BN) in the range of angles between the longitudinal axis and the diagonal of the MS in the plan, for which one antenna of the meter is installed in the front, and the second antenna of the meter is installed in the rear end of the MS stationary or on a folding rod, and coordinate the BN to the stationary connected with the MS in the goniometric limb of the PU, while the rotation of the PU in the direction of fire is relative to the BN, fixed by means of the goniometric limb. In some cases, the third antenna of the azimuth meter can be additionally placed on the MS, which, when the MS is stopped, for aiming the launchers, is carried out along the BN to a distance of 1 km. At the same time, the installation of the remote antenna on the BN line can be carried out using a laser signaling device or dioptric placement of the light signaling on the meter antennas, rigidly fixed to the MS. It should be noted that at a distance of 0.5 ... 3.0 of the length of the MS, it is advisable to take out the additional azimuthal antenna of the meter by means of a folding mechanical rod. In addition, a lateral antenna of the meter can be permanently mounted on the MS with a dual-antenna azimuth meter to determine the roll - perpendicular to the BN at a distance of 0.2 ... 1.2 of the MS width (with the corresponding addition to the calculation and indication unit with the current values of the MS roll). In this case, in some cases, two meter antennas are placed at the same height on the right and left sides of the MS cabin, and the third meter antenna is placed in the rear end of the MS at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the MS as one of the antennas on the cabin. In some cases, it may be appropriate to place two antennas of the azimuth meter at the extremities of an additionally inserted beam parallel to the aiming axis of the control panel. At the same time, it is advisable to determine the location of the meter’s antennas when installing them on the MS and PU using optical control elements that are rigidly fixed to each antenna.

Schematic diagram of the launcher on the MSH, which implements the proposed method of azimuthal aiming, is shown in Fig. 1. Formation of a basic direction by means of a two-antenna meter parallel to (along) the longitudinal axis of the MS is shown in FIG. 2, along the diagonal of the MS (in plan) - in FIG. 3. Layout diagrams of the meter antennas on folding mechanical rods are shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 (options). A schematic diagram of the deployment of the external antenna of the meter relative to the MS is shown in FIG. 5. A variant of the stationary placement on the MS of a three-antenna meter is shown in FIG. 7. A diagram of an additional two-antenna meter at the ends of the PU beam is shown in FIG. 8.

Designations accepted:

1 - power housing (frame) and transmission of the MSh, including supporting systems and assemblies;

2 - cabin MSH;

3 - lifting and turning PU;

4 - TPK (guide) rocket (kinetic) ammunition;

5 - front antenna of the meter;

6 - rear antenna of the meter;

7 - folding (retractable) mechanical rod;

8 - additional remote antenna of the meter;

9 - side antenna of the meter;

10 - beam;

11 - head antenna of the meter;

12 - tail on the PU antenna of the meter.

The azimuthal aiming of the PU according to the proposed technical solution is as follows. The mobile chassis pos. 1 is a wheeled (tracked, wheeled-tracked, air-cushioned, etc.) platform on which, in particular, a cab pos. 2 (designed for the regular placement of the crew and the control of the ballistic missile) and the lifting and swiveling control unit pos. 3 with one or several TPK (guides) pos. 4. Both removable (for example, for disposable TPKs) and stationary (for example, for multi-barreled guides with reloading ammunition) are allowed to implement the pos. 4. In this case, it is important to note that, taking into account the characteristic length of the TPK (guides), pos. 4 tactical (operational-tactical) missile and artillery weapons of the ground forces in the range of 2 ... 12 m, the total length of the ballistic missile pos. 1 - for the classic layout of PU pos. 3 - will be at the level of 3 ... 14 m (see Figs. 1-3). In this regard, it seems advisable to use a rigid long base of MSH pos. 1 for determining with high accuracy (no worse than tenths of an angular degree) the geographic azimuth of the MS (base direction) using a two-antenna coordinate meter based on the GLONASS, GPS, BeiDou satellite navigation systems (Galileo, IRNSS in the future) and subsequent azimuthal aiming (reversal along direction of fire) PU pos. 3 precisely with respect to the measured BN with high accuracy. The location of the BN in the plan, determined along the line of the control elements of the antennas pos. 5 and pos. 6, it is advisable either along (parallel to) the longitudinal axis of the MSH pos. 1 (see. Fig. 2, 4), or on the diagonal of the MSH pos. 1 (see Fig. 3), or in the range of angles between the longitudinal axis and one of the MS diagonals (in the general case). Materialized in this way BN (at a length / base of at least 3 m) are coordinate-bound (to the nearest tenth ... hundredths of an angular degree) to the position rigidly connected with the MS. 1 motionless azimuthal goniometer dial PU pos. 3. In this case, the reversal of the PU pos. 3 in the direction of fire with the required accuracy produce relative to the BN, fixed by means of a fixed goniometric limb (with periodic monitoring of coordinate reference).

As a rule, azimuthal aiming PU pos. 3 according to the proposed technical solution is made from a standstill (with a stationary MSH pos. 1), although in some cases - with significantly reduced accuracy requirements - azimuthal aiming of the PU pos. 3 in motion (in the absence of sharp evolutions of the MSH pos. 1). In this case, in order to improve the accuracy of determining the BN by increasing the base of the MSH pos. 1 one (pos. 5) or both (pos. 5, pos. 6) antennas of the meter can be extended along the BN (for example, forward and / or backward along the longitudinal axis of the MSH pos. 1) on the folding rod pos. 7 (see Fig. 4).

A further increase in the accuracy of azimuthal aiming PU pos. 3 when firing from a place can be achieved by dramatically increasing the antenna base of the azimuth meter. A technical implementation option in this case may be equipping the MSH pos. 1 additional - third - antenna pos. 8 azimuth measuring instruments (see Fig. 5), which, when occupying the MS, firing positions are extended along the BN (forward or backward) to a distance of 1 km (selected from the condition for guaranteed accuracy of the azimuthal aiming of the launcher not worse than hundredths ... thousandths of an angular degrees for firing tactical missiles of the ground forces at a maximum radius of action). At the same time, the installation control of the remote antenna pos. 8 meters on the BN line are carried out, for example, using a laser signaling device (ensures the retention of the laser beam from the MSH pos. 1 on the control element of the remote antenna pos. 8) or using the diopter placement of the light indication on the antennas pos. 5 and pos. 6, rigidly fixed to the MSH pos. 1 (the dioptric placement of the light indication presupposes an unambiguous “concentric” sighting by the image operator of the antenna devices pos. 5, pos. 6 from the BN line when the antenna pos. 8 is correctly installed and, accordingly, the “concentric” image geometry is distorted if the antenna is displaced pos. 8 from the BN line).

In a simpler version of the technical implementation, if the assignment of an additional antenna pos. 8 at a distance of 0.5 ... 3.0 length MSH pos. 1 - the specified additional antenna pos. 8 is carried along the BN (forward or backward) by means of a folding rod pos. 7 (see Fig. 6).

If necessary, have data on the roll of MSH pos. 1 on the mobile chassis can be rigidly installed at the maximum distance (shoulder) from the BN additional side antenna pos. 9 meters (see Fig. 7). Taking into account rational values of the necessary accuracy of determining the roll, strength / stiffness of load-bearing strength elements, including remote, ease of installation and operation placement of the antenna pos. 9 it is advisable to perform at a distance of 0.2 ... 1.2 width MSH pos. 1 perpendicular to BN. For example, it seems rational to have a rigid (stationary) placement of antennas pos. 5 and pos. 9 meters at the same height on the right and left sides of the cab pos. 2 MSH pos. 1 (definition of roll), while the antenna pos. 6 meters are stationary placed in the rear end of the MSH pos. 1 at the same distance (shoulder) from the longitudinal axis of the MS, as one of the antennas (in this case, pos. 5) on the cab pos. 2 (determination of BN). Accordingly, the calculation and display unit is programmatically supplemented in terms of determining the current values of the bank roll МШ pos. one.

In some cases, the option of forming a second basic direction (BN2) parallel to the sight line of the PU pos. 3 in addition to the main (first) basic direction (BN1), formed on the MSH pos. 1 as described above (see FIG. 8). Moreover, additional antennas - pos. 11 (head antenna) and pos. 12 (tail antenna) of the azimuth meter - rigidly placed on the ends of the additionally introduced beams pos. 10, which is stationary mounted on the PU pos. 3 parallel to the sighting line. This option allows you to quickly provide preliminary (rough) azimuthal aiming PU, which can be used on some missile and artillery systems that allow the opening of fire with minimal preliminary training. In addition, this option allows you to work normally with replaceable TPKs, use automated information and control systems for targeting PU unified by the sensor and computing composition, mutually calibrate, and, in some cases, duplicate the formation of the base direction.

It should be noted that the location of stationary fixed and remote on the bar pos. 7 meter antennas when placed on the MSH pos. 1 and beam pos. 10 PU pos. 3, it is advisable to carry out using optical control elements that are rigidly fixed to each antenna. At the same time, using the traditional technology of interlinking objects based on optical collimators, the required accuracy of installation of the meter antennas in one or another of the combinations described above is achieved, which, in turn, provide the claimed accuracy of the azimuthal aiming of the launcher.

Aiming of the lift-and-rotate launcher with a given accuracy in elevation (in the vertical plane) is carried out using standard hardware and software, including launcher angle sensors (for example, based on inclinometers).

The application of the proposed technical solution is expedient for the azimuthal aiming of long-range missile (artillery) ground forces systems deployed on mobile chassis. At the same time, the long-range base of the ballistic missile makes it possible to achieve increased accuracy of the azimuthal aiming of the launcher relative to the base direction (at the level of tenths ... hundredths of an angular degree), which is guaranteed to provide a solution to the problem of high-precision hitting the target when firing from closed positions.

Claims (9)

1. The method of azimuthal aiming the launcher (PU), including determining the azimuth using a two-antenna, with the direction of the antennas in the upper hemisphere, a satellite coordinate meter, calculating and displaying the azimuth value with a frequency of at least 1 Hz and turning the launcher in the direction of fire, characterized in that a lifting and turning control unit and a satellite meter are placed on a mobile chassis (MS) with a length of at least 3 m, using the antennas of the satellite meter, the basic direction (BN) is formed in the range of angles between the longitudinal axis and the diagonal of the MS in the plan, for which one antenna of the meter is installed in the front end of the MS, and the second antenna of the meter is installed in the rear end of the MS either stationary or on a folding rod and the BN is coordinated to the fixed angular limb PU connected to the MS, while turning the PU in the direction firing is carried out relative to the BN, fixed by means of a goniometric limb. 2. The method of azimuthal aiming of the launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the third antenna of the azimuth meter is additionally placed on the MS, which, when the MS is stopped, for aiming the PU, is carried out along the BN to a distance of 1 km. 3. The method of azimuthal aiming PU according to claim 2, characterized in that the installation of the remote antenna of the meter on the BN line is controlled using a laser signaling device. 4. The method of azimuthal aiming PU according to claim 2, characterized in that the installation of the external antenna of the meter on the BN line is monitored using the diopter placement of light indications on the antennas of the meter rigidly fixed to the MS. 5. The method of azimuthal aiming of the launcher according to claim 2, characterized in that the meter’s third antenna is carried along the BN by a folding rod to a distance of 0.5 ... 3.0 of the length of the MS. 6. The method of azimuthal aiming PU according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional lateral antenna of the meter is installed perpendicularly to the BN at a distance of 0.2 ... 1.2 of the width of the MS and the calculation and indication are complemented by the MS roll. 7. The method of azimuthal aiming PU according to claim 6, characterized in that the two antennas of the meter are placed at the same height on the right and left sides of the MS cabin, and the third antenna of the meter is placed in the rear end of the MS at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the MS as one of the antennas on the cab. 8. The method of azimuthal aiming of the launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that two meter antennas are rigidly placed parallel to the aiming axis of the launcher at the ends of the additionally inserted launcher of the launcher. 9. The method of azimuthal aiming PU according to paragraphs. 1, 6, 8, characterized in that the location of the antennas of the meter when they are installed on the MS and the beam PU is made using optical control elements that are rigidly fixed to each antenna.

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