RU2596134C1 - Machine for cleaning and sorting grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for grain postharvest treatment. Machine for cleaning and sorting grain comprises a receiving-distributing chamber, grid system, first and second pneumatic duct, settling chamber, fan, cyclone and suction header. First pneumatic duct is located before grid system. Second pneumatic duct is located after grid system and is connected by an air duct with settling chamber. Suction header has two inlet and one outlet opening. One inlet opening is connected by air duct to first pneumatic duct, and other inlet opening is connected via air duct with settling chamber. Outlet opening of suction header is interfaced with suction window of radial fan. Outlet opening of suction header is located in vertical plane which is transverse relative to machine for cleaning and sorting grain. Centre of outlet opening of suction header is located in vertical plane of symmetry of pneumatic ducts which is longitudinal relative to machine.

EFFECT: machine for cleaning and sorting grain provides reduced irregularity of air flows in pneumatic ducts and higher quality of cleaning and sorting grain.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for cleaning and sorting grain.

A device is known comprising a receiving and distribution chamber, a sieve system, a first pneumatic channel located before the sieve system, a second pneumatic channel located after the sieve system, a first sedimentary chamber connected by an air duct to the first pneumatic channel, a second sedimentary chamber connected by an air duct to the second pneumatic channel, a radial fan , a cyclone and a suction collector with two inlet windows, one of which is connected to the first sedimentary chamber, the other to the second sedimentary chamber, and an outlet window, which The second one is connected with the suction window of the radial fan (Instructions for maintenance of the seed cleaning machine K 547 A. Petkus Wutha. www / petkus-snab.ru). Due to the rarefaction of air created by the radial fan, air flows are formed in the pneumatic channels. Under the action of the air flow in the first pneumatic channel, light weedy impurities are released from the grain, which enter the first sedimentary chamber, and in the second pneumatic channel, grain impurities and a lightweight puny grain are released from the grain, which enter the second sedimentary chamber. The exhaust air from the sedimentation chambers is fed by a radial fan into the cyclone, where it is cleaned from dust.

The disadvantage of this device is that the output window of the suction manifold, mating with the suction window of the radial fan, is in the vertical plane longitudinal with respect to the machine, and the radial fan is located on the side of the machine, which causes the air flow in the air channels to shift towards the radial fan. Irregularity of air flows in pneumatic channels leads to a decrease in the quality of cleaning and sorting of grain. In addition, the presence of two sedimentary chambers determines the structural complexity and high cost of the machines, and the placement of a radial fan on the side of the machine increases its dimensions.

It is also known a device containing a receiving and distribution chamber, a sieve system, a pneumatic channel, a radial fan, the suction window of which is connected directly to the air channel by the air duct, and a cyclone. (Maintenance instruction. Primary cleaning machine K 523 B 02. Petkus Wutha. Www / petkus-snab.ru). Due to the rarefaction of air created by the radial fan, an air stream is formed in the pneumatic channel, under the influence of which light impurities are released from the grain and then, together with the exhaust air, are sent to the cyclone. This device does not have a sedimentation chamber, which greatly simplifies the design and reduces the cost of the machine compared to the above device. However, in this device, as in the above device, the suction window of the radial fan is in the vertical plane longitudinal with respect to the machine, and the radial fan is located on the side of the machine, which causes uneven air flow in the pneumatic channel, leading to a decrease in the quality of cleaning and sorting of grain, and increases the dimensions of the machine.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known devices, namely: reducing the unevenness of the air flow in the pneumatic channels, improving the quality of cleaning and sorting of grain and reducing the size of the machine.

This problem is solved in that in the proposed machine for cleaning and sorting grain containing a receiving and distribution chamber, a sieve system, a first pneumatic channel located before the sieve system, a second pneumatic channel located after the sieve system, a sedimentary chamber connected by an air duct to the second pneumatic channel, radial a fan, a cyclone and a suction manifold with two inlet windows, one of which is connected by an air duct to the first pneumatic channel, the other is connected by an air duct to the second sedimentary chamber, and the bottom window, which is interfaced with the suction window of the radial fan, in contrast to the known devices, the outlet window of the suction manifold is located in a vertical plane transverse relative to the machine, while its center is in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the pneumatic channels relative to the machine or near this plane.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by example. The figure shows a diagram of the proposed machine for cleaning and sorting grain. The following designations are accepted: 1 - reception and distribution chamber; 2 - the first pneumatic channel; 3 - radial fan; 4 - an air duct connecting the first air channel to the intake manifold; 5 - the soaking-up collector; 6 - duct connecting a radial fan with a cyclone; 7 - cyclone; 8 - flap that controls the air flow in the first pneumatic channel; 9 - switchgear; 10-upper sieve mill; 11 - lower sieve mill; 12 - sieve for the allocation of small weed impurities; 13 - a sieve for the separation of grain impurities, fine and puny grain; 14 - sieve for the separation of large impurities; 15 - second pneumatic channel; 16 - sedimentary chamber; 17 - discharge device sedimentary chamber; 18 - duct connecting the sedimentary chamber with the suction manifold; 19 - shutter for regulating the air flow in the second air channel; 20 - discharge valve device of the cyclone. Arrows without a circle indicate the movement of the main flow of grain (with solid lines), air (with dashed lines), light weed impurities (with dash-dotted lines), light grain impurities and lightweight grain (with dashed lines). Arrows with circles indicate the movement of small weed impurities (with dashed lines), fine grains (with solid lines), large impurities (with dashed lines).

Grain cleaning machine operates as follows. The source grain is fed into the receiving and distribution chamber 1 and from it enters the pneumatic channel 2. Under the action of the air flow created by the radial fan 3, light weedy impurities are released from the grain in this pneumatic channel, which are carried out by the air flow through the air duct 4 through the intake manifold 5, radial fan 3, then through the duct 6 to the cyclone 7. The parameters of the air flow in the pneumatic channel 2 are regulated by a valve 8.

The grain processed in the pneumatic channel 2 by means of a distribution device 9 is sent to the upper 10 and lower 11 sieve mills of the sieve system. Due to longitudinal vibrations and the slope of the sieve mills, grain moves along them. At both sieve mills, the grain passes sequentially through sieve 12 for the separation of fine impurities, along sieve 13 for the separation of grain impurities, fine and puny grain and enters the sieve 14 for the separation of large impurities. Small weed impurities pass into the openings of the sieve 12 and are removed from the machine. Small grain impurities and punctured grain pass into the openings of the sieve 13 and are also removed from the machine. The grain received on the sieve 14 passes through its openings and enters the pneumatic channel 15, and large impurities leave the sieve 14 and are removed from the machine.

Under the action of the air flow created by the radial fan 3, in the pneumatic channel 15 light grain impurities and lightweight grain are separated from the grain, which are carried out by the air stream into the sedimentation chamber 16, settle and are removed from it by means of an unloading device 17. The air exhausted in the sedimentation chamber 16 through the air duct 18 through the intake manifold 5, the radial fan 3, then through the air duct 6 enters the cyclone 7. The air flow in the pneumatic channel 15 is controlled by the valve 19. Processed in the pneumatic can 15 th seed output from the machine.

Light weedy impurities and dust carried out by the air flows from the pneumatic channel 2 and the sedimentation chamber into the cyclone 7 are deposited in the cyclone and removed from it by means of an unloading valve device 20, and the purified air is released into the atmosphere.

Due to the fact that the outlet window of the suction collector is located in a vertical plane transverse relative to the machine, and its center is in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the pneumatic channels relative to the machine or near this plane, the unevenness of air flows in the pneumatic channels is reduced, the quality of grain cleaning and sorting is improved, and dimensions of the machine.

The considered example confirms the possibility of implementing the claimed technical solution.

The claimed technical solution retains the advantages and eliminates the disadvantages of the known devices. It ensures the achievement of the technical result indicated in the objective of the invention, that is, reducing the unevenness of air flows in the pneumatic channels, improving the quality of cleaning and sorting grain and reducing the size of the machine.

Claims (1)

A machine for cleaning and sorting grain containing a receiving and distribution chamber, a sieve system, a first pneumatic channel located before the sieve system, a second pneumatic channel located after the sieve system, a sedimentary chamber connected by an air duct to the second pneumatic channel, a radial fan, a cyclone and a suction manifold with two entrance windows, one of which is connected by an air duct to the first pneumatic channel, the other is connected by an air duct to a sedimentary chamber, and an output window, which is interfaced with a suction window for the sake of ceiling elements of the fan, characterized in that the suction manifold exit window is located in a transverse vertical plane relative to the machine, with its center located in the longitudinal vertical plane of symmetry with respect to the machine pnevmokanalov or near this plane.

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