RU2586163C2 - Sowing machine for uniform sowing of seeds of vegetable crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: sowing machine for uniform seeding of vegetable crops seeds consists of multiple sections. Each section of sowing machine comprises sowing apparatus of butterfly type, tubular stand - seed duct, diffusing plate arranged under it above soil surface, butterfly drive gears and diffusing plate and closer. Sowing device is equipped with device for regulation of seeds sowing and termination of seeds sowing when switching sowing machine into transport position, consisting of flexible belt, enclosing semi-cylindrical bottom box. Front end of belt is connected to the housing of the box by means of spring, while its rear end is articulated with screw fixed vertically with help of adjusting nut and bracket on rear wall of box. Upper end of this screw is connected to lever switching sowing machine into transport position by means of flexible thread. On semi-cylindrical box bottom and in middle part of flexible belt there are rhombic holes for passage of seeds having same shape and dimensions.

EFFECT: higher quality of seeding.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, for sowing small seeds of vegetable crops.

The closest analogue of the proposed device is a sowing machine with a pendulum-type diffuser, containing a hollow seed tube with a furrow-forming paw, equipped with a scattering plate placed under the paw (RF patent No. 219510 A01C 7/20).

The disadvantage of this analogue is that the diffuser plate has a limited oscillation sector. Due to the small gap between the gable arch of the paw and the plate, if the root and plant residues fall into this gap, the oscillatory movement of the scattering plate is interrupted, and the sowing process is disturbed.

In another known device (RF patent No. 2501204 A01C 7/00), the scattering plate is placed not under the paw, but over the soil surface and is made in the form of a perforated sector.

As tests have shown, this device has two significant drawbacks: poor seed placement in the soil and the lack of a device to stop sowing seeds when moving the seeder into transport position.

The earthenware, made in the form of two plates of a triangular shape, set at an angle against the movement, together with the soil shifts the seeds toward the center line of the apparatus and unloads them on a narrow strip. In addition, the predetermined seed placement depth is not maintained.

In connection with these, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- offer a simple original device that provides two technological operations (functions): regulation of the rate of sowing of seeds and termination of sowing of seeds when moving the seeder into transport position;

- propose a zagotag, preserving the position of seeds on the sown strip and ensuring reliable contact of seeds with soil particles;

- locate the seeder wheels of the seeder on the seeder frame so that their footprint coincides with the sowing strip.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype (RF patent No. 2501204), the sowing apparatus is equipped with a device for regulating the rate of seed sowing and stopping the sowing of the seeds when the seeder is in transport position. The device consists of a flexible tape (steel, plastic, etc.), covering the semi-cylindrical bottom of the box, the front end of which is connected by a spring to the box body, and the rear end is pivotally connected to a screw fixed vertically with the adjusting nut and bracket on the back wall of the box, upper the end of this screw is connected by a flexible thread (cable) to the lever for translating the seeder into transport position. Moreover, on the semi-cylindrical bottom of the box and in the middle part of the flexible tape there are the same shape and size of diamond-shaped holes for the passage of seeds.

Seeds are planted into the soil with a zagotag, made in the form of a battery of round thick-walled disks (wheels), freely placed on the axis with the necessary interval. In this case, the axle of the wheels, fixed at the ends on a U-shaped frame and suspended on the fork of the lifting shaft of the seeder, has the ability to change its position both in horizontal and vertical plane. A rod of circular cross section is attached to the U-shaped frame, smoothing the comb surface formed after the passage of the disk battery.

Paired pneumatic support wheels are placed on the seeder frame in such a way that their trace coincides with the sowing strip.

This embodiment of the proposed device provides a fine accurate dosing of seed consumption (seeding rate). After a long search, a simple and reliable device was found to shut off the metering hole at the same time as the seeder was put into transport position.

But the main find for us is a disk zagotag. The fact is that all known seeders plant seeds in the soil of various kinds with coulters: anchor, disk, and cinquefoil. This process is closed and invisible to the observer (operator).

In the proposed device, the scattering plate is placed above the soil surface; as a result, the operator has the opportunity to visually observe the process of seed distribution and, if necessary, make timely adjustments.

However, this complicates the process of planting seeds into the soil. We tried various types of zagortachki: roller, grader, plow type, and all to no avail. Some of the seeds remain on the soil surface, most of them are unacceptably deeply embedded, while the seeds laid on the soil with a wide strip are unloaded in a narrow strip.

The solution to this problem was very simple. Thick-walled discs (wheels) placed at the required interval (depending on the type of soil) on one axis, penetrating the soil, press the seeds, and this ensures reliable contact with soil particles. The crests formed in this process between the tracks of the disks are displaced into the track of the disks by a smoothing rod of circular cross section. Additionally, the seed-bearing soil layer is compacted by the support wheels of the seeder.

Such a device, without violating the position of the seeds on the sown strip, reliably introduces them to a predetermined depth and compacts the seed-bearing layer.

This is confirmed by carrot crops this year (a photograph is attached).

By solving the technical problems described in this application, the process of creating a fundamentally new small-sized seeder for sowing small seeds of vegetable crops and some medicinal plants is being completed.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of one section of a seeder for uniform broadband sowing of seeds of vegetable crops, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

The seeder section contains a sowing unit equipped with a device for regulating the seeding rate and stopping the sowing of the seeds when the seeder is in transport position, a tubular stand-seed tube and a diffusion plate placed under it above the soil surface, drive mechanisms of the coil (moth) and plates of the sowing device. Lump, disc clutch, twin pneumatic support wheels.

The working coil of the metering apparatus is formed by trapezoidal blades 1 attached to the hub 2 and set at an angle of 30 ... 35 ° to the plane of rotation. Replaceable blades 1 have an inclination in different directions. The working coil (moth) is placed in box 3 with a semi-cylindrical bottom.

A device for regulating the rate of seed sowing and stopping the sowing of the seeds when the seeder is in transport position consists of a flexible tape 4, covering the half-cylindrical bottom 3 of the box, the front end of which is connected via spring 5 to the housing of the box 3, and the rear end is pivotally connected to the screw 6, fixed vertically using the adjusting nut 7 and the bracket 8 on the rear wall of the box 3.

The upper end of this screw 7 by means of a flexible thread 9 is connected with the lever 10 of transferring the seeder into the transport position. Moreover, on the semi-cylindrical bottom of the box 3 and in the middle part of the flexible tape 4 there are the same shape and size of diamond-shaped holes for the passage of seeds. When you turn the nut 7, the hole of the flexible tape 4 is shifted relative to the bottom hole, the size of the passage section changes. Therefore, using the nut 7, the seeding rate is changed. When transferring the seeds to the transport position, the holes completely overlap, since the flexible tape 4 is connected to the lifting lever 10 through the screw 6 and the flexible thread 9. When the seeder is put into working position under the action of the spring 5, the flexible tape 6 returns to its original position.

The scattering plate 11 is made in the form of a wide perforated circular sector and is connected with a narrow end to a vertical roller 12 having a lever 13 at the upper end. The roller 12 is mounted on sliding bearings in the tube 14. The lever 13 is connected by a connecting rod 15 with a finger 16 (Fig. 2), which is offset from the axis of rotation mounted on the roller 17. The roller 17 is adjacent to the side surface of the wheel 18. Additional pressure of the wheel 18 on the roller 17 is provided by the spring 19.

The zagotag is made in the form of a battery (3 ... 4 disks) of round thick-walled disks (wheels) 20 with a diameter of 100 ... 200 mm, freely placed on the axis with the necessary interval. The axle of the wheels is fixed at the ends to the Π-shaped frame 21, which is movably connected vertically by means of the stand 22 to the fork 23 of the seeder lifting shaft 24. By moving the bolt 25 along the holes of the plate 26, the position of the axis of the disks 20 changes relative to the line of motion (angle of attack). A bar 27 of circular cross section is attached to the U-shaped frame of the disk battery 21, smoothing the comb surface formed after the passage of the disk battery.

In the front of the frame of the seeder section, there is a lump that consists of two flat knives 28 placed in a horizontal plane at an angle less than the angle of friction of the plant residues on the knife blade. To the trailing edge of the knives 28, rectangular lumps 29 are welded at right angles. Lugs 29 are connected to the stand 30, inserted by a loose fit into the guide tube 31. The stand 30 is fixed in the tube 31 with a locking bolt 32.

In the rear part, the frame of the seeder section rests on the twin pneumatic wheels 33. The wheels are placed in such a way that their track coincides with the sowing strip.

Many sections can be mounted on the seeder frame (2, 4, 6). When using two sections, a compact, small-sized motoblock sowing unit is obtained. The productivity of such a unit is 0.8 ha / hour.

The work of the seeder, composed of sections proposed in this application is as follows. With the translational movement of the seeder through the chain and sprockets, the movement from the support wheels 16 is transmitted to the coils. When the coil rotates, the seed flow under the influence of the blades and gravity is directed through the rhombic outlet through the tubular vas deferens to the active scattering plate 11. On the plate 11, holes are made with the necessary pitch, as a result, when the plate 11 oscillates within a given sector, the seeds under the action of inertial forces and gravity sink into the holes, then are discharged along a certain path to a flat bed formed by a knife 28 and a lump 29. Moreover, the distribution is uniform emyan influenced by four factors:

- the magnitude of the displacement of the diamond-shaped holes on the floor of the cylindrical bottom of the box and on the flexible tape 4, that is, the dimensions of the bore, therefore, the rate of seeding;

- the arrangement of the holes on the plate 11;

- the amplitude of the oscillations of the plate 11;

- the oscillation frequency of the plate 11.

All factors are adjustable. With a certain value of them, you can get the necessary uniformity of seed distribution on the bed. This is the main advantage of the sowing apparatus. On known devices, as a rule, only the seeding rate is regulated.

Seated on a flat bed, formed after passage of the lump 28, the seeds are sealed with a disk clutch.

Seeds without changing their position are pressed into the soil with thick-walled disks 20 (wheels) for a given depth. The depth of the track discs is regulated by the movement of the rack 22 relative to the fork 23 of the lifting shaft. If necessary, change the position of the axis of the disks relative to the direction of the line of motion (angle of attack) by rearranging the bolt 25 along the holes of the plate 26.

Some of the seeds located on the tops of the ridges formed between the tracks of the discs are sealed with a smoothing bar 27. Finally, the seed-bearing soil layer is compacted by supporting wheels 33.

The main advantages of the proposed device:

- the ability to visually observe the process of seed distribution;

- an original simple and reliable device for performing two technological operations: changing the seed sowing rate, interrupting the sowing process when transferring the seeder to the transport position;

- seeding of seeds without changing their position on the sown strip with the simultaneous compaction of the seed-bearing soil layer, that is, ensuring contact of the seeds with soil particles;

- relatively high performance of the seeder in production crops (2014).

The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (2)

1. A seeder for uniform broadband sowing of seeds of vegetable crops, consisting of many sections, each section of which contains a moth type metering device, a tubular stand-seed tube and a scattering plate located below it over the soil surface, mechanisms for driving the moth and scattering plate, zarottach, characterized in that the sowing apparatus is equipped with a device for regulating the rate of sowing of the seeds and stopping the sowing of the seeds when the seeder is in the transport position, consisting of a flexible tape, covering the semi-cylindrical bottom of the box, the front end of which is connected via a spring to the case of the box, and the rear end is pivotally connected to a screw fixed vertically with the help of an adjusting nut and an arm on the rear wall of the box, the upper end of this screw being connected via a flexible thread to the seeder transport position, while on the semi-cylindrical bottom of the box and in the middle of the flexible tape there are the same shape and size of diamond-shaped holes for the passage of seeds. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeds are planted in the soil with a zagotcha made in the form of a battery of round thick-walled discs (wheels), freely placed on the axis with the necessary interval, while the axis of the wheel fixed at the ends of the Π-shaped frame and suspended on the fork of the lifting shaft of the seeder by means of a stand, it is possible to change its position both in horizontal and vertical planes, in addition, a round bar is attached to the Π-shaped frame, smoothing the crested surface formed after the passage of the battery of the disks, and the paired pneumatic support wheels are placed on the frame in such a way that their trace coincides with the sowing strip.

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