RU2501204C2 - Device for uniform broadband planting seeds of vegetable crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for uniform broadband sowing seeds of vegetable crops comprises a scraper bar, a sowing unit of papilionaceous type, a tubular stand-drill tube, an active diffuser in the form of a plate, and a drive mechanism to oscillating motion of the diffuser. The wedged scraper bar consists of flat blades interconnected at an angle smaller than the friction angle of the plant residues, and equipped with soil-deflectors. The soil-deflectors are made in the form of rectangular plates connected to the rear edge of blades at right angles. At that the device is equipped with a covering machine. The diffusing plate oscillating horizontally is made in the form of a perforated sector and is located in the free zone between the scraper bar and the covering machine. The covering machine is made in the form of two triangular plates mounted at an angle against the motion, which is less than the angle of friction of the soil against the plates.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the width of planting the seeds and to improve the uniformity of their distribution.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular for sowing small seeds of vegetable crops and medicinal herbs.

There are many options for sowing machines for intrasoil spread wideband sowing, equipped with passive wedge-shaped diffusers of various shapes. In particular, such a coulter is described in an article by A. A. Nogtev. “Opener for inside the spreading of soil” (journal "Agriculture", No. 4, 1998, p.31).

A common disadvantage of such openers is the limited spreading bandwidth. In areas with uneven terrain, the seeds are shifted towards the slope and the uniformity of their distribution is violated.

The closest analogue of the proposed device is the working body of the sowing machine with a pendulum-type diffuser, containing a hollow seed tube with a furrow-forming paw, equipped with a scattering plate placed under the paw (RF patent No. 2195101, АСС 7/20).

The disadvantage of this prototype is that the diffuser plate has a limited sector of vibrations and as a result of this does not provide the required sowing width. Small clearance between the gable arch of the paw and the plate. When root and plant residues, soil lumps fall into this gap, the oscillatory movements of the scattering plate are interrupted, the sowing process is disturbed. In addition, a narrow plate does not fulfill the function of distributing seeds, but only randomly scatters them around.

In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- Removing the embedment plate from under the embedment paw and placing it freely above the soil surface;

- Increase the size and area of the scattering plate and make it in the form of a perforated (trellised) circular sector;

- To propose a separate device for the formation of a flat-bottomed bed and seeding of seeds laid on this bed.

These technical results are achieved in that, in contrast to the prototype (patent No. 2195101), a scattering plate oscillating in the horizontal plane is placed not under the soil layer coming down from the surface of the paw, but above the soil surface at the required height and made in the form of a wide perforated circular sector. In this case, the seeds are laid at a given depth on a flat flat bed formed by a bed forger, consisting of 2 flat knives connected by front ends to each other at an angle less than the angle of friction of plant residues and equipped with soil taps made in the form of rectangular plates connected to the rear edge of the knives at right angles .

Seeds are covered with a zagotag shifting rolls formed by the bed forger on a flat bed, and made in the form of two triangular plates, set at an angle opposite to the movement smaller than the angle of soil friction against the plate.

This embodiment of the proposed device eliminates the main disadvantage of the sowing apparatus-jamming of the scattering plate placed under the arch of the closing legs. With the free placement of the plate, we are able to widely vary its size, configuration, shape, area and give the plate an additional function - the preliminary distribution of seeds on the plate. Moreover, the uniform distribution of seeds is provided by the necessary step of placing holes on the surface of the plate. Separate seeding, in which at first an even flat-bottomed bed is formed bounded by soil rollers at the edges, and then these rollers, due to the triangular shape of the zagortachami, the seeds are sealed with an even layer in the middle of the bed, has the prospect of further development and improvement. With separate seed placement it is convenient to visually observe the process of distribution and seed placement.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of an apparatus for uniform broadband sowing of seeds of vegetable crops, side view; figure 2 is the same, a top view; figure 3 - diagram of the technological process of distribution and seeding.

The apparatus consists of a sowing coil, a rigid tubular vas deferens, a scattering plate driven by a support wheel, a bed forger, a shortener, a supporting frame made in the form of 2 parallel plates, and support wheels.

The working coil of the metering unit is formed by trapezoidal blades 1 attached to the hub 2 and set at an angle of 30 ... 35 degrees to the plane of rotation. Adjacent blades 1 have an inclination in different directions (Figure 2). The working coil is placed in box 3 with a semi-cylindrical bottom. Box 3 is inserted into a semi-cylindrical base 4 rigidly fixed at the upper end of the tubular vas deferens 5. At the bottom of the box 3 and the base 4 there are rhombic holes. When the box 3 is rotated relative to the base 4, the diamond-shaped holes are displaced and thereby the size of the passage hole for seeds changes, therefore, the seeding rate changes.

The diffuser plate 6 is made in the form of a wide perforated circular sector and is connected with a narrow end to a vertical roller 7 having a lever 8 at the upper end. The roller 7 is mounted on sliding bearings in the tube 9. The lever 8 is connected to the finger 11 via a connecting rod 10 (Figure 2) , which is offset from the axis of rotation mounted on the roller 12. The roller 12 is adjacent to the side surface of the wheel 13 (Figure 2). The additional pressure of the wheel 13 on the roller 12 is provided by the spring 14. The tube 9 and the tubular hard seed tube 5 is fixed between 2 plate-shaped leads 15 (with the possibility of changing their horizontal and vertical positions). The bed former is mounted on the front end of the leashes 15 and consists of two flat knives 16 placed in a horizontal plane at an angle less than the angle of friction of the plant residues on the knife blade. To the trailing edge of the knives 16, rectangular taps 17 are welded at right angles. The soil taps are connected by a stand 18, inserted loose fit into the guide tube 19. The stand 18 is fixed in the tube 19 with a locking bolt 20.

Zagartachi made in the form of two plates 21 of a triangular shape, set at an angle against a movement smaller than the angle of friction of the soil on the plate. The plate 21 is suspended from the leashes 15 using the rack 22, the tube 23, the locking bolt 24. Moreover, the tube 23 is mounted with the possibility of adjusting its position along the leashes 15.

A bearing housing 25 is attached to the rear end of the leads 15. In the housing 25, a roller 26 is mounted on two ball bearings, the wheels 13 are mounted at the ends of it. The working coil of the metering unit is driven by an asterisk 27 mounted on the roller 26.

The work of the sowing apparatus is carried out as follows: with the translational movement of the apparatus through the chain and sprockets, the movement from the support wheels 13 is transmitted to the working coil. When the coil rotates, the seed flow under the influence of the blades and gravity is directed through the tubular vas deferens 5 to the active scattering plate 6. On the plate 6, holes have been made with the necessary pitch, as a result, when the plate oscillates within a given sector, the seeds under the action of inertial forces and forces the gravity sinks into the holes, then are discharged along a certain path to a flat bed (Figure 3). At the same time, three factors affect the uniformity of seed distribution:

- the arrangement of holes in the plate 6

- amplitude

- the oscillation frequency of the plate 6.

All factors are adjustable. With a certain value of them, you can get the necessary uniformity of seed distribution on the bed.

A flat bottom of the bed is formed with the translational movement of the knives 16. The soil layer cut by the knives 16 is dissected by the soil branches 17 and is shifted to the side to form a continuous roll (Figure 3). The seeds laid on the bed formed are closed with a zagotachka. The triangular shape of the plate 21 provides a uniform displacement of the soil from the rolls and seeding of seeds with a thin layer of soil. The depth of seed placement is regulated by the vertical movement of the racks 18 and 22 of the bed forger and zagotacha.

Since the scattering plate 6 is placed in the free zone, it is convenient to visually observe the distribution of seeds on the surface of the bed and, if necessary, make adjustments.

The main advantages of the proposed device

- When placing the scattering plate in the free zone between the bed forger and the baker, the main drawback of the previous devices is eliminated - jamming of the scattering plate under the closing foot.

- By replacing a narrow diffusing plate with a wide perforated circular sector, it becomes possible to increase the value of the coefficient of uniformity of sowing seeds.

- The proposed separate method of seeding provides high-quality performance of sowing operations.

The manufactured prototype successfully passed trial sowing tests. The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (2)

1. Apparatus for uniform broadband sowing of seeds of vegetable crops, containing a bed forger, moth-type seeding device, a tubular stand - seed tube, an active diffuser in the form of a plate, a drive mechanism for the oscillatory movement of the diffuser, characterized in that the wedge-shaped bed former consists of flat knives connected between themselves at an angle smaller than the angle of friction of plant residues and equipped with soil bends made in the form of rectangular plates connected to the trailing edge of the knives under a straight line angle, while the apparatus is equipped with a shorting, and the scattering plate oscillating in the horizontal plane is made in the form of a perforated sector and is located in the free zone between the bed forger and the shorting. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the shortener is made in the form of two plates of a triangular shape, installed at an angle against movement less than the angle of friction of the soil against the plate.

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