RU2437265C2 - Device for wide-range sowing of vegetable crops seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device includes a sowing apparatus, a tubular stand-seed duct, an active scatterer. A working coil of the sowing apparatus is formed by trapezoidal blades set at the angle of 30…35° to the plane of rotation. Adjacent blades of the coil are inclined to different sides. The sowing coil is placed in the box with a semi-cylindrical bottom. The box is installed with the possibility of rotation to different sides into a semi-cylindrical base, which is rigidly fixed at the end of the tubular stand-seed duct. At the same time at the bottom of the box and the base there are diamond-shaped holes for passage of seeds.

EFFECT: apparatus has simplified design and makes it possible to ensure stable movement of fine seeds slow in the seed duct at low controlled norms of sowing.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular for sowing seeds of vegetable crops and for subsoil spreading of granular fertilizers.

There are many options for sowing machines for subsurface spread broadband sowing, made in the form of well-known reel machines, feeding seeds through a flexible or rigid vas deferens under the arrow-shaped legs, equipped with passive diffusers of various shapes. In particular, such a coulter is described in an article by A. A. Nogtikov. "Opener for intrasoil spread sowing" (journal "Agriculture" No. 4, 1998, p.31).

A common disadvantage of such openers is the limited spreading bandwidth. In areas with uneven terrain, the seeds are shifted towards the slope and their uniform distribution is violated. The coulters equipped with active diffusers are to some extent devoid of these drawbacks (see AS No. 352623, АСС 7/20, AS No. 1683529, А01С 7/20). The closest analogue of the proposed device is the working body of the sowing machine with a pendulum type diffuser, containing a hollow stand with a furrow-forming paw, equipped with a scattering plate, a rolling roller and a device for driving the diffuser into oscillatory motion (RF patent No. 2195101, АСС 7/20).

The disadvantage of this analogue (prototype) is that it can only be used as a removable distributing and closing up working body of wide-seeding seeders of mass (mass) production. Meanwhile, currently in Russia more than 90% of vegetable crops are cultivated in low-contour plots. There was a great need for small-sized light, simple sowing machines of autonomous action. In addition, the prototype according to patent No. 2195101 has a complex (2 sprockets, gear sector, 2 chains, flexible thread, spring) and an unreliable drive of the scattering plate into oscillatory motion. The main driving link of this mechanism is the skating rink on slippery soil stalls, and on moist clay soil it is gaining ground.

In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- to develop a constructive scheme of a simple sowing apparatus with a metering device that provides a steady movement of the flow of small seeds in the vas deferens at low seeding rates and the ability to adjust this rate;

- to implement a separate drive in motion of the working coil of the metering unit and the scattering plate, it is necessary to replace the wide roller with two wheels or discs.

At the same time, with the addition of the front wheel support, we get a 3 ^x support stable construction in motion.

The indicated technical results are achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype (patent No. 2195104), the sowing device is equipped with a sowing device, which differs from the known, similar devices in that the working coil of the sowing device is formed by trapezoidal blades set at an angle of 30 ... 35 ° to the plane of rotation , in which adjacent blades have an inclination in different directions, is placed in a box with a semi-cylindrical bottom and inserted with the possibility of rotation in different directions in a semi-cylindrical base, rigidly fixed to erhnem end of the pipeline - the vas deferens. Moreover, at the bottom of the box and the base there are diamond-shaped holes for the passage of seeds. The size of the through hole is controlled by the displacement of the diamond-shaped holes when the box is rotated relative to the base.

The working coil of the metering unit is driven by an asterisk mounted on a roller, at the ends of which wheels with a rim of elastic material are mounted, and in the middle part the roller is supported by two ball bearings inserted in a housing fixed to the end of the load-bearing beam. A roller is pressed against the elastic lateral surface of the rim of one of the wheels, on the upper surface of which a finger is fixed with an offset from the axis of rotation, pivotally connected to a connecting rod that transmits movement to a lever fixed to the upper end of the vertical roller driving the scattering plate. Thus, the proposed device we get a universal sowing machine. It can be used autonomously, on manual traction (a seeder). Two, three devices are hung on a common beam and are attached to a walk-behind tractor. It is not difficult to attach the sowing devices (4 ... 6) to the bar of the cultivator-plant feeder. With the maintenance of the friction pair, the mechanism for transmitting motion to the scattering plate (from the vertical plane to the horizontal) is simplified.

The seeding rate is not regulated by changing the working length of the spool, but by turning the box (hopper) relative to the base.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the sowing apparatus, side view; figure 2 is the same, a top view.

The apparatus for broadband planting of vegetable crops consists of a sowing apparatus, a furrow-forming paw attached to the bottom of the tubular vas deferens, a diffuser in the form of a rectangular plate, a supporting beam mounted on three wheels, and mechanisms for driving the working coil of the sowing apparatus and diffuser plate.

The working coil of the metering apparatus is formed by trapezoidal blades 1 attached to the hub 2 and set at an angle of 30 ... 35 ° to the plane of rotation. Adjacent blades 1 have an inclination in different directions (see figure 2). The working coil is placed in box 3 with a semi-cylindrical bottom. Box 3 is inserted into a semi-cylindrical base 4, rigidly fixed on the upper end of the tubular rack - vas deferens 5. At the bottom of the box 3 and base 4 there are diamond-shaped holes. When the box 3 is rotated relative to the base 4, the diamond-shaped holes are displaced, and thereby the size of the passage hole for seeds changes, therefore, the seeding rate changes.

A furrow-forming paw 6 is fixed to the lower end of the tubular column - vas deferens 5. A scattering plate 7 of rectangular shape is placed under the paw. One end of the plate 7 is connected to a vertical roller 8, having a lever 9 at the upper end, and mounted on sliding bearings in the tube 10. Tubular stand - vas deferens 5 and tube 10 are interconnected by jumpers 11 and mounted on the supporting longitudinal beam 13 using plates 12 The oblong holes in one of the plates 13 provide vertical movement of the rack 5 with the tube 10, therefore, the regulation of the depth of seed placement. The working coil of the metering unit is driven by an asterisk 14, mounted on a roller 15 (Fig. 2), at the ends of which wheels 16 and 17 are mounted. In the middle part, the roller 15 is supported by two ball bearings inserted into the housing 18, mounted on the end of the carrier bar 13.

The roller 19 is adjacent to the elastic lateral surface of the wheel 17. The additional pressure of the wheel 17 on the roller 19 is provided by the spring 20. On the upper surface of the roller 19, a pin 21 is fixed with an offset from the axis of rotation, which is pivotally connected to the lever 9 of the roller 8, which drives the scattering plate 7.

Additional devices: markers, earthenware, pendants and brackets for manual traction, compiling a multi-row seeder in the figures are not shown.

The work of the sowing apparatus is as follows.

With the translational movement of the apparatus through the chain, the movement from the sprocket 14 is transmitted to the roller of the working coil. When the coil rotates in the seed mass, a circular movement of the seed layer is created, which is located near the blades 1. The dimensions of the annular active layer go beyond the dimensions of the coil itself in both radial and axial directions. The volume of seeds sown by the coil in one revolution is determined by the thickness of the active layer at the outlet and the area of the latter. The seeding rate is regulated by turning the box 3 relative to the base 4, i.e., the amount of overlap of the diamond-shaped holes. The flow of seeds under the influence of gravity is directed through a tubular column - the vas deferens 5 to the active diffuser, which is a flat plate 7 of the necessary shape (rectangle, circle, etc.), performing angular oscillations in a horizontal plane within a given sector. Seeds under the influence of gravity and inertial forces come off the plate and are scattered in a wide strip on a bed formed by a furrow-forming paw 6. Seeds are covered with a layer of soil descending on the surface of a furrow-forming paw 6. If necessary, the sowing machine is equipped with a zagortok (a device that implements seeds into the soil).

The main advantages of the proposed device:

- the proposed structural scheme of the metering unit coil creates a rotating active seed layer, as a result of which low-flowing seeds are stably squeezed out through a small hole. Which simplifies the process of dosing seeds;

- a simple device for regulating the seeding rate;

- friction transmission simplifies the transmission of movement from a vertical plane to a horizontal (diffuser drive mechanism);

- using the proposed sowing machines with a completed technological cycle (modules), it is not difficult to compose a seeder for a walk-behind tractor, a mini tractor.

A prototype was made. A research and testing program has been drawn up.

The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (2)

1. The apparatus for broadband sowing of seeds of vegetable crops, comprising a metering device, a tubular rack-seed tube, an active diffuser, a drive mechanism for oscillating movement of the diffuser, characterized in that the working coil of the metering apparatus formed by trapezoidal blades set at an angle of 30 - 35 ° to a rotation plane, in which adjacent blades have an inclination in different directions, is placed in a box with a semi-cylindrical bottom, which is inserted with the possibility of rotation in different directions in a semi-cylindrical main the rigidly fixed on the upper end of the tubular rack - the vas deferens, while at the bottom of the box and the base there are diamond-shaped holes for the passage of seeds. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the working coil of the sowing apparatus is driven by an asterisk mounted on a roller, at the ends of which wheels with an elastic rim are installed, and in the middle part the roller rests on two ball bearings inserted in a housing fixed at the end of the load-bearing beam, while an ice rink is pressed against the side surface of the rim of one of the wheels, on the upper surface of which a pin is fixed with an offset from the axis of rotation, pivotally connected to the connecting rod, which transfers the movement to the lever fixed on the upper end a vertical roller driving the diffuser plate.

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