RU2266633C1 - Seeding section for drill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used in drills for group sowing of vegetable and cucurbitaceous crop seeds in risky agriculture zones.

SUBSTANCE: seeding section is connected to frame through four-link pivotal leverage system. Seeding section has casing with seed box, shank connected to seeding unit, coverer, roller and sweep. Seeding unit is made in the form of endless belt equipped with cells. Endless belt is placed on driving and driven drums, which are of equal length. Driving drum has smaller diameter than driven drum. Driving drum is aligned with drive shaft and is positioned below driven drum, above shank body. Seed baffle positioned above driving drum is made in the form of loop manufactured from rubberized material. Seeding section allows 3-4 seeds to be compactly placed within single receptacle on uniform discharge of group of seeds from seed box.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and uniform sowing of crop seeds over the entire field.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the sowing sections of seeders for sowing seeds of vegetable and gourd crops at different depths to obtain stable seedlings when cultivated in a sharply continental climate.

Known sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops, including a can for seeds, sowing and nest-forming discs, reflectors, ejectors and a drive mechanism, in which, for the purpose of nesting sowing of seeds at elevated speeds of movement of the unit, the cells on the sowing disk are arranged in groups in a straight line at an angle to the radius, and the nest-forming disk is equipped with blades mounted at a certain angle to the radius with ends bent in the direction of the radius (SU, copyright certificate No. 190688, IPC A 01 C 7/1 8). The sowing device for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops (G.M. Rudakov, Atham Abdurazmanov and S.A. Ma (USSR). - Application No. 935802 / 30-15; Declared 12/28/1964; Publish. 12/29/1966, Bull . No. 2).

The disadvantages of the described metering apparatus include limited functionality.

A fertilizer coulter is known for two-way fertilizing in the soil, including side cheeks forming a wedge with a bevel in the lower part and a receiving funnel, in which, in order to prevent mixing of fertilizers with seeds between the cheeks, a saddle-shaped bottom and a sloping board adjoining it are installed; for the purpose of the qualitative distribution of fertilizers into two streams, the pitched board is made with a sleeve (SU, copyright certificate No. 39380. M. cl. A 01 C 7/20. Fertile coulter for two-way fertilizer application in the soil (F.M.Solovey. L.V. Kulikov, BC Basin et al. (USSR) .- Application No. 17 40088 / 30-15; Application January 24, 1972; Publish. August 22, 1973, Bull. No. 34 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1073. - No. 34)) .

The disadvantages of the described fertilizer coulter include the impossibility of group seed placement in one pass.

A device for counting and laying out seeds, including a nozzle communicated with a vacuum source through a nozzle, having a plate with holes, and a mechanism for disabling the performance and accuracy of single-grain seed collection, the nozzle is equipped with an extra seed dropper, which is made in the form of a perforated plate with curly plates connected to the plate, having chamfers, grooves with a width greater than the diameter of the holes, while the perforated plate is kinematically connected with a vacuum shut-off mechanism; the vacuum shut-off mechanism is made in the form of a three-arm lever, one arm of which is connected to a pneumatic valve installed in the nozzle, the other is spring-loaded, and the third is connected through a two-arm lever to a perforated plate, (SU, copyright certificate No. 1105136 A. M. class. ³ A 01 C 1/00; A 01 C 7/00. Device for counting and laying out seeds / A.E. Tompakov, G.M. Pekerman, G.A. Goncharenko and others (USSR) - Application No. 3508911 / 30-15 ; Declared 05.11.1982; Publ. 30.07. 1984, Bull. No. 28 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1984. - No. 28).

A disadvantage of the known device, despite the presence of a large number of common essential features that coincide with the declared object, is the impossibility of uniform distribution of sown seeds along the length of cutting groups in order to obtain seedlings at different agrotechnical dates and a sharp change in weather.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is the sowing section of a precision beet seeder, connected to the frame via a four-link articulated lever system and including a housing with a seed box, a pneumatic metering unit with a vertically arranged disk, a coulter connected to the wings with a housing, a earthing machine, a roller and a train ( see Agricultural and land reclamation machines / G.E. Listopad, G.K. Demidov, B.D. Zonov and others; Under the general editorship of G.E. Listopad. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. - 688 p. , ill. - (Textbooks and study guides for you schools.) - S.85-86, Fig. 1.50)).

The disadvantages of the described sowing section of the precision beet seeder, which we adopted as the closest analogue, include limited functionality, the impossibility of sowing a group of seeds in one nest and mechanical damage to the seeds.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to create sustainable plant communities, in particular from vegetable and melon crops, in conditions of risky farming.

The technical result - the uniformity of the supply of seeds to the coulter with a given number, the exception of their microtraumas and the compactness of the formation of nests.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known sowing section of the seeder connected to the frame by means of a four-link hinged-lever system and including a housing with a seed box, a sowing unit, a coulter, a harrower, a roller and a cable connected by a link to the housing, according to the invention, the sowing device is made in the form of endless tape equipped with cells, placed on different-sized drive and driven drums, while the drive drum is made with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the driven drum, combined with the shaft of water, installed below the driven drum and above the opener, and above the driving drum mounted seed reflector in the form of a loop of rubberized material.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows the sowing section of the seeder in the working position.

The seeder section of the seeder is connected to the frame 1 by means of a four-link articulated lever system 2. The section includes a housing 3 with a seed box 4, a sowing device 5, connected by a coulisse to the housing 3, a coulter 6, a beater 7, a roller 8 and a cable 9.

The sowing apparatus 5 is made in the form of an endless belt equipped with cells. The number of cells across the width of the tape is equal to the number of seeds laid simultaneously in the nest. Cell sizes correspond to weighted average seed sizes with plus deviations. The tape material is technical rubber of appropriate hardness. An endless tape with the ability to quickly dismantle is placed on a different-sized leading 10 and driven 11 reels. The surface of the drums 10 and 11 is reinforced with a layer of the same technical rubber. The driving drum 10 of smaller diameter is aligned with the drive shaft and is installed in front and below the driven drum 11 above the opener 6. The driving drum 11 has a larger diameter than the driving drum 10. Above the driving drum 10, a seed reflector 12 is mounted in the form of a loop of rubberized material. The shaft of the drive drum 10 through a chain transmission 13 and sprockets 14 and 15 is kinematically connected with the axis of the support wheel (not shown) of the seeder.

The sowing section of the seeder operates as follows.

The frame 1 of the seeder is connected by rods of the tractor hinged system. When translational steady motion opener 6 opens into the soil groove for laying seeds. When the support wheels of the seeder roll, the drive drum shaft 10 receives the drive, and with it the endless belt of the sowing apparatus 9. Moving the leading branch of the endless belt from top to bottom in this part of the seed box 1 allows you to smoothly put the seeds into the cells. The position of the seeds in each cell is fixed by the reflector 12. The seed reflector removes the excess seeds in the box 1, the loop of the reflector 12 smoothly shifts the extra seeds from the surface of the cells on an endless ribbon. Hitting the cells of the endless belt on the driving drum 10 of small diameter leads to the opening of the cells and the forced ejection of seeds from them. Seeds in close proximity to opener 6 are fed to the bottom of a groove open in the soil. The low height of the seeds ensures the accuracy of their nest arrangement. Zagortach 7 closes the furrow of moist soil, and skating rink 8 creates a contact of seeds with soil. Trail 9 aligns the topography of the soil.

The presence of 3-4 seeds in one nest allows you to get stable seedlings. This allows you to get a guaranteed yield at temperature extremes and the destruction of part of the sprouts by birds and s. - x. pests.

Claims (1)

The seeder section of the seeder connected to the frame by means of a four-link articulated lever system and including a housing with a seed box, a sowing unit, a coulter, earthing machine, roller and a plume connected to a link to the body, characterized in that the sowing device is made in the form of an endless belt equipped with cells and placed on different-sized leading and driven drums, while the driving drum is made with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the driven drum, combined with the drive shaft, mounted below the driven drum and above the opener, and above the drive The seed reflector is mounted with a drum in the form of a loop of rubberized material.