RU2238626C1 - Drill seeding section for seeding to different depths of seeds, preferably, of cucurbits crop - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, seeding equipment for vegetable and cucurbits crop seeds.

SUBSTANCE: seeding section has casing with seed box, pneumatic seeding unit with vertical disk, shank connected through rocker member to casing, covering device, roller and sweep. Seeding section is connected with drill frame through four-link leverage system and is equipped with mechanism for feeding seeds into shank sections. Shank has additional shoes arranged between shank cheeks. Shank shoes are disposed between cheeks at different heights. Mechanism for feeding seeds into shank sections is provided with disk mounted on seeding unit shaft and equipped with stop engageable with stem of movable spring-loaded chute, which is mounted on carriage guides for lateral movement with respect to shank.

EFFECT: simplified construction and provision for obtaining of stable young vegetable and cucurbits crops.

2 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the sowing sections of seeders for sowing seeds of vegetable and melon crops at different depths to obtain stable seedlings when cultivated in a sharply continental climate.

Known sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops, including a can for seeds, sowing and nest-forming discs, reflectors, ejectors and a drive mechanism, in which, for the purpose of nesting sowing of seeds at increased speeds of movement of the unit, the cells on the sowing disk are arranged in groups on a straight line at an angle to the radius, and the nest-forming disk is equipped with blades mounted at a certain angle to the radius with ends bent in the direction of the radius (SU, copyright certificate No. 190668. IPC A 01 C 7 / 18. Sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops / G. M. Rudakov, Atham Abdurakhmanov and S. A. Ma (USSR) - Application No. 935802 / 30-15; Declared 12/28/1964; Publ. 29.12. 1966, Bull. No. 2).

The disadvantages of the described metering apparatus include limited functionality.

Known fertilizer coulter for two-way fertilizer in the soil, including side cheeks forming a wedge with a bevel in the lower part and a receiving funnel, in which, in order to prevent mixing of fertilizers with seeds, a saddle-shaped bottom and an adjacent sloping board are installed between the cheeks at the bevel level ; for the purpose of the qualitative distribution of fertilizers into two streams, the pitched board is made convex (SU, copyright certificate No. 393960. M. cl. A 01 C 7/20. Fertile coulter for two-way fertilizing in the soil / F.M. Solovey, L.V. .Kulikov, V.S. Basin and others (USSR) .- Application No. 1740088 / 30-15; Stated January 24, 1972; Publish. August 22, 1973, Bull. No. 34 / Discoveries. Inventions. - 1973. - No. 34 )

The disadvantage of the described fertilizer coulter is the impossibility of laying seeds in one pass at different seeding depths.

A device for counting and laying out seeds, comprising a nozzle communicated with a vacuum source through a nozzle, having a plate with holes, and a vacuum shut-off mechanism, in which, in order to increase the productivity and accuracy of single-grain seed selection, the nozzle is equipped with an excess seed remover, which is made in the form a perforated plate conjugated to the plate with curly, chamfered grooves with a width greater than the diameter of the holes, while the perforated plate is kinematically connected with the opening mechanism vacuum; the vacuum shut-off mechanism is made in the form of a three-armed lever, one shoulder of which is connected to a pneumatic valve installed in the nozzle, the other is spring-loaded, and the third is connected through a two-arm lever to a perforated plate (SU, copyright certificate No. 1105136, M. class. ³ A 01 C 1 / 00; A 01 C 7/00. Device for counting and laying out seeds / A.E. Tompakov, G.M. Pekerman, G.A. Goncharenko and others (USSR) .- Application No. 3508911 / 30-15; Stated 11/05/1982; Publish. 07/30/1984, Bull. No. 28 // 0 openings. Inventions. - 1984. - No. 28).

The disadvantage of the described device, despite the presence of a large number of common essential features coinciding with the declared object, is the impossibility of uniform distribution of sown seeds along the length of the row at different depths in order to obtain seedlings at different agrotechnical dates.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is the sowing section of a precision beet seeder, connected to the frame via a four-link articulated lever system and including a housing with a seed box, a pneumatic metering unit with a vertically arranged disk, a coulter connected by a link to the housing, a cutter, a roller and a loop (see Agricultural and land reclamation machines / G.E. Listopad, G.K. Demidov, B.D. Zonov, etc.; Under the general editorship of G.E. Listopad. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. - 688 p. ., ill. - (Textbooks and study guides for higher .. Proc institutions) -. S.85-86, ris.1.50).

The disadvantages of the described sowing section of the precision beet seeder, adopted as the closest analogue, are limited functionality.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows the sowing section of the seeder for different depth sowing seeds of gourds, side view.

In Fig.2 - opener sowing section, right side view.

Figure 3 is the same, plan view.

Figure 4 is a view A in figure 2.

In Fig.5 is a section bB in Fig.1, the mechanism for feeding the sown seeds in the opener compartments, a plan view.

In Fig.6 - node In Fig.5, the mechanism for feeding the sown seeds into the compartments of the juicer, side view.

In Fig.7 is a section GG in Fig.6, the scheme of the removal of seeds in the right compartment of the opener.

On Fig - the same, the scheme of the removal of seeds in the middle compartment of the opener.

In Fig.9 is the same, the scheme of removal of seeds into the left compartment of the opener.

Figure 10 is a section DD in figure 7, the relative position of the drive disk of the feed mechanism of the sown seeds in the right compartment of the opener.

In Fig.11 - cross section EE in Fig.8, the supply of seeds with a movable tray in the middle compartment of the coulter for sowing at the greatest depth of sowing.

In Fig.12 - section FJ in Fig.9, the supply of seeds to the left compartment of the coulter when sowing seeds to the smallest depth of seeding.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

A seeder for sowing seeds of different depths, mainly melons, is connected to the frame 1 by means of a four-link articulated lever system 2 and includes a housing 3 with a seed box 4, a pneumatic sowing device 5 with a vertically arranged disk 6, a coulter 7 connected by a link to the housing 3, earthenware 8, roller 9 and train 10. The sowing section is equipped with a mechanism 11 for feeding the sowed seeds into the compartments 12, 13 and 14 of the opener 7. The opener 7 is equipped with additional heels 15 and 16, which are located in comparison with the main heel 17 at different levels. Heels 15 and 16 are placed between the cheeks 18, 19 and 20, 21 of the opener 7 at different heights compared to the lower section of the main heel 17.

The mechanism 11 for feeding the sown seeds into the compartments 12, 13 and 14 of the opener 7 is equipped with a disk 23 with a stop 23 mounted on the shaft 22 of the sowing unit 5. The emphasis 24 of the disk 23 interacts with the rod 25 of the movable and spring-loaded tray 26. The tray 26 is placed on the guides 27 of the carriage 28 mechanism 11. The mechanism 11 through the studs 29 is placed on the opener 7 and connects the housing of the metering unit 5.

The sowing section of the seeder for different depth sowing of seeds works as follows.

Beet seeder of the SST-8B or SST-12B brands with the declared sowing sections are prepared for work according to the operating instructions. The seeding depth within 10 ... 12 cm is established by moving the support wheel 9 relative to the housing 3, followed by fixing the link to the housing. The depth of the seed bed, made by additional heels 15 and 16, is performed two and four centimeters less than on the seed bed formed by the main heel 17.

A vertically located disk 6 of the pneumatic apparatus 5 receives a drive from a shaft 26 kinematically connected by belt and chain transmissions to the seeder drive wheels. When the ejector is turned on, a vacuum is created in the receivers, which is pneumatically connected to the vacuum chamber of the pneumatic sowing device 5. The disk 6 of the pneumatic device 5 mounted on one shaft 28 and the disk 23 with an emphasis 24 receive uniform rotation and at the same time the seeds are removed from the seed box 4 into the cavity coulter housing 7. When rotating the disc 6, the seeds in the working area of the metering unit 5 fall under their own weight down and fall into the tray 6. When the discs 6 and 23 are synchronously rotated, the stop 24 of the disc 23 engages with the stem end 25, which slides the tray 26 to the side. The narrowed part of the tray 26 sequentially directs the seeds into the compartments 12, 13 and 14 of the opener 7. In this way, the seeds are evenly fed to the bed with depths of 6, 12 and 8 cm. The served seeds on the bed, formed by heels 15 , 17 and 16, are closed first with moist soil due to the lower edge of the coulter 7, and then with zagortachki 8. The sprinkled layer of soil is rolled up by a support roller 9. The field relief is leveled by a loop 10.

Different depth seed placement of melons and gourds, respectively, to a depth of 6, 8 and 12 cm ensures, according to phenological observations, the emergence of seedlings of table varieties of watermelon on 6, 12 and 14 days after sowing. Under adverse weather conditions, late spring frosts can destroy only part of the seedlings. Under favorable weather conditions, excess plants from the rows are removed mechanically (by bunching) or when carrying out manual weeding in protective zones.

Sowing sections for different depth sowing will provide stable seedlings of melons in soil and climatic conditions with a sharply continental climate. Sections will provide a guaranteed crop of table varieties of watermelon and other melons.

Claims (2)

1. The sowing section of the seeder for sowing seeds of different melons at different depths, connected to the frame via a four-link articulated lever system and including a housing with a seed box, a pneumatic sowing device with a vertically arranged disk, a coulter connected to the wings with a housing, a zipper, a roller and a loop, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for feeding the sown seeds into the opener compartments, equipped with additional heels placed between the opener cheeks at different heights. 2. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for feeding the sowed seeds into the coulter compartments is equipped with a disk mounted on the shaft of the sowing unit with a stop interacting with the rod of the movable and spring-loaded tray placed on the carriage guides.

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