RU2579810C1 - Ploughshare for multiline sowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, particularly plowshares for shallow and uniform closing depth and uniform seeds distribution along sowing furrows. Plowshare consists of hollow body with flat bottom, wedge-shaped skids, diffuser with separate electric drive. Behind wedge-shaped skids, seed droppers are mounted in gaps between grooves formed by skids.

EFFECT: such design will allow to ensure uniform distribution of sown seeds along sowing furrows.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The patented invention relates to agricultural engineering, namely to openers, and can be used for shallow and uniformly deep seeding of vegetable seeds in the soil with multi-line sowing.

Known opener (see USSR, AS No. 1683533 A01C 7/20, 1991 BI No. 38), adopted as a prototype consisting of a hollow shoe, the working surface of which is made in the form of a support ski, and the day surface is made along the way the coulter movement is convex, which eliminates the retention of soil that has fallen on the surface of the shoe.

The disadvantage of this coulter is that the bottom of the formed furrows consists of dry soil, since wedge-shaped runners squeeze the dry soil from top to bottom, and seed placement is carried out by dry soil through rings without disturbing the shape of the furrows.

The disadvantage of this coulter is the uneven coating of the surface of the soil with the seeds sown with soil coming down from the surface of the shoe, which may not appear on the shoe, or may be too much.

Known opener (see USSR, AS No. 435778 A01C, 7/20, 1972), adopted for the prototype, made in the form of a paw connected to a hollow rack, under which a conical diffuser of bulk materials is placed, the diffuser is equipped with a disk with spiral blades driven into rotation by an autonomous electric motor. This version of the coulter is aimed at achieving uniform sieving of bulk materials, including seeds.

However, the disadvantage of this coulter is the uneven distribution of bulk materials due to the lack of overflow of bulk materials of the inter-blade spaces, equalizing their number between the blades. The uneven amount of bulk material falling onto the cone diffuser is determined by the different stiffness of the petals of the funnel, dropping seeds on the diffuser and installed in a hollow rack. As a result, there is an alternation of thickened and rarefied zones of bulk materials, which can be seeds of vegetable crops.

Another significant drawback of this coulter is the unattainability of uniform sieving of bulk materials due to the lack of a mechanism that matches the rotational speed of the blade disc with the speed of the sowing unit.

The disadvantage of this coulter is the impossibility of multi-line sowing when the seeds are laid in parallel grooves (when there are more than two furrows).

In the patented opener, the goal is multi-line sowing with a uniform distribution of seeds on the surface of the strip opened by the opener, while increasing the depth of the evenness of seed placement in the soil.

The coulter consists of a hollow body surrounded by cheeks, the bottom of the coulter, made in the form of a flat plate, the length of which is one third of the length of the coulter, starting from its top. Wedge-shaped runners are attached to the flat bottom plate, which press moist soil from top to bottom. The length of the runners is the second third of the length of the coulter. In the last third of the coulter length, seed ejectors are installed in grooves formed by runners.

The flat working surface of the coulter body, its bottom, aligning the surface with the width of the coulter, provides a stable depth of soil removal, which the cheeks shift in the form of rollers for earthing.

Behind the coulter's cheeks are earthing devices that burn the soil onto the sown seeds and shifted into the furrows formed by wedge-shaped runners, and the packer roller compacts the cultivated soil.

On the surface of the casing there is a rack for fastening and fixing the coulter in the frame of the seed section. A device including electromagnets powered from the electronic control unit is attached to the same coulter stand. The device carries a plate made of elastic steel, to which a perforated tray is attached, into which metered seeds come through the vas deferens.

Seeds are discharged onto the soil between the wedge-shaped runners from the diffuser of the perforated tray, and the most important thing is that the tray oscillates, making a reciprocating movement with a frequency and amplitude that is consistent with the speed of the translational motion of the seeder and with the number of seeds coming from the metering device under the condition that the amount of seeds entering the tray does not accumulate there, but is discarded from the tray in time.

This arrangement of the coulter expands its technological capabilities and most importantly -

stabilizes multi-line sowing due to better distribution of seeds on the surface of soil strips between wedge-shaped runners and withstands the depth of seed placement in moist soil. Thus, providing high field germination of seeds.

An analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patents and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the declared opener for multi-line sowing, revealed that the applicant did not find an analogue for the opener, characterized by a sign, all the essential features of the declared opener for multi-line sowing.

Thus, the patented invention meets the criterion of "Novelty." To verify the compliance of the patented invention, the opener for multi-line sowing, the criterion of "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions for patents and scientific and technical sources of information. The search results showed that the patented invention, the opener for multi-line sowing, in combination of distinctive features does not fall under the well-known technical solutions and does not follow explicitly from the prior art for specialists.

In FIG. 1 shows the described opener for multi-line sowing.

In FIG. 2 is a section AA of FIG. one.

The coulter includes a hollow body 1, a day surface with a stand 2, a working surface-bottom 3, wedge-shaped runners 4, seed ejectors 5, the tube of the vas deferens 6, earthing device 7, the packer roller 8.

The connector 9 is designed to supply signals to the electromagnets 10. The electromagnets 10 are installed inside the apparatus 11, in which the carrier plate 12 is attached, to which the diffuser is attached - a perforated tray 13 with sides 14. The tray is designed to discharge seeds coming from the metering device.

The electronic unit 15 is powered from the on-board network 16 of the tractor aggregating the seeder. The signal about the speed of the seeder moves to the electronic unit, where it is converted and fed to a multivibrator, which modulates the duration of the pulses and the intervals between them. The duration of the pulses entering the winding of the electromagnet 10 determines the attraction of the carrier plate to the electromagnets in time, equal to the pulse duration, in strict accordance with the speed of the seeder and the size of the sown seeds.

Seeding carried out by the opener is implemented in the following sequence. When the unit moves, the cheeks of the body raise and shift the soil under the approaching earthing.

The flat bottom of the coulter aligns the surface of the strip in which the wedge-shaped runners form grooves.

When moving the seeder, the signal about the start of movement from the sensor mounted on the seeder wheel enters the electronic unit, from which the signal goes to the electromagnets, which attract the carrier plate with the perforated tray attached to it, thereby giving some seeds to the tray the amount of movement due to which the seeds through the holes fall on the soil surface between the wedge-shaped skids. As the unit progresses, seed ejectors installed behind the runners drop seeds from the soil surface into grooves formed by the runners.

With such seeding of seeds into grooves, they turn out to be in moist soil and sprinkled with dry soil on top of the soil, which is rolled up by rollers, compacting not only the soil that is burnt by zagortacami, but also the one that sprinkles seeds in the grooves.

So, the reciprocating movement of the perforated tray ensures uniform discharge of seeds into the stitched holes of the bottom of the tray, and the holes in the beads exclude any accumulation of seeds at the bottom of the tray.

Depending on the size of the sown seeds, a corresponding tray with a different size of stitched holes is attached to the carrier plate.

This coulter arrangement provides a wide range of seed crops.

The number of rows sown is determined by the number of wedge-shaped runners installed on the opener bottom and the corresponding number of seed ejectors.

The depth of the seed ejector does not exceed half the height of the wedge-shaped skids.

Claims (1)

The opener for multi-line sowing, consisting of a hollow body with a flat bottom, wedge-shaped runners, a diffuser with an autonomous electric drive, characterized in that for the purpose of more even distribution of the sown seeds along the sowing lines, seed dischargers are installed behind the wedge-shaped runners in the gaps between the grooves formed by them.

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